雖然埃隆·馬斯克剛剛說(shuō)過(guò),特斯拉的估值接近萬(wàn)億美元,,但其第四季度財(cái)報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)卻很“打臉”,。特斯拉發(fā)布的第四季度財(cái)報(bào)顯示,如果沒(méi)有碳排放交易支撐,,光靠賣(mài)車(chē),、電池這些核心業(yè)務(wù),特斯拉目前仍然在虧損,。簡(jiǎn)而言之,,馬斯克并沒(méi)有展示出足夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)公司目標(biāo)的力量。如果他不能踩足利潤(rùn)的油門(mén),讓特斯拉公司像行將推出的Model S Plaid那樣加速行駛,,其投資者,、擁護(hù)者們可能很快就會(huì)失去信心。
在1月28日的特斯拉收益電話會(huì)議上,,首席執(zhí)行官馬斯克對(duì)批評(píng)人士和做空者多年來(lái)所持的“電動(dòng)汽車(chē)巨頭被嚴(yán)重高估”觀點(diǎn)表示反駁,。本周早些時(shí)候,特斯拉的市值徘徊在8800億美元左右,。在開(kāi)幕致辭中,,馬斯克給出了“證明”特斯拉市值的“粗略數(shù)字”——他預(yù)計(jì),常規(guī)車(chē)型(如Model S,、3,、X、Y系列)和熱門(mén)產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售收入約為500億美元至600億美元,,而向全自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)(FSD)的轉(zhuǎn)變將讓公司未來(lái)的銷(xiāo)售收入“再翻一番”,,多出來(lái)的500多億美元將“全部計(jì)入毛利率”。他總結(jié)道:“如果乘以20倍,,那就是1萬(wàn)億美元,。僅從汽車(chē)和全自動(dòng)駕駛功能來(lái)看,就足以證明(今天的)估值是合理的,?!?/p>
但是,特斯拉在2020年第四季度的業(yè)績(jī)并沒(méi)有顯示出達(dá)到市值1萬(wàn)億美元以上所需要的進(jìn)展速度,,甚至連現(xiàn)在的8000億美元都略顯乏力,。原因在于,特斯拉并沒(méi)有將強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)的營(yíng)收轉(zhuǎn)化為利潤(rùn),。相反,,公司利用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企避開(kāi)加州、歐盟等地區(qū)罰款的需求,,依賴(lài)于向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企出售碳排放配額以盈利,。
特斯拉宣布,2020年第四季度,,按照公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則計(jì)算的稅前收入為11.54億美元,。與2019年同期6.65億美元的虧損相比,這似乎是一個(gè)很大的進(jìn)步,。
但倘若深入研究這些數(shù)字,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這些“進(jìn)步”的背后,,是兜售碳排放配額的成果,。2020年,碳排放配額交易為特斯拉提供了共計(jì)15.8億美元的收入(幾乎可以視為全部稅前利潤(rùn)),而2019年這一數(shù)字是5.94億美元,,一年內(nèi)增翻了三倍之多,。因此,如果沒(méi)有這些碳排放收入,,特斯拉基礎(chǔ)的汽車(chē)和電池業(yè)務(wù)的利潤(rùn)將從凈虧損12.59億美元上升至凈虧損4.26億美元——這樣來(lái)看,,特斯拉并沒(méi)有在第四季度扭虧為盈。如果沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企購(gòu)買(mǎi)碳排放配額,,特斯拉將出現(xiàn)2200萬(wàn)美元的稅前虧損,。
特斯拉售賣(mài)碳排放配額達(dá)到巨額營(yíng)收,這樣的情形還能夠持續(xù)多久,?目前尚不可知,。在財(cái)報(bào)電話會(huì)議上,特斯拉的首席財(cái)務(wù)官扎克·柯克霍恩解釋道:“碳排放的銷(xiāo)售額極難預(yù)測(cè),。2020年的銷(xiāo)售額就超過(guò)了我們的預(yù)期,。”
