后大腦圖譜時代

????2013年世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人們并沒有忽視人腦的重要性和潛力,。今年年初,，歐盟批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)10億歐元（約合13億美元）的10年期人腦項(xiàng)目（Human Brain Project），以期在超級電腦上完成首個完整人腦模擬,。美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也宣布了類似的計(jì)劃,，為大腦活動圖譜提供1億美元資金，繪制腦部神經(jīng)細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞組的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò),。盡管一些人批評這些數(shù)額過大的撥款在目前的財(cái)政緊縮時期是浪費(fèi)型研究支出,，詹姆斯?馬丁博士相信,，后腦圖譜時代將開啟人類歷史的全新篇章。

????此話怎講,？馬丁說,，雖然我們還無法完全預(yù)測精確的功能大腦圖譜將會帶來多大的顛覆性改變，但它毫無疑問將會改變一切,。屆時,，大部分神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病都能得到治愈。腦移植手術(shù)將變得司空見慣,?；蚺c認(rèn)識增強(qiáng)（與未來數(shù)十年計(jì)算機(jī)能力的巨大躍進(jìn)一道）將不僅帶來一個服務(wù)于人類自我提升的全新市場，還將孕育出更智能,、更高效的人類,，他們轉(zhuǎn)而為正反饋循環(huán)帶來更偉大的想法和創(chuàng)新，從而創(chuàng)造出層出不窮的新技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會,。

The post-brain-map era

????The importance and potential of the human brain certainly isn't lost on world leaders in 2013. Earlier this year the European Union granted 1 billion euros ($1.3 billion) over 10 years to the Human Brain Project, which aims to create the first full human brain simulation running on supercomputers, while President Obama similarly announced $100 million in funding for a brain activity map that will chart the complex networks of neurons and neuron clusters in the brain. And while some have criticized these outsize grants as wasteful research spending in a time of austerity, Dr. James Martin believes that the post-brain-map era will be remarkably different than anything human history has ever known.

????How? We can't yet fully comprehend just how much of a paradigm-shifter an accurate, functional brain map will be, Martin said, but it will undoubtedly change just about everything. Neurological disease will largely become treatable. Brain implants will be commonplace. Genetic and cognitive enhancements (alongside the huge leaps forward in computing power expected in the coming decades) will lead not only to a whole new market for self-improvement, but to smarter, more efficient humans that in turn will feed greater ideas and innovations back into a positive feedback loop, leading to an avalanche of new technologies and economic opportunities.