????意識(shí)到機(jī)會(huì)的來(lái)臨,，一些有事業(yè)心的當(dāng)?shù)厝碎_(kāi)始買(mǎi)地填池、搭建倉(cāng)庫(kù),、雇傭保安,，然后把攤位租出去。20年后,，La Salada成了一頭巨獸,。即便不是世界最大，它也是拉丁美洲這類(lèi)購(gòu)物市場(chǎng)中最大的。它有3萬(wàn)個(gè)零售點(diǎn),，在每個(gè)月的12個(gè)集市日中,，每天流動(dòng)的商品總值預(yù)計(jì)高達(dá)3億比索（以官方匯率約合5000萬(wàn)美元）。這里的消費(fèi)者和店老板來(lái)自于阿根廷的每個(gè)角落,，通常要乘長(zhǎng)達(dá)12個(gè)小時(shí)的大巴,。看一下商品的價(jià)格便容易明白為什么人們?cè)敢獍仙缴嫠畞?lái)這里——運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋賣(mài)50-60比索（約合10美元）,，T恤只賣(mài)15比索（不到3美元）,。而CD和DVD只要幾分錢(qián)。

????據(jù)卡斯蒂略稱,，價(jià)格低的原因很簡(jiǎn)單：沒(méi)有中間商,。這3萬(wàn)個(gè)攤位中，大多數(shù)攤位的衣服自產(chǎn)自銷(xiāo),，小本經(jīng)營(yíng),。通過(guò)中間商交易時(shí)，他們只能分到最終售價(jià)的一部分利潤(rùn),；而直接出售時(shí),，他們能把售價(jià)翻一番，而且價(jià)格對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)仍然極低,?？ㄋ沟俾苑Q，大約有100萬(wàn)人直接或間接地靠La Salada的攤位生活,。

????當(dāng)然,，La Salada有許多批評(píng)者。從音樂(lè)公司行會(huì)組織到歐盟和美國(guó)的貿(mào)易代表,，每個(gè)人都把La Salada視為世界最大的假冒產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)地之一,。匆匆一瞥，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)至少一半的在售產(chǎn)品是名牌仿制品——如耐克（Nike）,，阿迪達(dá)斯（Adidas）等——而且還有許多攤位賣(mài)盜版電影,、音樂(lè)和軟件。

????盡管很難辯解出售拷貝的DVD不是盜竊,，但其他需要生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品似乎處在法律的灰色地帶,，至少在卡斯蒂略的眼里是這樣的。他說(shuō),，還沒(méi)有一家服裝品牌找他投訴過(guò),。“從來(lái)沒(méi)有人來(lái)說(shuō),，‘老兄,，我們?cè)趺唇鉀Q這事,？’”

????卡斯蒂略辯稱那些品牌是集市的受益者：冒牌產(chǎn)品給它們做了免費(fèi)宣傳。而且,，反正買(mǎi)假貨的人根本就沒(méi)錢(qián)去買(mǎi)真品,，這種說(shuō)法受到一項(xiàng)歐盟出資做的研究報(bào)告的支持。（雖然這些衣服的質(zhì)量并非上乘,，但也不差,。）

????“一個(gè)花10比索買(mǎi)了一件耐克T恤的人，是不會(huì)花500比索去購(gòu)物中心買(mǎi)一件的真貨的,，”卡斯蒂略說(shuō),。“因?yàn)槿绻菢拥脑?，他們就沒(méi)錢(qián)吃飯了,。”

????《外交事務(wù)》（Foreign Affairs）雜志最近的一篇名為《假裝你可以,，直到成功》（Fake It Till You Make It）的文章支持了卡斯蒂略對(duì)賣(mài)假名牌泰然處之的態(tài)度,。在文章中，《山寨經(jīng)濟(jì)：模仿激發(fā)創(chuàng)新之謎》（The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation）一書(shū)的作者爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō),，假冒產(chǎn)品在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)中培育了未來(lái)的消費(fèi)者資源,。

????對(duì)卡斯蒂略來(lái)說(shuō)，La Salada是一場(chǎng)受欺騙的小廠商和消費(fèi)者對(duì)中間商和零售商的勝利,，也是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民保護(hù)自己不受大型經(jīng)濟(jì)利益集團(tuán)侵害的例子,。