他強(qiáng)調(diào):“銷(xiāo)售額可能會(huì)在幾個(gè)季度內(nèi)保持強(qiáng)勁,,但也可能不會(huì),。”據(jù)柯克霍恩預(yù)計(jì),,過(guò)渡期結(jié)束之后,,“就長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,碳排放銷(xiāo)售將不再是我們業(yè)務(wù)的主要組成部分”,。
特斯拉翻了近三倍的營(yíng)收,,源于其與車(chē)企菲亞特克萊斯勒(Fiat Chrysler)在歐洲達(dá)成的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。從去年開(kāi)始,,歐盟將歐洲汽車(chē)制造商生產(chǎn)的每輛車(chē)的排放要求降低了30%左右(以每輛車(chē)的平均年銷(xiāo)售量計(jì)算),。但同時(shí),歐盟允許超過(guò)這一界線的車(chē)企與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企合作,,形成“排放池”,,每輛車(chē)的排放低于界線將獲得額外的積分。而作為一家純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)企業(yè),,特斯拉擁有大量積分,。車(chē)企之間可以互相買(mǎi)賣(mài)積分,特斯拉因此得以大量盈利,。據(jù)報(bào)道,,特斯拉與菲亞特克萊斯勒的這一合作每年帶來(lái)約12億美元的收入,占到2020年特斯拉總收入的大部分,。
但特斯拉從菲亞特克萊斯勒拿到的這筆意外之財(cái)很快就會(huì)消退,,盡管具體時(shí)間還未可知,。今年1月,菲亞特克萊斯勒與法國(guó)標(biāo)志雪鐵龍集團(tuán)(Group PSA)合并,,成立了Stellantis,。作為主要電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商之一,標(biāo)志雪鐵龍已經(jīng)符合歐盟的新法規(guī),。菲亞特也早在結(jié)盟之前就宣布,,其進(jìn)軍電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的舉措將在2021年大幅減少對(duì)碳排放配額的需求,并在2022年使其獨(dú)立,。標(biāo)致雪鐵龍向來(lái)專(zhuān)注于電氣化傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和平臺(tái),,這次合并也加速了菲亞特車(chē)型向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)變。
從菲亞特克萊斯勒損失的收入,,特斯拉似乎將從本田(Honda)那里收回,,后者最近也加入了“排放池”行列。據(jù)報(bào)道,,新協(xié)議要求本田每年向特斯拉支付約1億美元,。
如果拜登政府增加奧巴馬-拜登領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的碳排放積分,特斯拉可能會(huì)得到提振,。特朗普政府限制了積分的發(fā)放,,但歐盟積分激增抵消了來(lái)自美國(guó)的不利影響,讓特斯拉的碳排放總銷(xiāo)售額翻了一番,,并在今年實(shí)現(xiàn)了盈利,。倘若美國(guó)聯(lián)邦碳排放積分增加,銷(xiāo)售額將有所提振,,但特斯拉仍然預(yù)計(jì),,在未來(lái)幾個(gè)季度之后,碳排放銷(xiāo)售將不會(huì)是其營(yíng)收大頭,。
在不久的將來(lái),,特斯拉需要做到它現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有做的事情:靠汽車(chē)和電池來(lái)盈利。利潤(rùn)的數(shù)值必須足夠向投資者證明,,特斯拉的確是一個(gè)奇跡,,它從0碼加速到60碼的速度比歷史上任何一輛車(chē)都要快。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:楊二一
雖然埃隆·馬斯克剛剛說(shuō)過(guò),,特斯拉的估值接近萬(wàn)億美元,,但其第四季度財(cái)報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)卻很“打臉”。特斯拉發(fā)布的第四季度財(cái)報(bào)顯示,,如果沒(méi)有碳排放交易支撐,,光靠賣(mài)車(chē)、電池這些核心業(yè)務(wù),,特斯拉目前仍然在虧損,。簡(jiǎn)而言之,,馬斯克并沒(méi)有展示出足夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)公司目標(biāo)的力量,。如果他不能踩足利潤(rùn)的油門(mén),,讓特斯拉公司像行將推出的Model S Plaid那樣加速行駛,其投資者,、擁護(hù)者們可能很快就會(huì)失去信心,。
