????巴西眼下陷入了困境,。盡管這個(gè)國(guó)家不僅擁有豐富的自然資源,，同時(shí)還是全球最具實(shí)力的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)國(guó)之一，但它極度缺乏它的經(jīng)濟(jì)賴以增長(zhǎng)的人力資源,，即技術(shù)工人,。

????過去20年間，巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)迅速,，取得了“美國(guó)歷經(jīng)200年才獲得的成就,，”美國(guó)駐巴西大使托馬斯?香農(nóng)贊嘆道。他最近剛剛結(jié)束華盛頓駐巴西利亞首席外交官的任期,，現(xiàn)擔(dān)任國(guó)務(wù)卿約翰?克里的高級(jí)顧問,。

????巴西是世界第六大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，是世界農(nóng)產(chǎn)品（糖,、咖啡,、柑桔、牛肉,、家禽和大豆）和工業(yè)制成品（從飛機(jī)到疫苗）的頭號(hào)出口國(guó),，而且有望很快躋身全球最大的石油供應(yīng)國(guó)之列。

????但經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛增速已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了為提供高質(zhì)量,、低門檻教育而融資辦學(xué)的速度,，而學(xué)校肩負(fù)著為巴西培養(yǎng)合格工人的職責(zé)。這種情況導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是：技術(shù)和知識(shí)工人嚴(yán)重缺乏，難以滿足巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要,。

????主辦今年世界杯和2016年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成本不斷攀升,，進(jìn)一步加大了巴西的財(cái)政壓力。巴西已經(jīng)投入巨資興建體育場(chǎng)館和其他公共設(shè)施,，以容納觀賞國(guó)際賽事的游客（巴西政府希望游客數(shù)量能夠達(dá)到數(shù)百萬人次）,。這些準(zhǔn)備工作預(yù)計(jì)將耗費(fèi)超過1萬億美元的公共和私人資金。

????巴西最有影響力的企業(yè)和行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)羅布森?布拉加?安德拉德指出,，這項(xiàng)體育盛事的準(zhǔn)備工作依然在全天候進(jìn)行,，里約熱內(nèi)盧和其他城市都籠罩在建設(shè)工地的灰塵之中。身為巴西能源和自動(dòng)化集成系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商ORTENG Equipamentos e Sistemas公司總裁,，安德拉德已經(jīng)成為一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人才發(fā)掘者,。像許多巴西雇主一樣，他時(shí)常在國(guó)內(nèi)和外國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)物色合適的工人,。他說：“我們亟需工程師,。”

????盡管巴西自稱已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了充分就業(yè),，起重機(jī)和推土設(shè)備在全國(guó)各地隨處可見,，但很多人都掉隊(duì)了。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)和世界銀行(World Bank )估計(jì),，有超過四分之一的巴西人生活在貧困線附近或貧困線上（婦女,，青年和小農(nóng)戶是最脆弱的群體），不僅喝不上清潔水,，就連污水處理和郵件傳遞等基本服務(wù)也無法享受,。巴西現(xiàn)有的電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)、通信電網(wǎng),、道路,、軌道交通，機(jī)場(chǎng)和海港都嚴(yán)重不足,，根本滿足不了它當(dāng)前的需要,。

????包括安德拉德在內(nèi)的巴西雇主希望扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢(shì)?！白尭咧休z學(xué)生接受職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)將促使他們努力學(xué)習(xí),，獲得文憑?！?安德拉德同時(shí)還是巴西全國(guó)工業(yè)培訓(xùn)服務(wù)的負(fù)責(zé)人,，他希望今年能夠讓超過400萬名學(xué)員進(jìn)入就業(yè)市場(chǎng)。他列舉了許多因缺乏技術(shù)人才而陷于困境部門,，比如石油,、天然氣,、土木建筑和制造業(yè)。這些有著千絲萬縷聯(lián)系的行業(yè)輕輕松松就能消化幾百萬合格工人,。

????Brazil is in a bind. It has a wealth of natural resources and is among the most powerful industrial producers in the world, but the nation's economic growth hinges on skilled workers it doesn't have.

????The country has grown fast, achieving in the past 20 years what "it took the United States to accomplish in 200 years," marvels Ambassador Thomas Shannon, who recently finished his tour as Washington's top envoy to Brasilia and now serves as a senior advisor to Secretary of State John Kerry.

????The world's sixth largest economy, Brazil is a top exporter of farm products (sugar, coffee, oranges, beef, poultry, soy) and manufactured goods (from airplanes to vaccines) and it may join the ranks of the world's biggest oil suppliers before long.

????But rapid development has far outpaced financing for quality and accessible schools that can turn out work-ready Brazilians. The result: a dearth of skills and knowledge to satisfy economic demand.

????Intensifying the pressure are the escalating costs of hosting this year's World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Brazil has made huge investments in stadiums and other public facilities to accommodate the millions of tourists it hopes to attract to the international games. The drawdown on public and private funds combined is expected to exceed $1 trillion.

????Preparation for the two sporting events continues 24/7, with Rio and other cities blanketed in construction project dust, according to Robson Braga de Andrade, who heads Brazil's most influential business and industry association. As president of ORTENG Equipamentos e Sistemas, a Brazilian provider of integrated energy and automation systems, Andrade has become a seasoned talent scout. Like many Brazilian employers, he scours domestic and foreign labor markets for the right workers: "We are in desperate need of engineers," he says.

????Despite Brazil's claims of full employment, and cranes and earthmoving equipment that dot the nation's landscape, many people have been left behind. United Nations and World Bank data estimates that more than a quarter of the country's population lives near or at the poverty line (women, youth, and small farmers are the most vulnerable) with no access to clean water, sewage treatment, or even mail delivery. And Brazil's existing power networks, communications grids, roadways, mass transit, airports, and seaports are all grossly inadequate to meet the country's current needs.

????Andrade and his fellow employers want to reverse this trend. "Enrolling high school dropouts in vocational training," he says, "will prompt them to work for their diploma." Andrade oversees the national industrial training service and hopes to prepare upwards of four million trainees this year. He ticks off the many sectors -- oil, gas, civil construction, manufacturing, all inextricably linked -- stymied by skills shortages that can easily absorb millions of qualified workers.