攝影師

????多蘿西亞?蘭格,、安妮?萊博維茨和辛迪?雪曼都是藝術愛好者中間家喻戶曉的名字,。然而，雖然在本世紀初有過女性成為偉大的攝影師,，但攝影行業(yè)一直都是男性占主導,。1983年，女性攝影師僅占到20%,。

????如今,，據(jù)2012年勞工統(tǒng)計局的報告顯示，攝影師職業(yè)已經(jīng)達到性別平衡,。然而,，數(shù)量上的平衡并沒有帶動薪酬的變化。據(jù)美國國家藝術基金（National Endowment for the Arts）2008年公布的一份報告顯示,，截至2005年,，男性攝影師的平均收入為35,000美元。而女性攝影師的收入則還不足男性的一半,，僅有16,300美元,。

調酒師

????二戰(zhàn)期間，男人要上戰(zhàn)場打仗,，于是女性開始進入許多行業(yè),。調酒師便是其中之一,。但當士兵們凱旋歸來之后，他們又希望重操舊業(yè),，還成功說服個別州制定法律,，禁止女性在酒吧從業(yè)。事實上,，1971年,，加州禁止女性調酒師的法律就已經(jīng)被廢除。據(jù)勞工統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)計,，截至1983年,，約一半調酒師為女性。

????目前,，雖然酒店業(yè)仍然以男性為主,，但全美酒吧招待中女性的數(shù)量卻要多于男性。勞工統(tǒng)計局2012年的報告稱,，約60%的美國調酒師是女性,。而隨著雞尾酒的出現(xiàn)和現(xiàn)代調酒運動的發(fā)展，調酒師這個職業(yè)的技術含量也越來越高,。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進龍/汪皓

Photographers

????Dorothea Lange, Annie Leibovitz, and Cindy Sherman are household names to the art-friendly. But while women have trained as great photographers since the turn of the 20th century, photography has been a predominately male profession. In 1983, only 20% of photographers were women.

????Today, the gender balance in the job is about 50/50, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. That 50/50 split does not extend to pay, though. According to a report released in 2008 by the National Endowment for the Arts, the median income for male photographers, as of 2005, was $35,000. The median income for female photographers was less than half as much, $16,300.

Bartenders

????Bartending was among the many professions that women took on when men were drafted to fight in World War II. Upon returning home, however, soldiers wanted their old jobs back, and they successfully lobbied for laws in several states that banned women from tending bar. In fact, California's law prohibiting female bartenders was only repealed in 1971. As of 1983, almost half of all bartenders were female, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

????Today, while the restaurant industry is male-dominated, there are more female barkeeps than men, nationwide. About 60% of American bartenders are women, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. The trade, overall, is becoming increasingly technical, thanks to the rise of the cocktail and the modern mixology movement.