在1月28日的特斯拉收益電話會(huì)議上,首席執(zhí)行官馬斯克對(duì)批評(píng)人士和做空者多年來(lái)所持的“電動(dòng)汽車(chē)巨頭被嚴(yán)重高估”觀點(diǎn)表示反駁,。本周早些時(shí)候,,特斯拉的市值徘徊在8800億美元左右。在開(kāi)幕致辭中,,馬斯克給出了“證明”特斯拉市值的“粗略數(shù)字”——他預(yù)計(jì),,常規(guī)車(chē)型(如Model S、3,、X,、Y系列)和熱門(mén)產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售收入約為500億美元至600億美元,而向全自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)(FSD)的轉(zhuǎn)變將讓公司未來(lái)的銷(xiāo)售收入“再翻一番”,,多出來(lái)的500多億美元將“全部計(jì)入毛利率”,。他總結(jié)道:“如果乘以20倍,那就是1萬(wàn)億美元,。僅從汽車(chē)和全自動(dòng)駕駛功能來(lái)看,,就足以證明(今天的)估值是合理的?!?/p>
但是,,特斯拉在2020年第四季度的業(yè)績(jī)并沒(méi)有顯示出達(dá)到市值1萬(wàn)億美元以上所需要的進(jìn)展速度,甚至連現(xiàn)在的8000億美元都略顯乏力,。原因在于,,特斯拉并沒(méi)有將強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)的營(yíng)收轉(zhuǎn)化為利潤(rùn)。相反,,公司利用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企避開(kāi)加州,、歐盟等地區(qū)罰款的需求,依賴(lài)于向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企出售碳排放配額以盈利,。
特斯拉宣布,,2020年第四季度,按照公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則計(jì)算的稅前收入為11.54億美元,。與2019年同期6.65億美元的虧損相比,,這似乎是一個(gè)很大的進(jìn)步。
但倘若深入研究這些數(shù)字,,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這些“進(jìn)步”的背后,,是兜售碳排放配額的成果,。2020年,碳排放配額交易為特斯拉提供了共計(jì)15.8億美元的收入(幾乎可以視為全部稅前利潤(rùn)),,而2019年這一數(shù)字是5.94億美元,,一年內(nèi)增翻了三倍之多。因此,,如果沒(méi)有這些碳排放收入,,特斯拉基礎(chǔ)的汽車(chē)和電池業(yè)務(wù)的利潤(rùn)將從凈虧損12.59億美元上升至凈虧損4.26億美元——這樣來(lái)看,特斯拉并沒(méi)有在第四季度扭虧為盈,。如果沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企購(gòu)買(mǎi)碳排放配額,,特斯拉將出現(xiàn)2200萬(wàn)美元的稅前虧損。
特斯拉售賣(mài)碳排放配額達(dá)到巨額營(yíng)收,,這樣的情形還能夠持續(xù)多久,?目前尚不可知。在財(cái)報(bào)電話會(huì)議上,,特斯拉的首席財(cái)務(wù)官扎克·柯克霍恩解釋道:“碳排放的銷(xiāo)售額極難預(yù)測(cè),。2020年的銷(xiāo)售額就超過(guò)了我們的預(yù)期?!?/p>
他強(qiáng)調(diào):“銷(xiāo)售額可能會(huì)在幾個(gè)季度內(nèi)保持強(qiáng)勁,,但也可能不會(huì)?!睋?jù)柯克霍恩預(yù)計(jì),,過(guò)渡期結(jié)束之后,“就長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,,碳排放銷(xiāo)售將不再是我們業(yè)務(wù)的主要組成部分”,。
