目前,美國的教育行業(yè)面臨危機(jī),。美國老師工資低,、學(xué)校融資與財產(chǎn)稅掛鉤,、缺少全國統(tǒng)一的課程表,這些因素導(dǎo)致美國的初級教育一盤散沙,。今年的新冠疫情則讓這種情況進(jìn)一步惡化,,老師們措手不及,無奈只能遠(yuǎn)程授課,。
在高等教育領(lǐng)域,,即使在新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前,學(xué)費(fèi)高漲已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致入學(xué)人數(shù)減少,。新冠疫情只是加快了這個趨勢,。

因此,美國教育行業(yè)需要新的范式,,而人工智能則是解決問題的答案之一,。
人類自古以來都知道,由經(jīng)驗豐富的教育工作者進(jìn)行一對一授課才是最好的教育,。但這種教育過程成本高昂,,勞動強(qiáng)度大,無法擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,。結(jié)果就是課堂授課盡管有明顯的缺點(diǎn),,但依舊延續(xù)了幾個世紀(jì)。
四十年前,,基于專家系統(tǒng)的所謂自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的出現(xiàn)令人激動不已,。這種概念采用精心設(shè)計的“if-then”決策樹,學(xué)生可以按照課程專家編制的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),。但構(gòu)建專家系統(tǒng)需要的知識基礎(chǔ),會耗費(fèi)大量時間而且成本高昂,,因此也無法推而廣之,。
從自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)誕生至今,人工智能技術(shù)已經(jīng)有了長足的進(jìn)步,。因此研究人員開始了解大腦的學(xué)習(xí)方式,,并將這種知識應(yīng)用到能夠自主學(xué)習(xí)的算法網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這些方法反過來被用來開發(fā)軟件,,以方便學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí),,提升學(xué)生的參與度。學(xué)生可以在線上與人工智能教師互動,。這些軟件系統(tǒng)能給所有學(xué)生個性化的關(guān)注,。突然之間,一對一授課可以推廣開來,。
人工智能教師非常有耐心,。而且人工智能授課不是靠猜測或直覺,,而是基于數(shù)據(jù)。學(xué)習(xí)算法能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)每一位學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)模式,,伴生算法則會相應(yīng)地優(yōu)化教學(xué)策略,。
誕生于斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的初創(chuàng)公司Kidaptive有一個面向兒童的自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)平臺。該平臺會生動地描繪學(xué)習(xí)者的技能,、興趣愛好和在不同產(chǎn)品上的活動,。這些信息與實(shí)時評估相結(jié)合,用于提供個性化的教育內(nèi)容,,例如在iPad或其他觸屏設(shè)備上通過動畫故事進(jìn)行交互式授課,。
我創(chuàng)立的公司Riiid通過人工智能輔導(dǎo)應(yīng)用程序Santa,幫助100萬學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備英語等級考試,。我們正在為美國,、南美洲、中東和亞洲等地的教育公司,、校區(qū)和國家政府開發(fā)人工智能驅(qū)動平臺,。其他公司也準(zhǔn)備在未來幾個月發(fā)布人工智能輔導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,這些系統(tǒng)對學(xué)生成績的提升效果優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)課堂授課,,甚至超過接受家庭教師輔導(dǎo)的效果。
生成式對抗神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展和人工智能驅(qū)動的動畫,,能生成逼真的形象,,很快將為人工智能教師換上一副友好的面孔。智能音箱也將提供由人工智能驅(qū)動的課程,。如今美國家庭里的智能音箱已經(jīng)多達(dá)數(shù)百萬臺,。這并不是幻想或者科幻小說。雖然這一切才剛剛起步,,但轉(zhuǎn)變正在發(fā)生,。
未來,老師不會消失,,但繁重的教學(xué)工作大部分將不復(fù)存在,。人工智能驅(qū)動的應(yīng)用程序不僅可以用于評分(每一位老師最討厭的事),還能收集在普通教學(xué)模式中會消失的有用數(shù)據(jù),。
人工智能平臺Bakpax利用計算機(jī)視覺技術(shù)閱讀學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)并自動評分,。Gradescope可以將家庭作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字格式,通過快速評分等工具為教師提供輔助,。這兩個系統(tǒng)都會采集學(xué)生表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),。在傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式中,這些數(shù)據(jù)最終會被扔到垃圾桶。而人工智能系統(tǒng)對這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析后,,能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)有用的規(guī)律,,老師可以利用這些規(guī)律調(diào)整授課方法或教學(xué)大綱,從而優(yōu)化教學(xué)效果,。
