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要達(dá)到健身目標(biāo),運(yùn)動(dòng)量要多大才合適,?

KAT ESCHNER
2022-07-29

把自己逼得太狠可能適得其反,。

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貴在堅(jiān)持,。照片來(lái)源:GETTY IMAGES

無(wú)論你處在什么年齡,,健康狀況如何,健身都可以給你帶來(lái)各種好處:提升靈活性,、強(qiáng)健肌肉骨骼、改善心理健康,、獲取充沛精力,。但僅僅是制定健身計(jì)劃——更不用說(shuō)堅(jiān)持了——對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)都是件難事。本文邀請(qǐng)了三位專家分享了一些你需要了解的知識(shí),,幫助你在哪怕真的很忙的情況下也能長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持鍛煉,。

你需要多少運(yùn)動(dòng)量?

鍛煉需要時(shí)間:除此以外,,沒(méi)有什么秘方,、藥物或食物能讓你實(shí)現(xiàn)想要的效果。但可能不會(huì)像你想象中一樣要花那么多時(shí)間,。美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心建議,,為了保持健康,每周需要進(jìn)行150分鐘中高強(qiáng)度的體育活動(dòng),。也就是每天20分鐘,,或者每周5天、每天30分鐘,。不過(guò),,圣路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)的體育活動(dòng)研究員、公共健康教授黛博拉·薩爾沃博士說(shuō),,如果你想減肥或提升健康水平,,則需要花兩倍的時(shí)間。

如果你真的非常忙,,恐怕很難抽出這么多時(shí)間,。但好消息是,不是只有在健身房揮汗如雨才算,。薩爾沃說(shuō),,你在每天的日?;顒?dòng)中得到的鍛煉也能計(jì)入運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng),而且是很重要的一部分,。她說(shuō):“鍛煉也可以是你每天的日?;顒?dòng),可以綜合利用,?!?/p>

另一個(gè)好消息是,運(yùn)動(dòng)劇烈不劇烈也不重要,,疾控中心將劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)定義為你說(shuō)不了幾句話就會(huì)上氣不接下氣的活動(dòng),。薩爾沃說(shuō):“只要是達(dá)到中等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng),就能給你帶來(lái)好處,?!币簿褪钦f(shuō),下了車步履輕快地走到辦公室,,平平無(wú)奇的園藝勞動(dòng),,舒舒服服地騎騎自行車,或者周末休閑徒步都算,。

做你喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng),,慢慢來(lái)

人們開始鍛煉時(shí),往往傾向于選擇看起來(lái)見效最快的運(yùn)動(dòng),,比如舉重或長(zhǎng)跑等,。佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)體育表演中心(University of Florida 's Sports Performance Center)的醫(yī)學(xué)主任凱文·文森特博士說(shuō),這時(shí)候人們優(yōu)先考慮的因素往往不是愉悅感,。但是如果你不喜歡你選擇的運(yùn)動(dòng),,你永遠(yuǎn)也不可能成功。他說(shuō),,對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)鍛煉而言,,選擇哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式并不重要:“只要堅(jiān)持就行?!蹦愕纳眢w可能需要兩三個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)新活動(dòng),,才能開始顯示出真正的效果。

雖然美國(guó)疾控中心通常的算法是,,每分鐘劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)相當(dāng)于兩分鐘中等強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng),,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,一開始就把自己逼得太狠反而可能更浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,。文森特建議,,一開始的節(jié)奏應(yīng)該比你計(jì)劃中的慢一些。他說(shuō),雖然剛開始鍛煉你也會(huì)看到進(jìn)步,,但不要因此就認(rèn)為應(yīng)該加大運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,。慢慢來(lái)可以最大限度地降低受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),也可以最大限度地增加你堅(jiān)持下去的幾率,。

