摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)CEO杰米·戴蒙周一在年度致股東的信中寫道,,摩根大通正在為“極端不利情境”做準(zhǔn)備,這種情境的嚴(yán)重程度將超過2008年的金融危機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,。
該最差情境“假設(shè)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將出現(xiàn)更嚴(yán)重的衰退”:今年第二季度,,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)將萎縮35%,整個(gè)2020年將保持下滑趨勢(shì),,截至年底,,失業(yè)率最高將達(dá)到14%。戴蒙在信中寫道:“這個(gè)情境非常嚴(yán)重,,我們希望它不會(huì)發(fā)生,?!?/p>
相比之下,,自2008年金融危機(jī)至今,摩根大通在美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的壓力測(cè)試中模擬的最糟糕的情境,,也只是假設(shè)失業(yè)率最高達(dá)到10%,,股市下跌50%。(到目前為止,,經(jīng)過最近與新型冠狀病毒有關(guān)的幾輪暴跌,,股市較之前高點(diǎn)的最大跌幅為37%。)戴蒙寫道,,雖然新型冠狀病毒危機(jī)“與壓力測(cè)試中模擬的情境有相似的屬性”,,但它“與預(yù)期的情況截然不同”。
即使戴蒙針對(duì)此次疫情設(shè)想的最好的情況也不夠美好,,因?yàn)樗A(yù)測(cè)疫情對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響至少會(huì)與前一次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的嚴(yán)重程度相當(dāng),。戴蒙寫道:“我們假設(shè)至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重衰退和某種程度的金融壓力,,重演2008年的全球金融危機(jī)?!?/p>
戴蒙指出,,企業(yè)已經(jīng)使用了超過500億美元周轉(zhuǎn)性信貸額度,“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于全球金融危機(jī)時(shí)的水平,?!贝送猓€寫道,,摩根大通的內(nèi)部研究顯示,,有半數(shù)小企業(yè)的現(xiàn)金存量不足以維持超過15天,“進(jìn)一步解釋了為什么小企業(yè)會(huì)受到此次危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重影響,,并且在很長時(shí)間內(nèi)難以走出陰影,。”
一旦戴蒙對(duì)于新型冠狀病毒危機(jī)預(yù)測(cè)的最糟糕的情況成真,,就會(huì)引發(fā)另外一個(gè)問題:2008年至2009年大衰退之后執(zhí)行的金融監(jiān)管政策,。這些政策對(duì)摩根大通提出了資本緩沖要求,影響了其對(duì)外提供貸款的能力,。戴蒙寫道:“隨著我們?nèi)找娼咏鼧O端不利情境中描述的狀況,,當(dāng)前的監(jiān)管約束會(huì)限制我們?yōu)閹椭蛻艨梢圆扇〉拇胧词刮覀兡軌虿渴鸫罅抠Y本和流動(dòng)性,。隨著危機(jī)加劇,,最終會(huì)使客戶受到傷害?!?/p>
但戴蒙認(rèn)為,,現(xiàn)在為了減緩此次危機(jī)的影響修改監(jiān)管政策已經(jīng)為時(shí)過晚。他寫道:“這些政策未來肯定會(huì)被修改,,但不是現(xiàn)在,。”
戴蒙認(rèn)為美國針對(duì)新型冠狀病毒“沒有做好充分準(zhǔn)備”,,并在信中列舉了多個(gè)理由,,這只是其中之一。戴蒙寫道:“作為一個(gè)國家,,我們顯然沒有為這次全球疫情及其產(chǎn)生的毀滅性后果做好準(zhǔn)備,。我們本應(yīng)該有應(yīng)對(duì)疫情的預(yù)案?!?/p>
戴蒙呼吁政府把精力放在“為后續(xù)的事情做好更充分的準(zhǔn)備”,,包括制定允許人們安全復(fù)工的流程。他寫道:“只要處理得當(dāng),,進(jìn)行有序過渡,,不僅可以最大程度保證美國人的健康,,還能減少經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑持續(xù)的時(shí)間、嚴(yán)重程度和造成的破壞,?!?/p>
他建議的措施包括通過血液檢測(cè)確定對(duì)COVID-19出現(xiàn)適當(dāng)免疫力的群體。他寫道:“除此之外,,如果聯(lián)邦,、州和地方政府能夠進(jìn)行大范圍檢測(cè),讓人們可以證明他們感染過新型冠狀病毒并且已經(jīng)康復(fù),,體內(nèi)已產(chǎn)生必要抗體使他們不會(huì)再次感染,,并且也不會(huì)傳染其他人,這樣就可以加快‘復(fù)工’的速度,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Biz
摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)CEO杰米·戴蒙周一在年度致股東的信中寫道,摩根大通正在為“極端不利情境”做準(zhǔn)備,,這種情境的嚴(yán)重程度將超過2008年的金融危機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,。