最重要的是,,人工智能教師向教育民主化邁進(jìn)了一步。最終,,任何家長只要可以上網(wǎng),,就能給孩子有效的、個性化的學(xué)習(xí)體驗,,不受地域的限制,。
人工智能還有助于設(shè)計高等教育課程,以提高畢業(yè)生成功就業(yè)的幾率,,而保證畢業(yè)生順利找到工作也是吸引學(xué)生和證明高學(xué)費(fèi)物有所值的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),。
因此,現(xiàn)在的教育比以前任何時候都需要這種解決方案,。目前新冠疫情仍在肆虐,,而且今年秋天感染人數(shù)可能激增,所以未來仍舊要以在線授課為主,。
一些知名大學(xué)推出的網(wǎng)上課程可以免費(fèi)上課,,或者只需要支付很少的學(xué)費(fèi),而且能夠授予四年學(xué)位,。項目組合將取代學(xué)術(shù)能力,,成為許多潛在雇主最看重的指標(biāo)。近幾年,,許多學(xué)校依靠國際學(xué)生支付的全額學(xué)費(fèi)支撐著脆弱的財務(wù)狀況,,但疫情減少了這部分收入。
有分析師預(yù)測,,隨著規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校合并或關(guān)閉,,高校將迎來合并潮。目前美國約有4,000所高校,,未來十年這個數(shù)量可能減半。
教育管理者需要探索人工智能驅(qū)動的可用解決方案,,提供優(yōu)質(zhì)教育,,同時保護(hù)教職人員和學(xué)生;完善課程,,根據(jù)政府和私營行業(yè)的需求提供教育內(nèi)容,;并優(yōu)化學(xué)校的預(yù)算,制定學(xué)校維持生存的長期計劃。同時,,家長對此也需要重視起來,。
教育是健康經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。教育公平對于保證社會凝聚力至關(guān)重要,。解決美國教育制度問題的工具已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)?,F(xiàn)在只是缺少相關(guān)的計劃。(財富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者YJ Jang是人工智能教育公司Riiid的首席執(zhí)行官兼創(chuàng)始人,。該公司開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)可支持線上和線下學(xué)習(xí),。
譯者:Biz
目前,美國的教育行業(yè)面臨危機(jī),。美國老師工資低,、學(xué)校融資與財產(chǎn)稅掛鉤、缺少全國統(tǒng)一的課程表,,這些因素導(dǎo)致美國的初級教育一盤散沙,。今年的新冠疫情則讓這種情況進(jìn)一步惡化,老師們措手不及,,無奈只能遠(yuǎn)程授課,。
在高等教育領(lǐng)域,即使在新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前,,學(xué)費(fèi)高漲已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致入學(xué)人數(shù)減少,。新冠疫情只是加快了這個趨勢。
因此,,美國教育行業(yè)需要新的范式,,而人工智能則是解決問題的答案之一。
人類自古以來都知道,,由經(jīng)驗豐富的教育工作者進(jìn)行一對一授課才是最好的教育,。但這種教育過程成本高昂,勞動強(qiáng)度大,,無法擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,。結(jié)果就是課堂授課盡管有明顯的缺點(diǎn),但依舊延續(xù)了幾個世紀(jì),。
四十年前,,基于專家系統(tǒng)的所謂自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的出現(xiàn)令人激動不已。這種概念采用精心設(shè)計的“if-then”決策樹,,學(xué)生可以按照課程專家編制的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),。但構(gòu)建專家系統(tǒng)需要的知識基礎(chǔ),會耗費(fèi)大量時間而且成本高昂,,因此也無法推而廣之,。
從自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)誕生至今,,人工智能技術(shù)已經(jīng)有了長足的進(jìn)步。因此研究人員開始了解大腦的學(xué)習(xí)方式,,并將這種知識應(yīng)用到能夠自主學(xué)習(xí)的算法網(wǎng)絡(luò),。這些方法反過來被用來開發(fā)軟件,以方便學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí),,提升學(xué)生的參與度,。學(xué)生可以在線上與人工智能教師互動。這些軟件系統(tǒng)能給所有學(xué)生個性化的關(guān)注,。突然之間,,一對一授課可以推廣開來。
人工智能教師非常有耐心,。而且人工智能授課不是靠猜測或直覺,,而是基于數(shù)據(jù)。學(xué)習(xí)算法能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)每一位學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)模式,,伴生算法則會相應(yīng)地優(yōu)化教學(xué)策略,。
誕生于斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的初創(chuàng)公司Kidaptive有一個面向兒童的自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)平臺。該平臺會生動地描繪學(xué)習(xí)者的技能,、興趣愛好和在不同產(chǎn)品上的活動,。這些信息與實(shí)時評估相結(jié)合,用于提供個性化的教育內(nèi)容,,例如在iPad或其他觸屏設(shè)備上通過動畫故事進(jìn)行交互式授課,。