美國(guó)疾控中心還建議,,在有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)之外,每周進(jìn)行兩次增肌鍛煉,。力量訓(xùn)練可以是簡(jiǎn)單的自重訓(xùn)練,,但即使是自重訓(xùn)練,如果你不注意姿勢(shì)和現(xiàn)有傷病,,也有受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。文森特建議最開始可以參加線上課程或跟練YouTube視頻。

文森特說(shuō),,好的運(yùn)動(dòng)視頻有三個(gè)必備要素:由獲得美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院(American College of Sports Medicine),、美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)(American Council on Exercise)或其他主流組織認(rèn)證的專業(yè)健身人士制作;包含供受傷或運(yùn)動(dòng)受限者選擇的降階動(dòng)作,;和其他視頻一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的集合,。他說(shuō):“一開始的視頻應(yīng)該看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單,練起來(lái)也很簡(jiǎn)單,,但越往后難度應(yīng)該逐步提升?!?/p>

建立正確的運(yùn)動(dòng)思維

關(guān)鍵是要找到合適的方法,,把鍛煉融入到你現(xiàn)在的生活里——而不是你理想中的生活。米歇爾·西格博士說(shuō),,說(shuō)到健身,,很多人都有過(guò)不斷嘗試又不斷放棄不同健身方法的血淚史。她在密歇根大學(xué)研究可持續(xù)的行為改變,,著有《快樂(lè)的選擇:如何實(shí)現(xiàn)飲食和健身的持久改變》(The Joy Choice: How to Finally Achieve Lasting Changes in Eating and Exercise),。

西格說(shuō),“很多人制定計(jì)劃,、做出改變的動(dòng)機(jī)在我看來(lái)是動(dòng)機(jī)泡沫”,,這時(shí)他們只專注于最終目標(biāo)。但當(dāng)他們的動(dòng)機(jī)遇到阻礙時(shí)該怎么辦,?也許有一天你不能按計(jì)劃外出跑步了,,又或者受傷讓你停下了腳步。

薩爾沃說(shuō),,關(guān)鍵在于,,如果計(jì)劃趕不上變化,就要培養(yǎng)自己合理調(diào)整計(jì)劃的應(yīng)變能力。沒(méi)辦法利用午餐時(shí)間跑步了,?當(dāng)天抽出個(gè)15分鐘上上下下跑幾趟樓梯,。沒(méi)時(shí)間上瑜伽課?在家里跟著視頻練一會(huì),。她說(shuō):“只有始終如一地做出有利于你的鍛煉目標(biāo)的決定,,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)持久變化?!?/p>

保持勢(shì)頭

薩爾沃建議要以星期為單位安排運(yùn)動(dòng)量,,因?yàn)楫?dāng)你有一整個(gè)星期的時(shí)間來(lái)完成計(jì)劃的時(shí)候,更容易保持這個(gè)勢(shì)頭,。而且,,哪怕某一天出了點(diǎn)以外,也還能從更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間維度來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì),。

她還建議大家思考一下自己鍛煉的動(dòng)力是什么,。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)人的鍛煉動(dòng)機(jī)至少來(lái)自以下其中一種:情感,,或者說(shuō)鍛煉給他們帶來(lái)的感受,;量化暗示,比如他們從智能手表或其他設(shè)備中看到的信息,;還有社交暗示,,比如競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。

許多人的動(dòng)機(jī)是多重的,。為了弄清楚你鍛煉的動(dòng)力是什么,,薩爾沃建議,可以想一想在生活中的其他領(lǐng)域,,是什么在激勵(lì)著你,,或者甚至可以各種方法都試試,看看什么能讓你堅(jiān)持下來(lái),。

如果我們能把鍛煉作為生活的一部分,,面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)能夠相應(yīng)調(diào)整而非止步不前,“說(shuō)明我們正在實(shí)現(xiàn)持久改變的路上,?!蔽鞲裾f(shuō),“我們正在重新定義自己,,我們是知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)的人,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

無(wú)論你處在什么年齡,,健康狀況如何,,健身都可以給你帶來(lái)各種好處:提升靈活性,、強(qiáng)健肌肉骨骼、改善心理健康,、獲取充沛精力,。但僅僅是制定健身計(jì)劃——更不用說(shuō)堅(jiān)持了——對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)都是件難事。本文邀請(qǐng)了三位專家分享了一些你需要了解的知識(shí),,幫助你在哪怕真的很忙的情況下也能長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持鍛煉,。

你需要多少運(yùn)動(dòng)量?