????至于偷稅漏稅和造假的指控？那不過(guò)是擔(dān)心失去高利潤(rùn)的經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商搬弄出來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的事,。

????“人們可能會(huì)說(shuō)我們賣(mài)得便宜是因?yàn)槲覀儾唤欢悾且驗(yàn)槲覀兗倜懊?。這么說(shuō)真是站著說(shuō)話不腰疼,，”卡斯蒂略說(shuō)。

????這個(gè)世界將很快就能看到La Salada模式是否已經(jīng)做好了出口的準(zhǔn)備,?？ㄋ沟俾哉f(shuō)，在阿根廷的門(mén)多薩商場(chǎng)將在1年內(nèi)達(dá)到5000個(gè)攤位的規(guī)模,，它離智利和智利的數(shù)百萬(wàn)消費(fèi)者只有幾英里遠(yuǎn),。而且阿根廷政府已經(jīng)將La Salada的代表們納入安哥拉、越南以及其他一些國(guó)家的貿(mào)易團(tuán),，以向國(guó)外出口這一模式,。盡管出口到邁阿密不容易，但在你周?chē)哪硞€(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,，La Salada模式可能真的很快就要出現(xiàn),。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：默默?

????Sensing an opportunity, a few enterprising locals bought the land, filled the pools, put up simple warehouses, hired security, and rented out stalls. Twenty years later, La Salada is a gargantuan beast. The largest such mall in Latin America, if not the world, it has some 30,000 retail posts that together move merchandise worth an estimated 300 million pesos (about $50 million at the official exchange rate) on each of the 12 market days every month. Consumers and shop owners come from all over Argentina, often on 12-hour bus rides, which is easy to understand after seeing the prices. Sneakers go for 50-to-60 pesos (about $10) while t-shirts are 15 pesos (less than $3). And CDs and DVDs go for pennies.

????According to Castillo, the reason for the low prices is simple: no middlemen. Most of the 30,000 posts are filled by small businesses that make their own clothing. Instead of getting a fraction of the final price, as they did with middlemen, they can double their prices and still offer rock-bottom deals. Castillo claims that some 1 million people live off the stalls at La Salada, both directly and indirectly.

????Of course, La Salada has many detractors. Everyone from music company trade groups to the EU and the U.S. Trade Representative have pegged La Salada as one of the world's biggest counterfeit goods vendors. At a quick glance, at least half of the goods sold are name-brand knockoffs –-- Nike (NKE), Adidas, and the like -- and scores of stalls sell pirated movies, music, and software.

????While it's hard to argue that selling a copied DVD is not theft, the other goods -- which require manufacturing -- seem to fall in a legal gray area, at least in Castillo's eyes. He says that not one clothing brand has approached him with complaints. "No one ever came to say, 'Man, how can we fix this?'"

????Castillo argues that the brands benefit from the fair: The fake goods provide free publicity, and the people who buy them don't have the money to buy originals anyway, assertions supported by an EU-funded report. (While the clothing isn't top quality, it's not bad.)

????"A person who buys a t-shirt that says Nike for 10 pesos is not going to buy one for 500 in a shopping mall," Castillo says. "Because then he doesn't eat."

????Castillo's equanimity towards counterfeiting is backed by the recent Foreign Affairs article "Fake It Till You Make It," in which the authors of The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation argue that counterfeits create future customers among the developing world middle class.

????For Castillo, La Salada is a triumph over middlemen and retailers who gouge the small manufacturer and consumer, and an example of citizens of developing countries protecting themselves from large economic interests.

????And the accusations of tax evasion and counterfeiting? They're just diversions from resellers worried about losing high margins.

????"It's easy to say that here we sell cheaply because we don't pay taxes or we counterfeit brands, but come on," Castillo says.

????The world will soon see if the La Salada model is ready for export. The Mendoza mall in Argentina, which Castillo says will have 5,000 stalls within a year, is just miles from Chile and its millions of consumers. And the Argentine government has included representatives of La Salada on trade missions -- to Angola and Vietnam, among others -- to export the model abroad. While Miami will be a hard sell, a La Salada may indeed be coming soon to a developing country near you.