????特斯拉公司（Tesla）創(chuàng)始人,、已是億萬(wàn)富翁的埃隆?穆斯克今年春天在北京宣布，公司計(jì)劃于未來(lái)3-4年內(nèi)在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)汽車(chē),。在一些觀察家看來(lái),，這個(gè)計(jì)劃極具野心，甚至有些魯莽,。

????專(zhuān)家們的意見(jiàn)主要集中于兩點(diǎn),。首先，特斯拉想要在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售汽車(chē),，必須先與一家中國(guó)制造商成立合資公司,。眾所周知，中國(guó)政府的政策偏向合資公司中中國(guó)的那一方,，特斯拉可能因此被迫與中國(guó)合作方分享一些有價(jià)值的商業(yè)機(jī)密,，或者至少要做出一些對(duì)自身不利的決策。

????其二,，懷疑論者指出,，特斯拉必須從零開(kāi)始，在中國(guó)建設(shè)一個(gè)充電網(wǎng)絡(luò),。而這一點(diǎn)也要求成立合資公司,，同時(shí)還要得到中國(guó)政府的支持,。如果中國(guó)政府決定支持某一類(lèi)型的充電站，而不是支持特斯拉,，他們可以輕易做到,，從而迫使特斯拉在一個(gè)不確定的市場(chǎng)花費(fèi)幾億、甚至幾十億美元,。

????距離穆斯克宣布在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)之后還不到三個(gè)月,，中國(guó)政府就更改了一項(xiàng)法規(guī)。這一點(diǎn)表明,，特斯拉想要在中國(guó)發(fā)展,，路途還很漫長(zhǎng)。

????據(jù)彭博新聞社（Bloomberg News）報(bào)道,，中國(guó)一個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)研究中心意圖批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)所有類(lèi)型的公司——而不只是獲得授權(quán)的汽車(chē)公司——生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車(chē),。實(shí)際上，他們是想在特斯拉開(kāi)始在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)之前,，進(jìn)一步鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)汽車(chē)公司向特斯拉發(fā)起競(jìng)爭(zhēng),。

????這個(gè)消息最直接的意義是，曾經(jīng)買(mǎi)下破產(chǎn)的美國(guó)菲斯克汽車(chē)公司（Fisker Automotive）的萬(wàn)象集團(tuán)（Wanxiang Group）將獲得授權(quán),，竭盡全力與特斯拉抗衡,。蘋(píng)果公司（Apple）供應(yīng)商富士康科技集團(tuán)（Foxconn Technology Group）也表明，它已經(jīng)開(kāi)始進(jìn)軍電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域,。

????特斯拉在中國(guó)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)正應(yīng)了一句古話：“天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐”,。今年早些時(shí)候，埃隆?穆斯克在上海與一些有意向的政府官員舉行了會(huì)面,，同時(shí)借有可能與特斯拉合作建設(shè)充電站的兩家國(guó)有電力公司抬高了自己的身價(jià),。這些聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎是好消息，但其中沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)是,，特斯拉為了在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)可能需要放棄一些東西,。

????關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵人才是特斯拉之所以成為特斯拉的核心，而中國(guó)方面想得到的也正是這些,。要想在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)獲利,，特斯拉可能需要對(duì)這些予以割讓?zhuān)辽偈歉钭屍渲幸徊糠帧?/p>

????更改法規(guī)的消息加劇了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，但特斯拉面臨的更大挑戰(zhàn)是：中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手獲取它的技術(shù),。

????《財(cái)富》雜志5月份的一篇文章寫(xiě)道：

????“想象一下：中國(guó)的汽車(chē)公司開(kāi)始模仿特斯拉的電池創(chuàng)新,，然后以比特斯拉低得多的價(jià)格出售電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。對(duì)此特斯拉很可能將無(wú)計(jì)可施,?！?/p>

????中國(guó)市場(chǎng)向更多的特斯拉競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手開(kāi)放，這或許是針對(duì)埃隆?穆斯克和他的高科技汽車(chē)公司的第一項(xiàng)舉動(dòng)。而之后,，特斯拉還將面臨更多挑戰(zhàn),。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：朱毓芬/汪皓

????Tesla’s plan to build cars in China in three to four years struck some observers as hugely ambitious—even a bit reckless— when founder and billionaire Elon Musk announced the intentions this spring in Beijing.

????Experts focused on two points. First, that Tesla has to form a joint venture with a Chinese manufacturer before it can sell Chinese-made cars in China. Because the Chinese government’s rules notoriously favor the home team in a joint-venture, Tesla might be forced to give up valuable trade secrets or at least make decisions that aren’t in its favor.

????Second, skeptics pointed out, Tesla must build a charging network in China from scratch that also requires joint ventures and government support. If the Chinese government decides to favor one type of charging station over Tesla’s, they can easily do so and force Tesla to spend hundreds of millions, even billions, on an uncertain market.

????Barely three months after Musk’s announcement, a government rule change in China shows the long road Tesla faces in China.

????Bloomberg News reported that a state-run research center wants to allow any types of Chinese companies to produce electric-vehicles— not just automakers licensed to do so. They want, in effect, to supercharge Chinese competition against Tesla before it starts producing its cars in the country.

????Most directly, the news means that Wanxiang Group, the Chinese company that bought the bankrupt Fisker Automotive in the U.S., would have license to charge full-bore against Tesla. Foxconn Technology Group, the Apple-supplier, also said it’s getting into electric cars.

????Tesla’s challenge in China follows the old axiom: ‘there’s no such thing as a free lunch.’ Though it sounded like good news when Elon Musk met receptive government officials in Shanghai earlier this year and name-dropped two state-owned power companies that Tesla might cooperate with to build charging stations, left unsaid was what Tesla might give up to build cars in China.

????Key technology, key people, the core of what makes a Tesla a Tesla—it’s what China wants and likely what Tesla will need to cede, at least partially, to make the China market a profitable endeavor.

????News of the rule change increases competition, but it doesn’t address the bigger challenge Tesla faces: Chinese competitors gaining its technology.

????As Fortune wrote in May,

????“You can imagine a scenario where Chinese companies start emulating Tesla’s battery innovations and then sell their vehicles for much less than Tesla’s sticker price. Tesla would likely have little recourse.”

????News of China’s market opening to more Tesla competitors may be the first of many moves challenging Elon Musk and his high-tech automaker.