鍛煉需要時(shí)間:除此以外,,沒(méi)有什么秘方,、藥物或食物能讓你實(shí)現(xiàn)想要的效果。但可能不會(huì)像你想象中一樣要花那么多時(shí)間,。美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心建議,,為了保持健康,每周需要進(jìn)行150分鐘中高強(qiáng)度的體育活動(dòng),。也就是每天20分鐘,,或者每周5天、每天30分鐘,。不過(guò),,圣路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)的體育活動(dòng)研究員、公共健康教授黛博拉·薩爾沃博士說(shuō),,如果你想減肥或提升健康水平,,則需要花兩倍的時(shí)間。

如果你真的非常忙,,恐怕很難抽出這么多時(shí)間,。但好消息是,不是只有在健身房揮汗如雨才算,。薩爾沃說(shuō),你在每天的日?;顒?dòng)中得到的鍛煉也能計(jì)入運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng),,而且是很重要的一部分。她說(shuō):“鍛煉也可以是你每天的日?;顒?dòng),,可以綜合利用?!?/p>

另一個(gè)好消息是,,運(yùn)動(dòng)劇烈不劇烈也不重要,疾控中心將劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)定義為你說(shuō)不了幾句話就會(huì)上氣不接下氣的活動(dòng),。薩爾沃說(shuō):“只要是達(dá)到中等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng),,就能給你帶來(lái)好處。”也就是說(shuō),,下了車步履輕快地走到辦公室,,平平無(wú)奇的園藝勞動(dòng),舒舒服服地騎騎自行車,,或者周末休閑徒步都算,。

做你喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng),慢慢來(lái)

人們開始鍛煉時(shí),,往往傾向于選擇看起來(lái)見效最快的運(yùn)動(dòng),,比如舉重或長(zhǎng)跑等。佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)體育表演中心(University of Florida 's Sports Performance Center)的醫(yī)學(xué)主任凱文·文森特博士說(shuō),,這時(shí)候人們優(yōu)先考慮的因素往往不是愉悅感,。但是如果你不喜歡你選擇的運(yùn)動(dòng),你永遠(yuǎn)也不可能成功,。他說(shuō),,對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)鍛煉而言,選擇哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式并不重要:“只要堅(jiān)持就行,?!蹦愕纳眢w可能需要兩三個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)新活動(dòng),才能開始顯示出真正的效果,。

雖然美國(guó)疾控中心通常的算法是,,每分鐘劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)相當(dāng)于兩分鐘中等強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng),但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,,一開始就把自己逼得太狠反而可能更浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,。文森特建議,一開始的節(jié)奏應(yīng)該比你計(jì)劃中的慢一些,。他說(shuō),,雖然剛開始鍛煉你也會(huì)看到進(jìn)步,但不要因此就認(rèn)為應(yīng)該加大運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,。慢慢來(lái)可以最大限度地降低受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),,也可以最大限度地增加你堅(jiān)持下去的幾率。

美國(guó)疾控中心還建議,,在有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)之外,,每周進(jìn)行兩次增肌鍛煉。力量訓(xùn)練可以是簡(jiǎn)單的自重訓(xùn)練,,但即使是自重訓(xùn)練,,如果你不注意姿勢(shì)和現(xiàn)有傷病,也有受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。文森特建議最開始可以參加線上課程或跟練YouTube視頻,。

