????音樂(lè)家需要練習(xí)。運(yùn)動(dòng)員也需要練習(xí),。他們練習(xí)的目的是為了讓自己更加精于業(yè)務(wù),。而身為職場(chǎng)人士，同樣也想讓自己對(duì)工作更加精通,。但是,，如果你所在的公司和其他大部分公司一樣的話，那么,，肯定極少有人在公司內(nèi)提及“練習(xí)”這個(gè)詞,。對(duì)大部分人來(lái)說(shuō)，做“練習(xí)”應(yīng)該是學(xué)校里孩子們的事情吧,！

????杰出學(xué)校（Uncommon Schools）常務(wù)董事道格·賴(lài)莫夫說(shuō)：“在大多數(shù)公司,，人們極少能對(duì)各種工作不斷精進(jìn)。每天重復(fù)一項(xiàng)任務(wù),，算不上練習(xí),，除非你在做這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的過(guò)程中加入了目的性?！苯艹鰧W(xué)校是一個(gè)由32家特許學(xué)校組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò),。道格·賴(lài)莫夫與艾麗卡·沃雷、凱蒂·耶茲合著有《完美練習(xí)：漸入佳境的42條規(guī)則》(Perfect Practice: 42 Rules for Getting Better at Getting Better)一書(shū),，三人曾培訓(xùn)過(guò)10,000名學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和教師,。賴(lài)莫夫認(rèn)為，練習(xí)在公司中有重要的作用,?！八歉?jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的源泉?！苯處煷蚰コ錾慕淌诩记?，可以提高學(xué)生的成績(jī)。同樣,，職場(chǎng)人士練習(xí)談判或其他商務(wù)技巧,，也將比其他人擁有更卓越的表現(xiàn)。

????那么,，在職場(chǎng)中又該如何開(kāi)始練習(xí)呢,？首先，要改變對(duì)練習(xí)含義的看法,。曾在茱莉亞音樂(lè)學(xué)院接受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的鋼琴師和教師,、《練習(xí)的藝術(shù)》（The Art of Practicing）一書(shū)的作者瑪?shù)铝漳荨げ剪斏獱栒f(shuō)：“長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，練習(xí)這個(gè)詞一直名聲不佳,。人們認(rèn)為,，練習(xí)是件苦差事，沒(méi)有任何樂(lè)趣可言,，反而是造成壓力,、掙扎、負(fù)擔(dān),、緊張的源頭,。”最好將練習(xí)想象成某種形式的游戲——就像音樂(lè)家彈奏樂(lè)器一樣,。在這種游戲中,，你能學(xué)會(huì)“更好地表達(dá)自己，使自己的創(chuàng)造性智慧獲得成功,。你會(huì)日益擅長(zhǎng)解決問(wèn)題,。”而要這么做,，可以嘗試以下四個(gè)步驟：

????賴(lài)莫夫和他的共同作者們建議,，可以向團(tuán)隊(duì)成員了解人們最應(yīng)該練習(xí)哪三項(xiàng)技能。比如口頭陳述,、回答客戶的問(wèn)題,、進(jìn)行績(jī)效評(píng)估、給出反饋,，在銷(xiāo)售電話中將自己公司的產(chǎn)品與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手進(jìn)行對(duì)比,、無(wú)約電話、各種形式的文案寫(xiě)作（PowerPoint幻燈片,、備忘錄,、電子郵件、白皮書(shū)、官方信函等）,、編輯和發(fā)表編輯內(nèi)容,、主持會(huì)議、數(shù)據(jù)分析,、談判,、估算、采訪等,。

????1. 明確值得提高的技能

????賴(lài)莫夫建議：“練習(xí)一切真實(shí)發(fā)生的事,。一旦它們不按預(yù)期發(fā)展，就沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)再來(lái)一次,。我們一直在練習(xí)高難度談話,。”利用團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的答案,，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)自己希望練習(xí)的技能列表,，目標(biāo)則是精通這些技能。

????2. 創(chuàng)建（和命名）常規(guī)演練

????運(yùn)動(dòng)員會(huì)進(jìn)行兩種練習(xí)：訓(xùn)練賽和常規(guī)演練,。訓(xùn)練賽會(huì)模仿比賽條件,，這是顯而易見(jiàn)的練習(xí)方式。如果你教某人如何主持會(huì)議,，難道你不會(huì)為他們安排一次模仿會(huì)議嗎,？

????Musicians practice. Athletes practice. They practice because they want to get better at what they do. You'd like to get better at what you do, too. But if your organization is like most, the word "practice" seldom comes up in anything beyond a discussion of kids' after school schedules.

????"Most business is full of tasks that people rarely get better at," says Doug Lemov, a managing director of Uncommon Schools, a network of 32 charter schools, and author, with Erica Woolway and Katie Yezzi, of?Perfect Practice: 42 Rules for Getting Better at Getting Better. "Repeating a task daily isn't practicing unless you add intentionality."

????Practice has a role in business, says Lemov, who with Woolway and Yezzi has trained 10,000 school leaders and teachers. "It's a source of competitive advantage." Just as teachers who practice good teaching techniques get better results from their students, people who practice negotiating or other business skills will perform better than those who don't.

????So how do you go about practicing in your career? First, change your idea about what practice means. "The word practicing has had a rather bad name for a long time," says Madeline Bruser, a Juilliard-trained pianist and teacher, and author of?The Art of Practicing. "People think of it as this chore. There's no joy in it. It's a source of stress, struggle and strain and tension." Better to think of practice as a form of play -- just as musicians "play" their instruments -- in which you learn to "better express yourself so your creative intelligence comes through. You get better at solving problems." To do that, try these four steps:

????1. Identify skills worth improving

????Lemov and his co-authors suggest asking team members for lists of the top three skills people in your organization should practice. Examples include giving presentations, answering client questions, giving performance reviews, giving feedback in general, comparing your product to a competitor's during sales calls, cold calling, writing in its various forms (PowerPoint slides, memos, emails, white papers, official letters), editing and delivering edits, running a meeting, data analysis, negotiation, estimating, interviewing, and so forth.

????Lemov suggests practicing "anything that happens live that you can't do it over again if it doesn't go the way you want it to. We practice difficult conversations all the time." Use your team members' answers to create a short list of the skills you'd like to practice with the goal of mastery.

????2. Create (and name) drills

????Athletes do two main kinds of practice: scrimmage and drills. Scrimmages mimic game conditions, and seem like the obvious way to practice. If you're teaching someone how to run a meeting, for instance, wouldn't you have them run a mock meeting?