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原油期貨的“魔幻”下跌,,能代表真實交易情況嗎,?

Katherine Dunn
2020-04-21

以前特朗普的一條推文或者歐佩克的一份聲明能讓油價上漲,但問題是現(xiàn)在石油市場還會買賬嗎,?

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本周一,,需求迅速減少和儲油空間不足嚴重影響到了金融市場的繁榮,原油價格有史以來首次跌入負值區(qū)間,。這意味著賣方實際上在付錢讓買方買走他們的石油,。

截至紐約時間周一下午晚些時候,當月西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油(WTI)期貨合約的價格為每桶負38.45美元,,當天跌幅高達310.45%,。

奧斯陸能源咨詢公司Rystad Energy的石油分析師路易斯·迪克森說:“這就像是在解讀一件史無前例的、似乎不真實的事件,?!?/p>

盡管分析師警告原油市場疲軟,但此次大幅下跌在很大程度上反映了技術面崩盤,,并不代表真實交易情況,。

當前的價格只體現(xiàn)了周二到期的5月原油期貨合約的價格,不能代表6月合約的價格水平,。在當前的交易中,,6月合約占大部分,因此更能代表WTI原油的整體價格,。

所以5月合約的流動性嚴重不足,,在合約即將到期時,持有這些合約的投資者只能被迫收下當前肯定無人問津的石油,。(這就像是一場代價高昂的搶座位游戲,。)

奧斯陸SEB公司的首席商品分析師比亞內(nèi)·師爾多普表示:“顯然會有人賠的血本無歸?!彼f,,價格下跌到每桶負40美元是“單純的金融波動”,不能體現(xiàn)真實的市場狀況,。

例如,,周一,6月WTI原油期貨合約的結算價為每桶20.43美元,,與上周的水平基本持平,。據(jù)彭博社報道,5,、6月合約的價差一度擴大到至少每桶60美元,,為歷史上兩個相鄰月份合約的最大價差。這表明與今年晚些時候的預期行情相比,,近期原油市場嚴重疲軟,。

當天,布倫特原油期貨合約的價格僅下跌7.55%,,收盤前不久穩(wěn)定在每桶25.96美元,,與5月WTI原油期貨合約的走勢也有巨大差異,。

但世界各地為了應對新冠疫情而紛紛執(zhí)行封城措施,導致石油需求大幅下跌,,因此全球石油市場陷入低迷,,這是不爭的事實。由此導致的市場供應過剩使油價暴跌,,即使OPEC+削減產(chǎn)量似乎也無力阻止下跌的趨勢,。

事實上,石油供應過剩的情況如此嚴重,,已經(jīng)造成了儲油危機,,擠壓的石油庫存導致儲油空間比石油本身更有價值。儲油空間短缺已經(jīng)引發(fā)了“關井潮”,,石油企業(yè)紛紛停止開展鉆探和煉油業(yè)務,。

這種趨勢導致在石油實物交易中很有可能出現(xiàn)負價格。除非徹底停產(chǎn),,否則為了賣掉庫存為更多石油騰出儲油空間,,許多產(chǎn)油企業(yè)可能不得不付錢給買家。上周,,彭博社報道稱已經(jīng)有得克薩斯州的賣家以每桶2美元的低價拋售原油,。

幾周來,分析師們不斷發(fā)出警告,,認為備用儲油容量迅速耗盡,,意味著許多地區(qū)將不得不停止鉆探和煉油業(yè)務。Rystad Energy在周一表示,,亞伯達、委內(nèi)瑞拉和伊拉克等區(qū)域受到的沖擊最大,,并且4月截至目前,,關井潮已經(jīng)導致石油日產(chǎn)量減少了約190萬桶。美國的儲油空間同樣面臨壓力,。美國能源信息署(U.S. Energy Information Administration)表示,,位于得克薩斯州庫欣的儲油空間快速告竭。

師爾多普稱,,未來石油價格還會有更多波動,,主要原因可能來自石油市場最常見的兩個新聞來源:歐佩克(OPEC)和美國總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普。

師爾多普稱:“如果現(xiàn)在歐佩克和唐納德·特朗普都不發(fā)聲,,還有誰有會發(fā)表意見呢,?畢竟當前的市場形勢異常嚴峻!”

