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上周三,，維權(quán)團(tuán)體以及谷歌、Facebook和Netflix等一眾互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司聯(lián)手維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性,，反對(duì)美國聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)取消相關(guān)保護(hù)措施的提議,。但網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性到底是什么？世界上一些最大的公司又為什么要保護(hù)它呢,？

以下是大家需要了解的東西,。

何為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性？

網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性是指網(wǎng)絡(luò)向所有人開放,，也就是說,，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商不能阻攔內(nèi)容或故意延長(zhǎng)某些網(wǎng)站的頁面加載時(shí)間。聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)最初于2010年批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)原則,，其本質(zhì)就是宣布上網(wǎng)是所有人應(yīng)有的權(quán)利,。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商為什么想改變它？

因?yàn)樵谟脩粢M(jìn)入某些網(wǎng)站時(shí)向他們收費(fèi),，或者向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司收取用于躲開較慢網(wǎng)速的“快速通道”費(fèi)可以讓Comcast,、威瑞森和美國電話電報(bào)等ISP大賺一筆。

ISP如愿以償會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況,？

網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性支持者普遍擔(dān)心的是ISP可能把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一分為二,，一個(gè)是拿得出快速通道費(fèi)的大公司使用的較快網(wǎng)絡(luò)，另一個(gè)則是所有人使用的較慢網(wǎng)絡(luò)。他們還指出,，取消網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性可能提高所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶的上網(wǎng)成本,，并且會(huì)影響開放、便利的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境培育出的創(chuàng)新,，因?yàn)橛袆?chuàng)意但規(guī)模較小的初創(chuàng)公司或許無法負(fù)擔(dān)ISP費(fèi)用,。

但支持聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)廢止網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性原則的人認(rèn)為，來自Netflix和YouTube等公司的數(shù)據(jù)過多,，造成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)整體運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度下降,。對(duì)帶寬用量最多的用戶收取費(fèi)用有望提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率和速度。取消網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性還可以阻止從BitTorrent等網(wǎng)站非法下載內(nèi)容和媒體的行為,。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性之爭(zhēng)至少從2010年就開始了,，它為什么又成了焦點(diǎn)呢？

唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)任命的聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)主席,、共和黨人阿吉特·派正在積極行動(dòng),，想推翻保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定。今年5月,，該委員會(huì)投票決定推翻網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性指導(dǎo)原則,。為此，它需要在今年晚些時(shí)候再次進(jìn)行投票,，而市場(chǎng)普遍認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性的前途看來不妙,，而且是非常不妙。因此,，上述維權(quán)團(tuán)體以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司才共同將周三定為“挽救網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性行動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)日”,。

那么誰參加了當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)呢？

參加者包括谷歌,、Facebook,、美國公民自由聯(lián)盟、Reddit,、亞馬遜,、愛彼迎、推特,、Mozilla,、Netflix、Vimeo,、Spotify,、Dropbox、Expedia,、幾位眾議員和參議員以及諸多其他人士和團(tuán)體,。

基本上,，所有主要通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來開展業(yè)務(wù)的公司都可能支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性。沒有了這項(xiàng)原則,，它們就會(huì)受到快速通道費(fèi)的沖擊,；如果付不起這筆費(fèi)用，它們就可能因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)速變慢而失去用戶,。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

審稿：夏林

Activist groups and internet companies from Google to Facebook and Netflix united to defend net neutrality Wednesday from a rollback of protections proposed by the Federal Communications Commission. But what exactly is net neutrality, and why are some of the biggest companies in the world trying to protect it?

Here's what you need to know:

What is net neutrality?

Net neutrality is the idea that the web is open to everyone, meaning that internet service providers can't block content or intentionally slow down load times for particular websites. The principle, which was initially approved by the FCC in 2010, essentially states that web access is a human right that should be available for all.

Why would internet service providers want to change that?

Because ISPs like Comcast, Verizon and AT&T could make a substantial profit by charging users to access certain websites or by charging extra for "fast lanes" that allow internet companies willing to pay to bypass slower bandwidth.

What could happen if ISPs got their way?

The general fear from advocates of net neutrality is that ISPs could fracture the web into two different internets — one faster version for the major companies who could afford to pay fast lane fees, and slower version for everyone else. Proponents additionally argue that rolling back net neutrality could lead to an increase in internet bills for everyday web users and dent the innovation that can sprout from an open, available web — smaller startups with new ideas might not be able to afford the ISP fees.

But those who support the FCC's rollbacks believe that an excess of data from companies like Netflix and YouTube are slowing down the overall functionality of the internet. Charging fees to the biggest bandwidth-users could lead to a more efficient and swift connection. The end of net neutrality could also halt the illegal downloading of content and media on sites like BitTorrent.

The net neutrality debate has been ongoing since at least 2010 — why is it back in the spotlight?

FCC Chairman Ajit Pai, a Republican appointee of President Donald Trump, is actively seeking to repeal the current rules in place that protect net neutrality. In May, the FCC voted to repeal net neutrality guidelines. The decision will require another vote later this year, but the general consensus is that the future of net neutrality is not looking good — at all. In response, those aforementioned activist groups and internet companies teamed up to organize an "Internet-Wide Day of Action to Save Net Neutrality" on Wednesday.

So who is participating in that day of action?

To name a few: Google, Facebook, the American Civil Liberties Union, Reddit, Amazon, Airbnb, Twitter, Mozilla, Netflix, Vimeo, Spotify, Dropbox, Expedia, a handful of Congress and Senator members, and many other people and groups.

Basically, any company that primarily conducts its business via the internet is likely going to support net neutrality. Without it in place, they stand to get hit with fast lane fees and, if they can't afford to pay them, lose customers due to reduced bandwidth speeds.