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比爾·蓋茨:人工智能對(duì)教育來說是一種雙贏

Chloe Berger
2023-08-21

比爾·蓋茨對(duì)人工智能在教育領(lǐng)域的未來前景持樂觀態(tài)度,。

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小學(xué)生可能喜歡把豌豆和胡蘿卜分開,,但比爾·蓋茨準(zhǔn)備幫助孩子們做出一些改變——至少在人工智能領(lǐng)域里是這樣。將這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)與教育融合,,可能會(huì)像果凍混合肉類一樣不倫不類,,也可能如餅干搭配奶油般相得益彰,不過后者更為契合蓋茨的樂觀看法,。在蓋茨的播客節(jié)目《解惑》(Unconfuse Me)的最近一期中,,他對(duì)嘉賓薩爾·可汗——非營(yíng)利教育機(jī)構(gòu)可汗學(xué)院(Khan Academy)的首席執(zhí)行官——表示,人工智能可能有助于促進(jìn)教育事業(yè),。

蓋茨說:“技術(shù)在教育領(lǐng)域的作用并不總是顯而易見的,,但其潛力和前景卻十分鼓舞人心?!?/p>

不過,,蓋茨最初對(duì)OpenAI的力量是存有疑慮的,直到他被薩姆·奧爾特曼和格雷格·布羅克曼“最令人驚嘆的演示”所吸引,。雖然蓋茨承認(rèn)人工智能無法做到人類能夠做的一切事情——它們表現(xiàn)得像“不太擅長(zhǎng)理解上下文的人類”,,而且聊天機(jī)器人可能會(huì)出錯(cuò),但他仍然對(duì)人工智能工具的進(jìn)展感到震驚,。他思考應(yīng)該如何最好地運(yùn)用這些創(chuàng)新成果,,于是便想到了教育——考慮到蓋茨基金會(huì)(The Gates Foundation)在教育慈善事業(yè)上花費(fèi)了數(shù)十億美元(盡管他們的努力并非總可以取得成效),這也許并不奇怪,。

蓋茨解釋道,,將新技術(shù)引入教育領(lǐng)域的失敗經(jīng)歷往往會(huì)讓教師感到自己的創(chuàng)造力和獨(dú)立性受到侵害。他表示,,“然而,,我們都知道教師是英勇的,從事著世界上最重要也是最艱難的職業(yè)之一”,,并稱人工智能實(shí)際上可以在教師忙得不可開交時(shí)提供幫助,。

蓋茨稱,人工智能能夠彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有軟件在教授閱讀和寫作技能方面的不足,。他說:“很少有學(xué)生可以得到自己文章的反饋,,例如這里能夠?qū)懙酶靼滓恍氵z漏了這一點(diǎn)和論證過程等,。我確實(shí)認(rèn)為人工智能會(huì)成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的高中教師,,它可以切實(shí)地給你的文章打分,讓你能夠回過頭來思考:‘好吧,,我這點(diǎn)需要改進(jìn),。’”

可汗補(bǔ)充道,可汗學(xué)院新開發(fā)的人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的助教Khanmigo可能會(huì)在不久的將來被用于幫助提取信息,,并提醒老師哪些學(xué)生走神或需要提問,。雖然Khanmigo還有一些問題尚未解決,而且有些教師認(rèn)為它太快提供幫助以至于學(xué)生們都來不及自己先嘗試解決問題,,但可汗認(rèn)為它擁有巨大的潛力并且甚至有可能在某些時(shí)候通過圖靈測(cè)試,。

研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),將生成式人工智能引入教育領(lǐng)域?qū)嶋H上可能有助于提高教師的工作效率,。領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)最新發(fā)布的《人工智能未來工作報(bào)告》(A.I. Future of Work report)將教師列為技能可能因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄芏鰪?qiáng)的程度第三高(45%)的常見職業(yè),。不過,該報(bào)告并沒有將這一點(diǎn)視為人工智能將取代教師職業(yè)的跡象,,而是斷言人工智能可以協(xié)助備課和教學(xué)輔導(dǎo),,讓教師能夠?qū)W⒂诎l(fā)揮管理班級(jí)和給予學(xué)生更多個(gè)人關(guān)注等軟技能。

蓋茨在播客里說:“我一直以來都低估了一件事情,,那就是對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生而言,,擁有某種社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是多么有價(jià)值的事情?!彼€指出,,生成式人工智能能夠幫助“縮小教育差距并提升整體成績(jī)水平”,表示人工智能可以改善低收入和少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的教育,。他說,正因此,,他在蓋茨基金會(huì)首次進(jìn)入教育領(lǐng)域時(shí)才持有更為樂觀的態(tài)度,。