盡管以前特朗普的一條推文或者歐佩克的一份聲明能讓油價上漲,,但問題是現(xiàn)在石油市場還會買賬嗎,?(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Biz

本周一,,需求迅速減少和儲油空間不足嚴重影響到了金融市場的繁榮,原油價格有史以來首次跌入負值區(qū)間,。這意味著賣方實際上在付錢讓買方買走他們的石油,。

截至紐約時間周一下午晚些時候,當月西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油(WTI)期貨合約的價格為每桶負38.45美元,,當天跌幅高達310.45%,。

奧斯陸能源咨詢公司Rystad Energy的石油分析師路易斯·迪克森說:“這就像是在解讀一件史無前例的、似乎不真實的事件,?!?/p>

盡管分析師警告原油市場疲軟,但此次大幅下跌在很大程度上反映了技術面崩盤,,并不代表真實交易情況,。

當前的價格只體現(xiàn)了周二到期的5月原油期貨合約的價格,不能代表6月合約的價格水平,。在當前的交易中,,6月合約占大部分,因此更能代表WTI原油的整體價格,。

所以5月合約的流動性嚴重不足,,在合約即將到期時,持有這些合約的投資者只能被迫收下當前肯定無人問津的石油,。(這就像是一場代價高昂的搶座位游戲,。)

奧斯陸SEB公司的首席商品分析師比亞內(nèi)·師爾多普表示:“顯然會有人賠的血本無歸?!彼f,,價格下跌到每桶負40美元是“單純的金融波動”,不能體現(xiàn)真實的市場狀況,。

例如,,周一,6月WTI原油期貨合約的結算價為每桶20.43美元,,與上周的水平基本持平,。據(jù)彭博社報道,5,、6月合約的價差一度擴大到至少每桶60美元,,為歷史上兩個相鄰月份合約的最大價差。這表明與今年晚些時候的預期行情相比,,近期原油市場嚴重疲軟,。

當天,布倫特原油期貨合約的價格僅下跌7.55%,收盤前不久穩(wěn)定在每桶25.96美元,,與5月WTI原油期貨合約的走勢也有巨大差異,。

但世界各地為了應對新冠疫情而紛紛執(zhí)行封城措施,導致石油需求大幅下跌,,因此全球石油市場陷入低迷,,這是不爭的事實。由此導致的市場供應過剩使油價暴跌,,即使OPEC+削減產(chǎn)量似乎也無力阻止下跌的趨勢,。

事實上,石油供應過剩的情況如此嚴重,,已經(jīng)造成了儲油危機,,擠壓的石油庫存導致儲油空間比石油本身更有價值。儲油空間短缺已經(jīng)引發(fā)了“關井潮”,,石油企業(yè)紛紛停止開展鉆探和煉油業(yè)務,。

這種趨勢導致在石油實物交易中很有可能出現(xiàn)負價格。除非徹底停產(chǎn),,否則為了賣掉庫存為更多石油騰出儲油空間,,許多產(chǎn)油企業(yè)可能不得不付錢給買家。上周,,彭博社報道稱已經(jīng)有得克薩斯州的賣家以每桶2美元的低價拋售原油,。

幾周來,分析師們不斷發(fā)出警告,,認為備用儲油容量迅速耗盡,,意味著許多地區(qū)將不得不停止鉆探和煉油業(yè)務。Rystad Energy在周一表示,,亞伯達,、委內(nèi)瑞拉和伊拉克等區(qū)域受到的沖擊最大,并且4月截至目前,,關井潮已經(jīng)導致石油日產(chǎn)量減少了約190萬桶,。美國的儲油空間同樣面臨壓力。美國能源信息署(U.S. Energy Information Administration)表示,,位于得克薩斯州庫欣的儲油空間快速告竭,。

師爾多普稱,,未來石油價格還會有更多波動,,主要原因可能來自石油市場最常見的兩個新聞來源:歐佩克(OPEC)和美國總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普。

師爾多普稱:“如果現(xiàn)在歐佩克和唐納德·特朗普都不發(fā)聲,,還有誰有會發(fā)表意見呢,?畢竟當前的市場形勢異常嚴峻!”