我創(chuàng)立的公司Riiid通過人工智能輔導(dǎo)應(yīng)用程序Santa,幫助100萬學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備英語等級考試,。我們正在為美國,、南美洲、中東和亞洲等地的教育公司,、校區(qū)和國家政府開發(fā)人工智能驅(qū)動平臺,。其他公司也準(zhǔn)備在未來幾個月發(fā)布人工智能輔導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,這些系統(tǒng)對學(xué)生成績的提升效果優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)課堂授課,,甚至超過接受家庭教師輔導(dǎo)的效果。
生成式對抗神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展和人工智能驅(qū)動的動畫,,能生成逼真的形象,,很快將為人工智能教師換上一副友好的面孔。智能音箱也將提供由人工智能驅(qū)動的課程,。如今美國家庭里的智能音箱已經(jīng)多達(dá)數(shù)百萬臺,。這并不是幻想或者科幻小說。雖然這一切才剛剛起步,,但轉(zhuǎn)變正在發(fā)生。
未來,老師不會消失,,但繁重的教學(xué)工作大部分將不復(fù)存在,。人工智能驅(qū)動的應(yīng)用程序不僅可以用于評分(每一位老師最討厭的事),還能收集在普通教學(xué)模式中會消失的有用數(shù)據(jù),。
人工智能平臺Bakpax利用計算機(jī)視覺技術(shù)閱讀學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)并自動評分,。Gradescope可以將家庭作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字格式,通過快速評分等工具為教師提供輔助,。這兩個系統(tǒng)都會采集學(xué)生表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),。在傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式中,這些數(shù)據(jù)最終會被扔到垃圾桶,。而人工智能系統(tǒng)對這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析后,,能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)有用的規(guī)律,老師可以利用這些規(guī)律調(diào)整授課方法或教學(xué)大綱,,從而優(yōu)化教學(xué)效果,。
最重要的是,人工智能教師向教育民主化邁進(jìn)了一步,。最終,,任何家長只要可以上網(wǎng),就能給孩子有效的,、個性化的學(xué)習(xí)體驗,,不受地域的限制。
人工智能還有助于設(shè)計高等教育課程,,以提高畢業(yè)生成功就業(yè)的幾率,,而保證畢業(yè)生順利找到工作也是吸引學(xué)生和證明高學(xué)費(fèi)物有所值的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。
因此,,現(xiàn)在的教育比以前任何時候都需要這種解決方案,。目前新冠疫情仍在肆虐,而且今年秋天感染人數(shù)可能激增,,所以未來仍舊要以在線授課為主,。
一些知名大學(xué)推出的網(wǎng)上課程可以免費(fèi)上課,或者只需要支付很少的學(xué)費(fèi),,而且能夠授予四年學(xué)位,。項目組合將取代學(xué)術(shù)能力,成為許多潛在雇主最看重的指標(biāo),。近幾年,,許多學(xué)校依靠國際學(xué)生支付的全額學(xué)費(fèi)支撐著脆弱的財務(wù)狀況,但疫情減少了這部分收入,。
有分析師預(yù)測,,隨著規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校合并或關(guān)閉,,高校將迎來合并潮。目前美國約有4,000所高校,,未來十年這個數(shù)量可能減半,。
教育管理者需要探索人工智能驅(qū)動的可用解決方案,提供優(yōu)質(zhì)教育,,同時保護(hù)教職人員和學(xué)生,;完善課程,根據(jù)政府和私營行業(yè)的需求提供教育內(nèi)容,;并優(yōu)化學(xué)校的預(yù)算,,制定學(xué)校維持生存的長期計劃。同時,,家長對此也需要重視起來,。
教育是健康經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。教育公平對于保證社會凝聚力至關(guān)重要,。解決美國教育制度問題的工具已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)?,F(xiàn)在只是缺少相關(guān)的計劃。(財富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者YJ Jang是人工智能教育公司Riiid的首席執(zhí)行官兼創(chuàng)始人,。該公司開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)可支持線上和線下學(xué)習(xí),。
譯者:Biz
U.S. education is in crisis. Poorly paid teachers, funding tied to property taxes, and the lack of a national curriculum have produced a fractured national landscape for primary education. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated that situation, forcing unprepared teachers to teach remotely.