總的來說,他認(rèn)為生成式人工智能本質(zhì)上與其說是教師,,不如說更像助教,。平心而論,蓋茨的專業(yè)背景是計(jì)算機(jī)而非教育,,因此他對(duì)效率的定義或許更符合硅谷的處事態(tài)度,,而不是教育思維。不過,,幾十年來他一直在努力改善全球教育,,這是值得稱贊的。

蓋茨表示,,至于人工智能會(huì)如何影響教師就業(yè)市場(chǎng),,這是“最難回答的問題”,并補(bǔ)充稱,,教師永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)過多,,市場(chǎng)對(duì)教師的需求是“無限的”。但他承認(rèn),,人工智能帶來的變化并非沒有潛在的未知后果:“很難預(yù)料人工智能將會(huì)如何改變一切,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

小學(xué)生可能喜歡把豌豆和胡蘿卜分開,但比爾·蓋茨準(zhǔn)備幫助孩子們做出一些改變——至少在人工智能領(lǐng)域里是這樣,。將這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)與教育融合,,可能會(huì)像果凍混合肉類一樣不倫不類,也可能如餅干搭配奶油般相得益彰,,不過后者更為契合蓋茨的樂觀看法,。在蓋茨的播客節(jié)目《解惑》(Unconfuse Me)的最近一期中,他對(duì)嘉賓薩爾·可汗——非營(yíng)利教育機(jī)構(gòu)可汗學(xué)院(Khan Academy)的首席執(zhí)行官——表示,,人工智能可能有助于促進(jìn)教育事業(yè),。

蓋茨說:“技術(shù)在教育領(lǐng)域的作用并不總是顯而易見的,但其潛力和前景卻十分鼓舞人心,?!?/p>

不過,蓋茨最初對(duì)OpenAI的力量是存有疑慮的,,直到他被薩姆·奧爾特曼和格雷格·布羅克曼“最令人驚嘆的演示”所吸引,。雖然蓋茨承認(rèn)人工智能無法做到人類能夠做的一切事情——它們表現(xiàn)得像“不太擅長(zhǎng)理解上下文的人類”,而且聊天機(jī)器人可能會(huì)出錯(cuò),,但他仍然對(duì)人工智能工具的進(jìn)展感到震驚,。他思考應(yīng)該如何最好地運(yùn)用這些創(chuàng)新成果,于是便想到了教育——考慮到蓋茨基金會(huì)(The Gates Foundation)在教育慈善事業(yè)上花費(fèi)了數(shù)十億美元(盡管他們的努力并非總可以取得成效),,這也許并不奇怪,。

蓋茨解釋道,將新技術(shù)引入教育領(lǐng)域的失敗經(jīng)歷往往會(huì)讓教師感到自己的創(chuàng)造力和獨(dú)立性受到侵害,。他表示,,“然而,我們都知道教師是英勇的,,從事著世界上最重要也是最艱難的職業(yè)之一”,,并稱人工智能實(shí)際上可以在教師忙得不可開交時(shí)提供幫助。

蓋茨稱,,人工智能能夠彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有軟件在教授閱讀和寫作技能方面的不足,。他說:“很少有學(xué)生可以得到自己文章的反饋,例如這里能夠?qū)懙酶靼滓恍?,你遺漏了這一點(diǎn)和論證過程等,。我確實(shí)認(rèn)為人工智能會(huì)成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的高中教師,它可以切實(shí)地給你的文章打分,,讓你能夠回過頭來思考:‘好吧,,我這點(diǎn)需要改進(jìn)。’”

可汗補(bǔ)充道,,可汗學(xué)院新開發(fā)的人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的助教Khanmigo可能會(huì)在不久的將來被用于幫助提取信息,,并提醒老師哪些學(xué)生走神或需要提問。雖然Khanmigo還有一些問題尚未解決,,而且有些教師認(rèn)為它太快提供幫助以至于學(xué)生們都來不及自己先嘗試解決問題,,但可汗認(rèn)為它擁有巨大的潛力并且甚至有可能在某些時(shí)候通過圖靈測(cè)試。

研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),,將生成式人工智能引入教育領(lǐng)域?qū)嶋H上可能有助于提高教師的工作效率,。領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)最新發(fā)布的《人工智能未來工作報(bào)告》(A.I. Future of Work report)將教師列為技能可能因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄芏鰪?qiáng)的程度第三高(45%)的常見職業(yè)。不過,,該報(bào)告并沒有將這一點(diǎn)視為人工智能將取代教師職業(yè)的跡象,,而是斷言人工智能可以協(xié)助備課和教學(xué)輔導(dǎo),讓教師能夠?qū)W⒂诎l(fā)揮管理班級(jí)和給予學(xué)生更多個(gè)人關(guān)注等軟技能,。

