美國(guó)的人均壽命已經(jīng)是連續(xù)第二年下滑了。

美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防和控制中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）的分支機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心（National Center for Health Statistics）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,，美國(guó)人2016年的預(yù)期壽命是78.6歲,，較前一年下滑0.1%。盡管跌幅較小,，但卻具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義,。報(bào)告指出，這一下滑很大程度上是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)類(lèi)鴉片藥物的日益流行所致——2016年因?yàn)槲具^(guò)量導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)增加了21%,。

在2015年,，美國(guó)人的預(yù)期壽命二十多年來(lái)首次出現(xiàn)下滑。上一次出現(xiàn)這種情況是在1993年,，那是艾滋病最猖獗的時(shí)代,。而上一次預(yù)期壽命連續(xù)兩年下滑，還要追溯到1962年和1963年,，當(dāng)時(shí)流感導(dǎo)致了死亡數(shù)的激增,。

統(tǒng)計(jì)死亡率的機(jī)構(gòu)主管鮑勃·安德森表示，目前為止，今年的下滑還不至于被稱(chēng)為“趨勢(shì)”,，盡管他的確指出“連續(xù)兩年看到這種現(xiàn)象令人憂慮”,。此外，2017年的臨時(shí)性數(shù)據(jù)顯示,，吸毒相關(guān)的死亡數(shù)還在繼續(xù)攀升,，“如果我們不注意，”還將導(dǎo)致預(yù)期壽命連續(xù)第三年下滑,，這是100年前西班牙流感肆虐之后從未有過(guò)的,。

美國(guó)也因此成為了預(yù)期壽命下滑、死亡率攀升的少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之一,。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織（World Health Organization）的數(shù)據(jù),，2015年，加拿大,、西班牙,、意大利和日本等29個(gè)國(guó)家的新生兒預(yù)期壽命都超過(guò)了80歲。

盡管越來(lái)越多人開(kāi)始擔(dān)憂類(lèi)鴉片物質(zhì)的流行,，但2015年來(lái),，排名前十的死亡原因并未變動(dòng)。它們分別是：心臟病,、癌癥,、意外傷害、慢性下呼吸道疾病,、中風(fēng),、阿爾茨海默病、糖尿病,、流感與肺炎,、腎病和自殺。而且,，盡管整體預(yù)期壽命下滑了,，但對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)字沒(méi)有那么糟糕：女性的預(yù)期壽命依舊維持不變,，為81.1歲,，而男性則下滑到76.1歲。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：嚴(yán)匡正

For the second year in a row, American life expectancy is down.

According to data from the National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS), a branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the life expectancy for a baby born in 2016 fell to 78.6 years, which is a small but statistically significant decline of 0.1 percent. The report noted that this drop is due in large part to the growing opioid epidemic in the U.S.—mortality from drug overdoses rose by 21 percent in 2016.

The decline seen in 2015 was the first in more than two decades. The last time time there was a one-year drop was in 1993, at the height of the AIDS epidemic. With American life expectancy dropping again in 2016, this is the first multi-year drop recorded since 1962 and 1963, when influenza caused a spike in deaths.

While chief of the mortality statistics branch Bob Anderson said he wouldn’t go so far as to call this year’s decline a “trend,” he did note that it’s “concerning to see this two years in a row.” What’s more, the provisional data for 2017 indicates that drug-related deaths have continued to increase, which, “if we’re not careful” could lead to a declining life expectancy for a third year in a row, something that hasn’t been seen since the Spanish flu 100 years ago.

With these numbers, the U.S. is one of few developed countries where the life expectancy is declining and mortality increasing. According to the World Health Organization, newborns in 29 countries, including Canada, Spain, Italy, and Japan, had life expectancies over 80 years in 2015.

Despite growing concern about the opioid epidemic, the top ten leading causes of death have remained the same since 2015. They include: heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, kidney disease, and suicide. And while overall life expectancy has decreased, the numbers are slightly less grim for women: female life expectancy remained the same at 81.1 years, while it dropped to 76.1 years for men.