盡管以前特朗普的一條推文或者歐佩克的一份聲明能讓油價上漲,,但問題是現(xiàn)在石油市場還會買賬嗎,?(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Biz

Crude oil prices dropped into negative territory for the first time in history Monday, as financial fireworks collided with evaporating demand and scarce storage. The decline below zero means that sellers are effectively paying buyers to take the oil off their hands.

By late Monday afternoon New York time, the front month WTI contract was sitting at minus $38.45/barrel, down an eye-watering 310.45% on the day.

"It’s like trying to explain something that is unprecedented and seemingly unreal," said Louise Dickson, an oil analyst at Oslo based Rystad Energy.

That descent into negative territory marks a remarkable, apparently unstoppable, decline over the course of the day. However, while analysts warn the market is weak, the sheer scale of the decline is largely a reflection of a technical clash—rather than real-world trading.

The price currently reflects the May contract, which will expire on Tuesday, rather than the June contract—which is currently seeing the bulk of the trading, and is therefore far more reflective of the WTI price as a whole.

The May contract, therefore, is hugely illiquid—and whoever is left holding the contracts when it closes could be forced to take delivery of barrels of oil that no one, it is safe to say, currently wants. (Think of it like a very expensive game of musical chairs.)

"What's very apparent is someone lost their shirt," said Bjarne Schieldrop, chief commodities analyst at SEB in Oslo. A drop to negative $40/barrel is "pure financial action", rather than a reflection of the true market, he said.

The June WTI contract on Monday, for example, settled at $20.43/barrel—similar to prices seen last week. The gap between May and June, which was at points at least $60/barrel, was the largest gap between two back-to-back month contracts ever seen, Bloomberg reported—reflecting that the market is dramatically weaker in the near term than it's expected to be later on in the year.

It also represents a huge divergence from the Brent crude contract, for example, which only weakened 7.55% on the day, sitting at $25.96/barrel shortly before the close.

However, the global oil market is undoubtedly weak—driven by the utter demand collapse due to worldwide lockdowns as a result of COVID-19, which has produced a market so oversupplied it has triggered a price collapse it appears even production cuts by OPEC+ have so far been powerless to halt.

That oversupply is so extreme, in fact, it has triggered a storage crisis—creating a backlog that has made storage space more valuable than the oil itself. That is already causing "shut ins", industry jargon for halting drilling and refining, because there is nowhere for the oil to go.

In the physical world of oil trading, this makes negative prices highly likely—until production halts totally, just to make space for more oil, many producers could forced to pay for someone else to take it off their hands. Last week, Bloomberg reported that some sellers in Texas were already selling off crude for as little as $2/barrel.

Analysts have been warning for weeks that quickly disappearing spare storage capacity would mean that drilling and refining of oil in many regions would have to be stopped. Rystad Energy said on Monday that the hardest-hit regions were Alberta, Venezuela, and Iraq, and that shut ins had already resulted in an estimated 1.9 million barrels/day being taken offline so far in April. Storage in the U.S. is also under pressure—space in the Cushing facility in Texas was also rapidly disappearing, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

There is likely more volatility to come, warned Schieldrop—and it will likely come from the two most common news making sources on oil markets: OPEC, and U.S. President Donald Trump.

"If OPEC doesn't say anything now, or Donald Trump doesn't say anything now, who would say anything?" Schieldrop said. "This is just overboard!"

But while a tweet or an OPEC statement have made prices jump before, the question now is whether the oil markets are even listening.

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