In higher education, enrollments were dropping as tuition climbed even before the ongoing pandemic. COVID-19 has only accelerated that trend.
The country needs a new paradigm. Artificial intelligence is part of the answer.
Man has known since antiquity that the best education is delivered one-to-one by an experienced educator. But that is process is expensive and labor-intensive and cannot scale. The result is the classroom-based instruction that, despite its obvious drawbacks, has persisted for centuries.
Forty years ago, there was excitement about so-called adaptive learning based on expert systems, elaborate “if-then” decision trees that led students on a path through content compiled by subject experts. But building the knowledge bases required for such systems was time consuming and costly, and ultimately couldn’t scale.
A.I. has come a long way since the early adaptive-learning days. Researchers are beginning to understand how the brain learns and are applying that understanding to networks of algorithms that learn on their own. Those methods, in turn, are being used to build software that makes it easier and more engaging for students to study. These A.I. tutors, software systems that students interact with online, can give everyone individualized attention. Suddenly, one-on-one teaching can scale.
A.I. tutors are eternally patient. What’s more, their teaching is not based on guesswork or intuition, but on data. Learning algorithms uncover patterns about how individual students perform, and companion algorithms optimize teaching strategies accordingly.
Kidaptive, a startup out of Stanford University, has an adaptive-learning platform for children that paints a vivid picture of the learner’s skills, interests, and activity across products and over time. That information is used to personalize education with real-time assessment, such as interactive teaching through animated story lines delivered on iPads or other touch-screen devices.
My own company, Riiid, has prepared over a million students for English proficiency exams on our A.I. tutoring app, Santa. We are now developing A.I.-driven platforms for education companies, school districts, and national governments in the U.S., South America, the Middle East, and Asia. Other companies are also preparing to launch A.I. tutoring systems in the coming months.
Studies show that these systems can raise student performance well beyond the level of conventional classes and even beyond the level achieved by students who receive instruction from human tutors.
Advances in generative adversarial neural networks and A.I.-driven animation, meanwhile, are creating realistic avatars that will soon put a friendly face on A.I. tutors. Smart speakers, millions of which are already in people’s homes, will also deliver classes powered by A.I. This is not fantasy or science fiction. It is just getting started, but it is happening now.
Teachers will not disappear, but much of the drudge work of teaching will. A.I.-powered apps are not only taking over grading, the bugbear of every instructor, but are collecting meaningful data that would otherwise disappear.
Bakpax is an A.I. platform that uses computer vision to read student homework and grade it automatically. Gradescope assists teachers by converting schoolwork to digital form with tools to speed grading. Both systems collect data on student performance that would otherwise end up in the trash can. That data can, in turn, be analyzed by A.I. systems to uncover useful patterns, which teachers can use to adjust their methods or syllabi, forever optimizing their own performance.
Most importantly, A.I. tutors are a step toward democratizing education. Eventually, any parent with an Internet connection will be able to give his or her child an effective, personalized learning experience regardless of zip code.
A.I. can help, too, in shaping higher-education curricula to maximize the successful employment of graduates, which is itself a critical metric in attracting students and justifying high tuition fees.
Never has education needed these solutions more than now. With COVID-19 still going strong and a rise in infections projected this fall, instruction will continue to be largely online.
Top university courses can now be taken online for free or a fraction of the cost and commitment of a four-year degree. Project portfolios are replacing academic credentials as the most important metric for many prospective employers. In recent years, many schools turned to full-fee paying international students to shore up fragile finances, but the pandemic has cut that short.
Analysts are predicting a wave of consolidation as smaller schools merge or close altogether. America’s roughly 4,000 colleges and universities may shrink by as much as half that number within the next decade.
Education administrators need to explore available A.I.-powered solutions to deliver quality education while protecting faculty and students alike; streamline curricula and align educational offerings with government and private sector needs; and optimize budgets, building solid long-term plans for financial survival. Parents need to pay attention.
Education is the foundation of a healthy economy. Equity in education is crucial for a cohesive society. The tools exist to fix the U.S. education system. The only thing missing is a plan.
YJ Jang is CEO and founder of Riiid, an A.I. education company that builds systems to power online and offline learning.