????音樂家需要練習(xí),。運動員也需要練習(xí),。他們練習(xí)的目的是為了讓自己更加精于業(yè)務(wù)。而身為職場人士,，同樣也想讓自己對工作更加精通,。但是，如果你所在的公司和其他大部分公司一樣的話,，那么，肯定極少有人在公司內(nèi)提及“練習(xí)”這個詞,。對大部分人來說,，做“練習(xí)”應(yīng)該是學(xué)校里孩子們的事情吧！

????杰出學(xué)校（Uncommon Schools）常務(wù)董事道格·賴莫夫說：“在大多數(shù)公司,，人們極少能對各種工作不斷精進,。每天重復(fù)一項任務(wù)，算不上練習(xí),，除非你在做這項任務(wù)的過程中加入了目的性,。”杰出學(xué)校是一個由32家特許學(xué)校組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò),。道格·賴莫夫與艾麗卡·沃雷,、凱蒂·耶茲合著有《完美練習(xí)：漸入佳境的42條規(guī)則》(Perfect Practice: 42 Rules for Getting Better at Getting Better)一書，三人曾培訓(xùn)過10,000名學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和教師,。賴莫夫認(rèn)為，練習(xí)在公司中有重要的作用,?！八歉偁巸?yōu)勢的源泉?！苯處煷蚰コ錾慕淌诩记?，可以提高學(xué)生的成績,。同樣，職場人士練習(xí)談判或其他商務(wù)技巧,，也將比其他人擁有更卓越的表現(xiàn),。

????那么，在職場中又該如何開始練習(xí)呢,？首先,，要改變對練習(xí)含義的看法。曾在茱莉亞音樂學(xué)院接受過培訓(xùn)的鋼琴師和教師,、《練習(xí)的藝術(shù)》（The Art of Practicing）一書的作者瑪?shù)铝漳荨げ剪斏獱栒f：“長期以來，練習(xí)這個詞一直名聲不佳,。人們認(rèn)為,，練習(xí)是件苦差事，沒有任何樂趣可言,，反而是造成壓力,、掙扎、負擔(dān),、緊張的源頭?！弊詈脤⒕毩?xí)想象成某種形式的游戲——就像音樂家彈奏樂器一樣,。在這種游戲中，你能學(xué)會“更好地表達自己,，使自己的創(chuàng)造性智慧獲得成功,。你會日益擅長解決問題?！倍@么做,，可以嘗試以下四個步驟：

????賴莫夫和他的共同作者們建議，可以向團隊成員了解人們最應(yīng)該練習(xí)哪三項技能,。比如口頭陳述,、回答客戶的問題、進行績效評估、給出反饋,，在銷售電話中將自己公司的產(chǎn)品與競爭對手進行對比,、無約電話、各種形式的文案寫作（PowerPoint幻燈片,、備忘錄、電子郵件,、白皮書,、官方信函等）、編輯和發(fā)表編輯內(nèi)容,、主持會議,、數(shù)據(jù)分析、談判,、估算、采訪等,。

????1. 明確值得提高的技能

????賴莫夫建議：“練習(xí)一切真實發(fā)生的事,。一旦它們不按預(yù)期發(fā)展，就沒有機會再來一次,。我們一直在練習(xí)高難度談話,?！崩脠F隊成員的答案，創(chuàng)建一個自己希望練習(xí)的技能列表,，目標(biāo)則是精通這些技能,。

????2. 創(chuàng)建（和命名）常規(guī)演練

????運動員會進行兩種練習(xí)：訓(xùn)練賽和常規(guī)演練。訓(xùn)練賽會模仿比賽條件,，這是顯而易見的練習(xí)方式,。如果你教某人如何主持會議,，難道你不會為他們安排一次模仿會議嗎,？

????Musicians practice. Athletes practice. They practice because they want to get better at what they do. You'd like to get better at what you do, too. But if your organization is like most, the word "practice" seldom comes up in anything beyond a discussion of kids' after school schedules.

????"Most business is full of tasks that people rarely get better at," says Doug Lemov, a managing director of Uncommon Schools, a network of 32 charter schools, and author, with Erica Woolway and Katie Yezzi, of?Perfect Practice: 42 Rules for Getting Better at Getting Better. "Repeating a task daily isn't practicing unless you add intentionality."

????Practice has a role in business, says Lemov, who with Woolway and Yezzi has trained 10,000 school leaders and teachers. "It's a source of competitive advantage." Just as teachers who practice good teaching techniques get better results from their students, people who practice negotiating or other business skills will perform better than those who don't.

????So how do you go about practicing in your career? First, change your idea about what practice means. "The word practicing has had a rather bad name for a long time," says Madeline Bruser, a Juilliard-trained pianist and teacher, and author of?The Art of Practicing. "People think of it as this chore. There's no joy in it. It's a source of stress, struggle and strain and tension." Better to think of practice as a form of play -- just as musicians "play" their instruments -- in which you learn to "better express yourself so your creative intelligence comes through. You get better at solving problems." To do that, try these four steps:

????1. Identify skills worth improving

????Lemov and his co-authors suggest asking team members for lists of the top three skills people in your organization should practice. Examples include giving presentations, answering client questions, giving performance reviews, giving feedback in general, comparing your product to a competitor's during sales calls, cold calling, writing in its various forms (PowerPoint slides, memos, emails, white papers, official letters), editing and delivering edits, running a meeting, data analysis, negotiation, estimating, interviewing, and so forth.

????Lemov suggests practicing "anything that happens live that you can't do it over again if it doesn't go the way you want it to. We practice difficult conversations all the time." Use your team members' answers to create a short list of the skills you'd like to practice with the goal of mastery.

????2. Create (and name) drills

????Athletes do two main kinds of practice: scrimmage and drills. Scrimmages mimic game conditions, and seem like the obvious way to practice. If you're teaching someone how to run a meeting, for instance, wouldn't you have them run a mock meeting?