特斯拉翻了近三倍的營(yíng)收,源于其與車(chē)企菲亞特克萊斯勒(Fiat Chrysler)在歐洲達(dá)成的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,。從去年開(kāi)始,,歐盟將歐洲汽車(chē)制造商生產(chǎn)的每輛車(chē)的排放要求降低了30%左右(以每輛車(chē)的平均年銷(xiāo)售量計(jì)算)。但同時(shí),,歐盟允許超過(guò)這一界線的車(chē)企與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)車(chē)企合作,,形成“排放池”,每輛車(chē)的排放低于界線將獲得額外的積分,。而作為一家純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)企業(yè),,特斯拉擁有大量積分。車(chē)企之間可以互相買(mǎi)賣(mài)積分,,特斯拉因此得以大量盈利,。據(jù)報(bào)道,特斯拉與菲亞特克萊斯勒的這一合作每年帶來(lái)約12億美元的收入,,占到2020年特斯拉總收入的大部分,。
但特斯拉從菲亞特克萊斯勒拿到的這筆意外之財(cái)很快就會(huì)消退,,盡管具體時(shí)間還未可知。今年1月,,菲亞特克萊斯勒與法國(guó)標(biāo)志雪鐵龍集團(tuán)(Group PSA)合并,,成立了Stellantis。作為主要電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商之一,,標(biāo)志雪鐵龍已經(jīng)符合歐盟的新法規(guī),。菲亞特也早在結(jié)盟之前就宣布,,其進(jìn)軍電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的舉措將在2021年大幅減少對(duì)碳排放配額的需求,,并在2022年使其獨(dú)立。標(biāo)致雪鐵龍向來(lái)專(zhuān)注于電氣化傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和平臺(tái),,這次合并也加速了菲亞特車(chē)型向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的轉(zhuǎn)變,。
從菲亞特克萊斯勒損失的收入,特斯拉似乎將從本田(Honda)那里收回,,后者最近也加入了“排放池”行列,。據(jù)報(bào)道,新協(xié)議要求本田每年向特斯拉支付約1億美元,。
如果拜登政府增加奧巴馬-拜登領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的碳排放積分,,特斯拉可能會(huì)得到提振。特朗普政府限制了積分的發(fā)放,,但歐盟積分激增抵消了來(lái)自美國(guó)的不利影響,,讓特斯拉的碳排放總銷(xiāo)售額翻了一番,并在今年實(shí)現(xiàn)了盈利,。倘若美國(guó)聯(lián)邦碳排放積分增加,,銷(xiāo)售額將有所提振,但特斯拉仍然預(yù)計(jì),,在未來(lái)幾個(gè)季度之后,,碳排放銷(xiāo)售將不會(huì)是其營(yíng)收大頭。
在不久的將來(lái),,特斯拉需要做到它現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有做的事情:靠汽車(chē)和電池來(lái)盈利,。利潤(rùn)的數(shù)值必須足夠向投資者證明,特斯拉的確是一個(gè)奇跡,,它從0碼加速到60碼的速度比歷史上任何一輛車(chē)都要快,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:楊二一
Elon Musk just claimed that, no kidding, Tesla's really worth its nearly-trillion dollar valuation. His Q4 earnings report, however, shows that right now, Tesla would still be booking losses if it weren't for a boom in a profit center far removed from its core of cars and batteries: Selling CO2 regulatory credits. Put simply, Musk's not showing the firepower to get there. If he doesn't hit the accelerator on profits, and get Tesla speeding like the forthcoming Model S Plaid that he lauded as the first commercial zero-to-sixty speedster ever, his investor/fans could soon lose faith.
