????對(duì)于近來(lái)已造成美國(guó)政府關(guān)閉15天的這場(chǎng)政治混戰(zhàn),，如今看來(lái)最可能的結(jié)果是對(duì)美債上限進(jìn)行短期調(diào)整,。但國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund）總裁克里斯蒂娜?拉加德周二表示，即便美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)能批準(zhǔn)調(diào)高美債上限,，也絲毫不能打消外界對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的質(zhì)疑,。

????拉加德警告稱，如果采取權(quán)益之計(jì),，將來(lái)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)終將“重頭再來(lái)”,。再過(guò)兩天美國(guó)就將喪失償還債務(wù)能力，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)看起來(lái)可能很快就會(huì)達(dá)成一致,，暫時(shí)讓美國(guó)政府重新開(kāi)門,，并將借款授權(quán)至少再延續(xù)幾個(gè)月。拉加德表示,，這將不可避免地“重新點(diǎn)燃(幾周來(lái)困擾全球政策制定者的)不安,、緊張與焦慮的情緒”。

????拉加德是周二晚間在華盛頓出席《財(cái)富》（Fortune）最具影響力女性峰會(huì)時(shí)發(fā)表上述講話的,。與此同時(shí),，華盛頓僵局毫無(wú)緩解跡象。她警告稱,，如果議員們找不到一種避免突破債務(wù)上限的方法,，可能觸發(fā)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂?！斑@是可能發(fā)生的最嚴(yán)重事件,，”拉加德說(shuō)?！叭绻惶幚?，不解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，結(jié)果將非常非常嚴(yán)重——不只是對(duì)美國(guó),?！?/p>

????發(fā)表上述評(píng)論前,，拉加德近期曾公開(kāi)警告稱，不能達(dá)成一致將“對(duì)整個(gè)世界造成巨大傷害”,。其他全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也應(yīng)和了她的擔(dān)憂,。在上周末進(jìn)行的IMF年度會(huì)議上，約300名財(cái)長(zhǎng)和各大央行行長(zhǎng)被召集在一起探討如何增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,。但他們探討的并不是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)脆弱的增長(zhǎng)前景,，“他們滿腦子都是美國(guó)（債務(wù)上限之爭(zhēng)）何時(shí)結(jié)束？”

????周二在談到歐洲政治進(jìn)程時(shí),，拉加德帶來(lái)了一些令人振奮的消息,。她說(shuō)：“馬里奧?德拉基（歐洲央行行長(zhǎng)）的工作極其出色?！痹噲D將18個(gè)國(guó)家用單一貨幣和單一的財(cái)政政策組合連結(jié)起來(lái),，難度可想而知。她大笑著說(shuō)道：“這可不容易,?！钡a(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“他們不會(huì)因?yàn)槿狈τ職饩头攀植还堋Ｋ麄冏罱K會(huì)鼓起勇氣來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn),。這是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn),。”

????至于美國(guó),，拉加德支持雙管齊下：“我簡(jiǎn)單概括為,，一快一慢,?！薄耙豢臁笔侵敢杆俨扇⌒袆?dòng)，控制必要的支出項(xiàng)目和通脹,?！叭绻徊扇∪魏涡袆?dòng)，這些問(wèn)題將會(huì)在2020年困擾美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì),，”拉加德表示,。而“一慢”是指不要進(jìn)行太大范圍或太過(guò)激進(jìn)的支出縮減，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,。

????拉加德表示,，失業(yè)將越來(lái)越成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的問(wèn)題。美國(guó)的狀況自此次危機(jī)以來(lái)已有顯著改善,。失業(yè)率已經(jīng)從10%下降到了7.3%,。但增長(zhǎng)仍舊脆弱，特別是對(duì)于一個(gè)快速轉(zhuǎn)變的經(jīng)濟(jì),?！拔艺J(rèn)為,，我們正在面臨巨大轉(zhuǎn)變，”她說(shuō),，未來(lái)“（美國(guó)人）最能夠充分就業(yè),。否則，我們將不僅僅面對(duì)臨經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題,，還將面對(duì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題?！?/p>

????拉加德是八國(guó)集團(tuán)（G8）成員國(guó)中的首位女性財(cái)長(zhǎng),，并于2011年成為IMF首位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。她曾經(jīng)表示不希望在公司董事會(huì)中為女性設(shè)置配額,，但后來(lái)她改變這個(gè)立場(chǎng),。她說(shuō)：“你看,，這種做法起到了效果?！钡瑫r(shí)也表示：“配額不應(yīng)成為長(zhǎng)期存在,，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢宰龅帽冗@更好?！?/p>