文森特說(shuō),,好的運(yùn)動(dòng)視頻有三個(gè)必備要素:由獲得美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院(American College of Sports Medicine)、美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)(American Council on Exercise)或其他主流組織認(rèn)證的專業(yè)健身人士制作,;包含供受傷或運(yùn)動(dòng)受限者選擇的降階動(dòng)作,;和其他視頻一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的集合。他說(shuō):“一開始的視頻應(yīng)該看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單,,練起來(lái)也很簡(jiǎn)單,,但越往后難度應(yīng)該逐步提升?!?/p>

建立正確的運(yùn)動(dòng)思維

關(guān)鍵是要找到合適的方法,,把鍛煉融入到你現(xiàn)在的生活里——而不是你理想中的生活。米歇爾·西格博士說(shuō),,說(shuō)到健身,,很多人都有過(guò)不斷嘗試又不斷放棄不同健身方法的血淚史。她在密歇根大學(xué)研究可持續(xù)的行為改變,,著有《快樂(lè)的選擇:如何實(shí)現(xiàn)飲食和健身的持久改變》(The Joy Choice: How to Finally Achieve Lasting Changes in Eating and Exercise),。

西格說(shuō),“很多人制定計(jì)劃,、做出改變的動(dòng)機(jī)在我看來(lái)是動(dòng)機(jī)泡沫”,,這時(shí)他們只專注于最終目標(biāo)。但當(dāng)他們的動(dòng)機(jī)遇到阻礙時(shí)該怎么辦,?也許有一天你不能按計(jì)劃外出跑步了,,又或者受傷讓你停下了腳步。

薩爾沃說(shuō),,關(guān)鍵在于,,如果計(jì)劃趕不上變化,就要培養(yǎng)自己合理調(diào)整計(jì)劃的應(yīng)變能力,。沒(méi)辦法利用午餐時(shí)間跑步了,?當(dāng)天抽出個(gè)15分鐘上上下下跑幾趟樓梯。沒(méi)時(shí)間上瑜伽課,?在家里跟著視頻練一會(huì),。她說(shuō):“只有始終如一地做出有利于你的鍛煉目標(biāo)的決定,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)持久變化,。”

保持勢(shì)頭

薩爾沃建議要以星期為單位安排運(yùn)動(dòng)量,,因?yàn)楫?dāng)你有一整個(gè)星期的時(shí)間來(lái)完成計(jì)劃的時(shí)候,,更容易保持這個(gè)勢(shì)頭。而且,,哪怕某一天出了點(diǎn)以外,,也還能從更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間維度來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì),。

她還建議大家思考一下自己鍛煉的動(dòng)力是什么。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,大多數(shù)人的鍛煉動(dòng)機(jī)至少來(lái)自以下其中一種:情感,,或者說(shuō)鍛煉給他們帶來(lái)的感受;量化暗示,,比如他們從智能手表或其他設(shè)備中看到的信息,;還有社交暗示,比如競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作,。

許多人的動(dòng)機(jī)是多重的,。為了弄清楚你鍛煉的動(dòng)力是什么,薩爾沃建議,,可以想一想在生活中的其他領(lǐng)域,,是什么在激勵(lì)著你,或者甚至可以各種方法都試試,,看看什么能讓你堅(jiān)持下來(lái),。

如果我們能把鍛煉作為生活的一部分,面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)能夠相應(yīng)調(diào)整而非止步不前,,“說(shuō)明我們正在實(shí)現(xiàn)持久改變的路上,。”西格說(shuō),,“我們正在重新定義自己,,我們是知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)的人?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

Better mobility, stronger muscles and bones, improved mental health, and the energy to do the things you want: exercise has a host of potential benefits for everyone, regardless of age or fitness level. But making an exercise plan—much less sticking with one—is a tall order for many people. Here, three experts share what you need to know to create a routine you can keep up for the long haul, even when you’re really busy.

How much exercise you need

Exercise takes time: there’s no silver bullet, pill, or diet that will get you where you want to go. But it probably doesn’t take as much time as you think. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week to maintain your current fitness levels. That’s about 20 minutes every day, or 30 minutes five days per week. However, you’ll need twice that much if you’re trying to lose weight or increase your fitness level, says?Deborah Salvo, PhD., a physical activity researcher and professor of public health at Washington University in St. Louis.