On Tesla's earnings call after the bell on January 28, CEO Musk countered critics and short-sellers who've been claiming and wagering for years that his electric-vehicle colossus is wildly overvalued. In his opening remarks, Musk gave his "back of the envelope math for justifying" Tesla's market cap, hovering around $880 billion the earlier in the week. Musk predicted that the shift to Full Self-Driving vehicles (FSD) would produce "a doubling again" of future revenues from the $50 to $60 billion he's projecting from selling his regular lineup of models S, 3, X, Y, and hits to come, and that the extra $50-billion plus would be "all gross margin." "Put on 20 multiple," he concluded, "and that's $1 trillion, which "justifies [today's] valuation just from cars and FSD."
The fourth quarter results, however, aren't showing anything like the pace of progress needed to get to $1 trillion-plus, or even sustain Tesla's current market cap of well over $800 billion. The reason: Tesla isn't turning generally robustly-rising revenues into profits. Instead, it's relying on those sales of regulatory credits to competitors that need them to avoid fines in jurisdictions such as California and the E.U.
In Q4, Tesla announced that for the year, it posted pre-tax GAAP income of $1.154 billion, in what looks like a big improvement from last year's deficit of $665 million.
Dig into the numbers, however, and you'll find that all of that "progress" and then some comes from hawking the credits. In 2020, that line item furnished $1.58 billion in revenues, which we can reasonably assume is virtually all pre-tax profit. That's almost triple the $594 million total from CO2 sales 2019. Hence, without the income from those credits, the profits from Tesla's basic car and battery businesses would have advanced from a negative $1.259 billion to a still loss-making $426 million. Tesla didn't turn the corner in Q4: It would have posted a pre-tax deficit of $22 million sans the bounty from rivals buying its credits.
It's uncertain how long how Tesla will be pocketing the big CO2 sales that this year, accounted for its much ballyhooed swing from loss to profit. On the earnings call, CFO Zach Kirkhorn explained that "Regulatory sales are an extremely difficult area to forecast. 2020 sales were higher than our expectations."
He went on to stress that "It's possible for a handful of quarters that they remain strong, and possibly not." But Kirkhorn foresees that after that interim period, regulatory sales "in the long-term will not be a material part of our business."
The almost three-fold jump in those revenues sprung mainly from a deal Tesla forged with in Europe with Fiat Chrysler. Starting last year, the E.U. lowered the emissions requirements per car, averaged across the yearly number sold, for European automakers by around 30%. But it also allowed manufacturers that are over-the-limit to form "pools" with competitors that win extra credits for emissions-per-auto that are under the threshold. So as an all-EV enterprise, Tesla is loaded with those credits. Its pooling with Fiat Chrysler is reportedly producing around $1.2 billion a year in regulatory revenue, accounting for the bulk of Tesla's total in 2020.
But the Fiat Chrysler windfall will fade soon, though the timetable is uncertain. In January, it merged with Group PSA of France to form Stellantis. PSA as a major EV manufacturer was already in compliance with the new E.U. regs. Well before its union with PSA, Fiat Chrysler had announced that its own move into electric vehicles would drastically reduce its need for credits in 2021, and render it independent in 2022. The merger is accelerating the shift of Fiat Chrysler models to EVs, since PSA specializes in electrified drivetrains and platforms.
It appears that Tesla will recoup part of the lost revenue from Fiat Chrysler from Honda, which need the credits and recently joined the pool. The new deal reportedly calls for Honda to pay Tesla around $100 million annually.
Tesla could get a boost if the Biden Administration increases the regulatory credits championed under Obama-Biden. The Trump regime curbed those credits, but the surge from the E.U. overwhelmed the slowdown in the U.S., enabling Tesla to multiply its overall regulatory sales, and this year, turn a profit. More U.S. federal credits would help, but once again, Tesla doesn't expect the category to be a significant contributor after the next few quarters.
Tesla will soon need to do what it's not doing now, generate earnings from cars and batteries. And those profits must prove to investors that Tesla is indeed the wonder that can go from zero to sixty faster than any vehicle in history.