該最差情境“假設(shè)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將出現(xiàn)更嚴(yán)重的衰退”:今年第二季度,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)將萎縮35%,,整個(gè)2020年將保持下滑趨勢(shì),,截至年底,失業(yè)率最高將達(dá)到14%,。戴蒙在信中寫道:“這個(gè)情境非常嚴(yán)重,,我們希望它不會(huì)發(fā)生?!?/p>
相比之下,,自2008年金融危機(jī)至今,摩根大通在美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的壓力測(cè)試中模擬的最糟糕的情境,,也只是假設(shè)失業(yè)率最高達(dá)到10%,,股市下跌50%。(到目前為止,,經(jīng)過最近與新型冠狀病毒有關(guān)的幾輪暴跌,,股市較之前高點(diǎn)的最大跌幅為37%,。)戴蒙寫道,,雖然新型冠狀病毒危機(jī)“與壓力測(cè)試中模擬的情境有相似的屬性”,但它“與預(yù)期的情況截然不同”,。
即使戴蒙針對(duì)此次疫情設(shè)想的最好的情況也不夠美好,,因?yàn)樗A(yù)測(cè)疫情對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響至少會(huì)與前一次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的嚴(yán)重程度相當(dāng)。戴蒙寫道:“我們假設(shè)至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重衰退和某種程度的金融壓力,,重演2008年的全球金融危機(jī),?!?/p>
戴蒙指出,企業(yè)已經(jīng)使用了超過500億美元周轉(zhuǎn)性信貸額度,,“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于全球金融危機(jī)時(shí)的水平,。”此外,,他還寫道,,摩根大通的內(nèi)部研究顯示,有半數(shù)小企業(yè)的現(xiàn)金存量不足以維持超過15天,,“進(jìn)一步解釋了為什么小企業(yè)會(huì)受到此次危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重影響,,并且在很長時(shí)間內(nèi)難以走出陰影?!?/p>
一旦戴蒙對(duì)于新型冠狀病毒危機(jī)預(yù)測(cè)的最糟糕的情況成真,,就會(huì)引發(fā)另外一個(gè)問題:2008年至2009年大衰退之后執(zhí)行的金融監(jiān)管政策。這些政策對(duì)摩根大通提出了資本緩沖要求,,影響了其對(duì)外提供貸款的能力,。戴蒙寫道:“隨著我們?nèi)找娼咏鼧O端不利情境中描述的狀況,當(dāng)前的監(jiān)管約束會(huì)限制我們?yōu)閹椭蛻艨梢圆扇〉拇胧?,即使我們能夠部署大量資本和流動(dòng)性,。隨著危機(jī)加劇,最終會(huì)使客戶受到傷害,?!?/p>
但戴蒙認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)在為了減緩此次危機(jī)的影響修改監(jiān)管政策已經(jīng)為時(shí)過晚,。他寫道:“這些政策未來肯定會(huì)被修改,,但不是現(xiàn)在?!?/p>
戴蒙認(rèn)為美國針對(duì)新型冠狀病毒“沒有做好充分準(zhǔn)備”,,并在信中列舉了多個(gè)理由,這只是其中之一,。戴蒙寫道:“作為一個(gè)國家,,我們顯然沒有為這次全球疫情及其產(chǎn)生的毀滅性后果做好準(zhǔn)備。我們本應(yīng)該有應(yīng)對(duì)疫情的預(yù)案,?!?/p>
戴蒙呼吁政府把精力放在“為后續(xù)的事情做好更充分的準(zhǔn)備”,包括制定允許人們安全復(fù)工的流程,。他寫道:“只要處理得當(dāng),,進(jìn)行有序過渡,不僅可以最大程度保證美國人的健康,,還能減少經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑持續(xù)的時(shí)間,、嚴(yán)重程度和造成的破壞,。”
他建議的措施包括通過血液檢測(cè)確定對(duì)COVID-19出現(xiàn)適當(dāng)免疫力的群體,。他寫道:“除此之外,,如果聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府能夠進(jìn)行大范圍檢測(cè),,讓人們可以證明他們感染過新型冠狀病毒并且已經(jīng)康復(fù),,體內(nèi)已產(chǎn)生必要抗體使他們不會(huì)再次感染,并且也不會(huì)傳染其他人,,這樣就可以加快‘復(fù)工’的速度,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Biz
JPMorgan Chase is preparing for “an extremely adverse scenario,” worse than the 2008 financial crisis and recession, CEO Jamie Dimon wrote in his annual letter published Monday.
