????因此,，這位億萬富豪認(rèn)為,，年輕人應(yīng)該自己去創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會,。但許多小企業(yè)正發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在今天的市場上獲得融資。各大銀行不愿意在沒有重要抵押品的情況下提供貸款,。聯(lián)邦存款保險公司（the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation）發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,，去年，向年?duì)I收規(guī)模不超過100萬美元的小企業(yè)提供的貸款數(shù)額僅增加了不到半個百分點(diǎn),。

????在這方面以及許多其他方面,，這位億萬富豪的兒子都擁有一個優(yōu)勢：那就是他是一位億萬富豪的兒子。

????據(jù)《精神水平:為什么平等造就更強(qiáng)大的社會》（The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone）作者理查德?威爾金森所說,，與其他領(lǐng)先經(jīng)濟(jì)體相比,，目前美國父母收入與子女收入之間存在更為直接的相關(guān)關(guān)系。

????如果不是出生于一個較高階層的家庭，美國年輕人現(xiàn)在比以往任何時候都更難在經(jīng)濟(jì)階梯往上爬,。皮尤研究中心（the Pew Research Center）發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示,，由35歲以下成年人為戶主的美國典型家庭的資產(chǎn)凈值現(xiàn)在與1984年同年齡戶主家庭相比減少了68％，而在中產(chǎn)階層家庭長大的美國人當(dāng)中,，現(xiàn)在有三分之一在成年時已經(jīng)跌出中產(chǎn)階層,。此外，由35歲以下成年人為戶主的美國家庭當(dāng)中有37％的資產(chǎn)凈值為零,，甚至小于零,。

????我們?yōu)槭裁礋o法超越這些障礙呢？答案是政策,。

????20世紀(jì)80年代以來實(shí)施的一系列政策有系統(tǒng)地切斷了美國年輕成年人攀登經(jīng)濟(jì)階梯的機(jī)會,，其中包括減少教育補(bǔ)貼，有利于業(yè)主和投資者的稅率,，以及中等收入階層的工資下滑,。我們沒有給予美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和未來前景以足夠的關(guān)注。相反,，我們花費(fèi)了大量的時間來為嬰兒潮一代的退休買單,，以及保護(hù)深蒂固的游說團(tuán)體。金融危機(jī)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這些政策對千禧一代造成的影響——美國超富階層和其他所有人之間已經(jīng)形成一個根深蒂固的鴻溝,。

????一位硅谷億萬富豪或許無法與這一切都有關(guān)系,。別忘了，這位科技巨頭屬于嬰兒潮一代,，他們已經(jīng)從運(yùn)行更加良好的美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中獲得了好處,。他的孩子正搭乘這個成功的順風(fēng)車——他們這么做沒錯。但是,，這位億萬富豪和大企業(yè)對美國千禧世代大多數(shù)年輕人所面臨的困境忽略得越久,，千禧世代對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的拖累也就越久，而新科技帶來的潛在增長也就會放慢腳步,。最終,，科技熱潮能夠取得多少成功，完全取決于Y世代能夠取得多少成功,。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????瑞福?佛洛依莫維奇是一位作者,，著有《美好生活的結(jié)束：金融危機(jī)如何威脅失落的一代——我們?yōu)榇四茏鲂┦裁础芬粫?/em>

????So, go and create your own job, the billionaire argues. But many small businesses are finding it hard to get financing in today's market. Banks are unwilling to lend without significant collateral. Data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation shows that loans to businesses for $1 million or less has increased by less than half a percentage point in the last year.

????On this front, and many others, the billionaire's son has the advantage of, well, being a billionaire's son.

????Parental income is more directly correlated with children's income in the U.S. than in any other leading economy, according to Richard Wilkinson, author of The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone.

????It is harder than ever for young people to climb the economic ladder if they weren't born at a higher rung. The net worth of a typical household headed by an adult under the age of 35 is now 68% less than households headed by same-age counterparts in 1984, and a third of Americans raised in the middle class now fall out of it as adults, according to the Pew Research Center. Moreover, 37% of United States households led by someone under the age of 35 have a net worth of zero or less than zero.

????Why can't we surpass these hurdles? The answer is policy.

????Policies implemented since the 1980s have systematically cut off opportunities for young adults to move up the economic ladder, including reduced subsidies for education, tax rates that favor homeowners and investors, and declining middle-income salaries. We are not focusing enough on growth and the future. Instead, we are spending significant time on paying for Baby Boomers' retirement and protecting entrenched lobby groups. The financial crisis has made the impact of these policies -- an inveterate divide between the very rich and everyone else – even harsher for millennials.

????Maybe a Silicon Valley billionaire cannot relate to all of this. After all, this particular tech titan is a Baby Boomer who has benefited from a healthier economy. His children are riding off of that success, as they should. But the longer the billionaire and big business ignore the plight of most millennials in the U.S., the longer millennials will weigh on the economy and slow down the potential growth afforded by new technologies. In the end, the technology boom can only be as successful as Generation Y.

????Riva Froymovich is the author of End of The Good Life: How the Financial Crisis Threatens a Lost Generation -- and What We Can Do About It.