????在推動(dòng)女性政策大步發(fā)展前,，拉加德的經(jīng)歷也很多姿多彩。她曾經(jīng)在美國(guó)惡魔島（Alcatraz Island）監(jiān)獄短暫地?fù)?dān)任過(guò)一段時(shí)間的法國(guó)游客導(dǎo)游,，曾經(jīng)被法國(guó)一所精英學(xué)校兩度拒絕(一次是因?yàn)樗粔蛴眯模骸澳悄晡覒賽?ài)了”,還有一次是因?yàn)樗e(cuò)過(guò)了截止日期),，她還是一位受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的花樣游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。游泳那段日子給她帶來(lái)的啟示是：“咬緊牙關(guān),，面露微笑,。”

????這個(gè)技巧在近年的政治環(huán)境中無(wú)疑非常管用,。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）? ?

????A short-term debt-ceiling fix now appears to be the most likely outcome of the prolonged political mud fight that has shut down the government for the last 15 days. But even if lawmakers do manage to pass an extension, it will do little to resolve the larger questions over U.S. economic leadership, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Christine Lagarde said Tuesday.

????Lagarde warned that a stopgap measure would bring lawmakers "back to the drawing board once again." With only two more days to go before the nation loses the ability to manage its debts, Congress appears to be lurching toward a deal that would temporarily reopen the government and extend the country's borrowing authority for at least a few more months. That, Lagarde said, will inevitably "reactivate the same sort of trepidation and anxiety and worry" that has gripped world policy makers for weeks already.

????Lagarde spoke at Fortune's Most Powerful Women Summit in D.C. on Tuesday night against a backdrop of so-far unyielding partisan gridlock in Washington. She warned that if lawmakers cannot find a way to avoid a debt-ceiling breach, it could trigger global economic chaos. "It's the most serious thing that could happen," Lagarde said. "If it's not addressed, if it's not tackled, it will be very, very damaging – not only for the U.S."

????Lagarde's comments come after her recent public warnings that failure to reach a deal would wreak "massive disruption the world over." Other world leaders have echoed her concerns. During the IMF's annual meetings this weekend some 300 ministers of finance and governors of major central banks convened to talk about how to bolster the recovery. But instead of talking about the global economy's fragile growth prospects, "The only thing that was on their mind was, 'When is this [debt-ceiling fight] going to end?'"

????Lagarde Tuesday had more cheerful things to say about the European political process. "Mario Draghi [president of the European Central Bank] has done an extraordinary job," she said. Trying to unite 18 countries with a single currency and a single set of fiscal policies, is incredibly difficult: "It's a job," she cracked. But she added, "they're not going to let it drop like that because of lack of courage. The courage will eventually be there to respond to the challenge. It's a huge challenge."

????As for the U.S., Lagarde espouses a two-pronged approach: "I summarize it for my simple mind as, slow down but hurry up." "Hurry up" by taking measures quickly to rein in entitlement spending and inflation. Those issues "will come to haunt the economy in 2020 if nothing is done before," Lagarde said. And "slow down" by not making any cuts so sweeping or drastic that they would thwart a recovery.

????Unemployment will be an increasingly critical issue, Lagarde said. There has been marked progress in the U.S. since the crisis. The unemployment rate has fallen from 10% to 7.3%. But gains are still fragile, particularly in a rapidly changing economy. "I think we are facing huge transitions," she said. Going forward, "[Americans] had better have jobs, otherwise we're not just facing economic problems, we'll be facing social problems."

????Lagarde was the first woman appointed finance minister in a G8 country, and became the first female chief of the IMF in 2011. She has spoken previously about not wanting quotas for women on corporate boards, though she later reversed her stance. "Look it's working," she said. But she added that "quotas should not be a long-lasting feature because we can do better than that."

????Even before she was making strides for women in the policy world, Lagarde had a colorful history. She was briefly a guide for French tourists at Alcatraz Island prison, got turned down from an elite French school twice (once because she was distracted: "I was in love that year," and once because she missed the deadline), and she was an accomplished synchronized swimmer. The takeaway from her swimming days: "Grit your teeth and smile."

????In politics lately, it's a skill that has no doubt proved particularly useful.