If you’re really busy, these may seem like intractable numbers. But the good news is that not all of that time needs to be spent in gym clothes. The exercise you get doing day-to-day activities is an important part of those minutes, Salvo says. “It may also be something you can build into your life that can serve many purposes,” she says.

The other piece of good news is that it doesn’t matter whether the activity is vigorous, which the CDC defines as activity during which you can say only a few words before getting out of breath. “As long as you cross the threshold of moderate intensity, the activity’s good for you,” Salvo says. That means a brisk walk from the car to work, general gardening, a comfortably-paced bike ride, or an easy weekend hike all count.

Do activities you like—and start slow

When people start exercising, they often gravitate towards workouts that seem like they’ll have the quickest results, like lifting heavy weights or long runs. Enjoyment isn’t usually top of mind, says Dr. Kevin Vincent, medical director of the University of Florida’s Sports Performance Center. But you’re never going to be successful if you don’t like what you’re doing. For basic fitness, he says, it doesn’t really matter which form of exercise you choose to pursue: “Just be consistent.” It can take two to three months for your body to become acclimated to new activities and start showing real results.

While the CDC’s general rule is that each minute of vigorous activity is the equivalent of two minutes of moderate activity, pushing yourself hard right away could cost you time in the long run. Vincent suggests starting at a pace that is slower than you think you should. While you’ll start to see improvement even in the early days, he says, don’t take it as a cue to push yourself harder. Working slowly minimizes your chance of injury, and maximizes the chance you’ll stick with it.

The CDC also suggests doing two muscle-strengthening workouts each week in addition to aerobic exercises. Strength training can be as simple as a bodyweight workout, but even that carries a risk of injury if you aren’t careful about your form and mindful of any existing injuries. To get started, Vincent suggests taking live classes or trying out some YouTube videos.

Good exercise videos have three elements, Vincent says: they’re made by an exercise professional credentialed by the?American College of Sports Medicine, the?American Council on Exercise, or another major organization; they contain options to help you modify the exercise if you have an injury or limitation; and they’re part of a series that progresses. “It should look pretty easy and feel pretty easy, and it should get harder as time goes on,” he says.

Get into the right mindset

It’s important to figure out how your workouts are going to fit into your life as it is now—not your ideal. When it comes to fitness, many people have a long history of trying and giving up on different regimens, says Michelle Segar, PhD., a University of Michigan sustainable behavior change researcher and the author of The Joy Choice: How to Finally Achieve Lasting Changes in Eating and Exercise.

“So many people plan and begin a behavior change in what I call a motivation bubble,” says Segar, when they are only focused on the end goal. But what to do when their motivation runs up against an obstacle? Maybe you just couldn’t get out for your scheduled run one day or maybe an injury stopped you in your tracks.

The key, Salvo says, is in developing the resilience to reshape your plans when things go awry. Can’t go for your lunch run? Find 15 minutes later in the day to jog up and down a flight of stairs a few times. Won’t have time for that yoga class? You can do a yoga video at home. “Sustainable change is the result of making decisions that consistently favor your exercise goal,” she says.

Keep up the momentum

Salvo suggests scheduling exercise a week out, because it’s easier to keep momentum going when you have a whole week to look at. And when one day goes haywire, you can still see the bigger picture, she says.

She also suggests thinking about what motivates you. Research has found that most people get exercise motivation from at least one of three things: affect, or the way that exercise makes them feel; quantitative cues, like the information they get from a smartwatch or other trackers; and social cues, like competition and teamwork.

Many people have a combination of motivations. To figure out your own personal motivators, Salvo suggests thinking about what motivates you in other areas of your life—or even trying out the different approaches to see what sticks.

Choosing to incorporate exercise into your life and dealing with challenges by adapting, rather than stopping “is a sign and a symptom that we are achieving lasting change,” Segar says. “We’re reaffirming our identity as someone who knows how to navigate these challenges.”

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