蓋茨在播客里說:“我一直以來都低估了一件事情,,那就是對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生而言,擁有某種社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是多么有價(jià)值的事情,?!彼€指出,生成式人工智能能夠幫助“縮小教育差距并提升整體成績(jī)水平”,,表示人工智能可以改善低收入和少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的教育,。他說,正因此,,他在蓋茨基金會(huì)首次進(jìn)入教育領(lǐng)域時(shí)才持有更為樂觀的態(tài)度,。

總的來說,他認(rèn)為生成式人工智能本質(zhì)上與其說是教師,,不如說更像助教,。平心而論,,蓋茨的專業(yè)背景是計(jì)算機(jī)而非教育,,因此他對(duì)效率的定義或許更符合硅谷的處事態(tài)度,而不是教育思維,。不過,,幾十年來他一直在努力改善全球教育,這是值得稱贊的,。

蓋茨表示,,至于人工智能會(huì)如何影響教師就業(yè)市場(chǎng),這是“最難回答的問題”,,并補(bǔ)充稱,,教師永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)過多,市場(chǎng)對(duì)教師的需求是“無限的”。但他承認(rèn),,人工智能帶來的變化并非沒有潛在的未知后果:“很難預(yù)料人工智能將會(huì)如何改變一切,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

Elementary schoolers might like to keep their peas and carrots separate, but Bill Gates is ready to shake some stuff up for the kids—at least, when it comes to A.I. Mixing the new tech with education could go together as disastrously as jello and meat or as harmoniously as cookies and cream, though Gates’ optimistic viewpoint fits more with the tub of ice cream. In a recent episode of his podcast, “Unconfuse Me,” with guest Sal Khan, CEO of non-profit education company Khan Academy, he expressed that A.I. could help advance the classroom.

“The role of technology in education isn’t always obvious, but the potential and the possibilities are inspiring,” Gates said.

That’s despite initially doubting the power of OpenAI until he was gripped by “the most stunning demo” from Sam Altman and Greg Brockman. While he acknowledges that A.I. can’t do everything humans do—they act like “a human that’s not very good with context”—and that chatbots can get buggy, he was in shock at the tool’s state. Thinking of how these innovations could best be applied, his mind went to education, perhaps not surprising considering that The Gates Foundation has spent billions on education philanthropy (although their efforts haven’t always succeeded).

Gates explained that oftentimes, bringing new tech into a classroom unsuccessfully often feels to teachers like an infringement on their creativity and independence. “And yet we all know teachers are heroic, one of the most important, hardest jobs in the world,” he said, suggesting that A.I. could actually help them when they have too much on their plates.

A.I. could compensate for where current software lacks in teaching reading and writing skills, he said. “Very few students get feedback on an essay, that this could be clearer, you really skipped this piece and the reasoning,” he says. “I do think the A.I. will be like a great high school teacher who really marks your essay and you go back and think, ‘okay, I need to step up there.’”

Khan added that Khanmigo, a new A.I. powered tutor created by Khan Academy, might be used in the near future to help distill information and alert teachers about which students are disengaged or have questions. While it’s still working out some issues and some teachers say it’s too quick to help students before they try a problem themselves, Khan thinks it’s potential is powerful and that it might even pass the Turing test at times.

Even research finds that bringing generative A.I. to the classroom might actually help teachers become more productive. LinkedIn’s new A.I. Future of Work report lists teaching as the common occupation with the third highest share of skills potentially augmented by A.I.: 45%. But rather than seeing this as a sign that the tech would replace teachers’ jobs, he report asserts that A.I. could help with lesson planning and tutoring, enabling teachers to focus on soft skills like managing classrooms and giving students more individual attention.

“One thing I always underestimated is how valuable it is for most students to have kind of a social experience,” Gates said in the podcast. He also noted that generative A.I. can help “close the [education] gap and raise up the overall level of achievement,” suggesting it could bolster lower-income and minority students. It’s increased the optimism he had when the Gates Foundation first entered the education space, he said.

Overall, he ultimately sees generative A.I. as more of an assistant teacher than a teacher. To be fair, Gates has a background in computers, not education, which might make his definition of productivity more aligned with a Silicon Valley approach than a classroom mentality. But there’s something to be said for the decades he’s spent trying to improve global education.

As for the teacher job market, that’s “the hardest question to answer,” he said, adding that there will never be too many teachers and demand is “infinite.” The change doesn’t come without potential unknown consequences though, he admits: “It’s very hard to predict how it’ll shift things.”

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