That worst-case scenario “assumes an even deeper contraction,” with gross domestic product (GDP) shrinking 35% in the second quarter of this year and remaining down through 2020, while the unemployment rate peaks at 14% by the end of the year. “This scenario is quite severe and, we hope, unlikely,” Dimon wrote in the letter.
By comparison, since the 2008 financial crisis until now, the worst-case scenario the bank had modeled in its stress tests for the Federal Reserve assumed a peak unemployment rate of 10%, as well as a 50% drop in the stock market. (So far, in the recent coronavirus-related market crash, stocks have fallen at most 37% from their previous highs.) While the coronavirus crisis “shares attributes with what is being stress-tested,” Dimon wrote, it “is dramatically different from the expected.”
Even Dimon’s best-case scenario for the current pandemic isn’t all that rosy, as he expects it to be at least as severe as the previous recession. “At a minimum, we assume that it will include a bad recession combined with some kind of financial stress similar to the global financial crisis of 2008,” Dimon wrote.
Indeed, the CEO pointed out, companies have already tapped their revolving credit lines for more than $50 billion, drawing down an amount that “already dramatically exceeds what happened in the global financial crisis.” Meanwhile, he wrote, half of small businesses don’t have enough cash stockpiled to last them more than 15 days, according to the bank’s internal research, “reinforcing why small businesses are being heavily disrupted by the current crisis and will feel the effects for a significant period of time.”
In the event that the coronavirus crisis approaches Dimon’s worst-case projections, another problem arises: Financial regulations implemented in the wake of the 2008–09 Great Recession hamstring JPMorgan Chase’s ability to lend out its capital by requiring it to maintain a buffer in its coffers. “As we get closer to the extremely adverse scenario, current regulatory constraints will limit additional actions we can take to help clients—in spite of the extraordinary amount of capital and liquidity we could deploy,” Dimon wrote. “This can hurt customers as the crisis deepens.”
Yet he also recognizes that it’s too late to try to change the rules in time to alleviate this crisis. “There will be a time and place for that—but not now,” he wrote.
That’s only one of several reasons he thinks the U.S. “was not adequately prepared” for the coronavirus. “As a nation, we were clearly not equipped for this global pandemic, and the consequences have been devastating,” Dimon wrote. “There should have been a pandemic playbook.”
Instead, Dimon urged the country to focus on being “more prepared for what comes next,” including laying out a process to get people safely back to work. “Done right, a disciplined transition would maximize the health of Americans and minimize the time, extent, and suffering caused by the economic downturn,” Dimon wrote.
That includes rolling out blood tests to determine who has developed the proper immunities to COVID-19, he recommended. “In addition, this ‘return to work’ process could be accelerated if federal, state, and local governments make tests widely available that allow people to certify that they have contracted and recovered from the disease, have the necessary antibodies to prevent them from getting sick again, and are not infectious to anyone,” Dimon wrote.