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以防控疫情為由,,美國在美墨邊境增設(shè)攝像頭

Dria Roland
2020-04-30

美國如今在墨西哥邊境的行動變得越來越軍事化和神秘,。

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盡管非法入境的人數(shù)有所下滑,,但特朗普政府悄悄地在美國墨西哥邊境安裝了軍用監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭,,以應(yīng)對新冠疫情,。美國如今在墨西哥邊境的行動變得越來越軍事化和神秘,,而這只是其最新的舉措,。

美聯(lián)社獲取的文件顯示,國防部本月在國土安全局的要求下向西南部邊境發(fā)送了60臺移動監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭,,并增派了540名軍人,。這些文件并非是機(jī)密文件,但僅供官方使用,,摘自上周向美國北部陸軍司令中將勞拉·理查德森匯報(bào)的PPT文件,。美國北部陸軍是負(fù)責(zé)邊境軍事行動的主要部隊(duì)。

美國國土安全局下設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局發(fā)言人馬修·戴曼表示,,這些攝像頭將由軍方操控,,并在疫情結(jié)束后移除。

他指出,,請求安裝攝像頭的原因并非“基于邊境人流量”,,而是墨西哥日趨嚴(yán)重的疫情。

戴曼在一封郵件中寫道:“每個(gè)逃過逮捕并深入美國境內(nèi)的人都有可能攜帶新冠病毒,,繼而威脅美國民眾的生命安全,。”

海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局稱,,因非法入境而遭到扣押的人自去年5月峰值以來下滑了77%,。4月的數(shù)字還沒有公布,但預(yù)計(jì)會更低,。

就在攝像頭安裝數(shù)天后,,特朗普總統(tǒng)于上周三(4月22日)簽署行政令,暫停發(fā)放綠卡60天,,以便在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)受新冠疫情破壞期間限制移民對美國工作崗位的競爭,。

特朗普在疫情期間動用緊急力量來實(shí)施激進(jìn)的邊境防控政策,其中包括拒絕或直接遣返庇護(hù)尋求者,,包括兒童,。

戴曼表示,軍方的介入意味著更多的邊防巡邏隊(duì)可以將精力放在抓捕非法入境人士或依據(jù)很少使用的公眾健康法來驅(qū)逐外國人,而這正是特朗普政府在疫情期間所使用的法律,。

文件稱,,新安裝的移動攝像頭位于卡車背部,讓邊境攝像頭總數(shù)達(dá)到了192個(gè),。

南部邊境專家大衛(wèi)·舍科認(rèn)為增加攝像頭和軍隊(duì)毫無道理可言,。他指出,墨西哥到目前為止確診感染新冠病毒的人數(shù)與美國相比相差甚遠(yuǎn),,而有些被美國遣返的墨西哥人則將病毒帶回了其祖國,。

圣迭戈大學(xué)政治學(xué)副教授舍科說:“沒有證據(jù)顯示新冠病毒感染病患大量徘徊在邊境,而且也沒有證據(jù)顯示新冠病毒導(dǎo)致了試圖入境人數(shù)的激增,?!?/p>

政府統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)字也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。美國在墨西哥邊境逮捕的人數(shù)連續(xù)9個(gè)月出現(xiàn)下滑,。

文件顯示,,60臺新增移動監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭計(jì)劃從上周日(4月26日)開始進(jìn)入操控和運(yùn)行階段。當(dāng)天,,墨西哥健康部長稱,,與美國接壤的墨西哥六個(gè)州共計(jì)報(bào)道了約125例新冠病毒確診病例。作為對比,,與墨西哥接壤的美國四個(gè)州(加州,、亞利桑那州、新墨西哥州和得州)上周日報(bào)道的新增病例共計(jì)約5.5萬個(gè),。

就在去年8月,,五角大樓官員也曾考慮過國土安全局向邊境派送偵察機(jī)和軍事無人機(jī)的請求,也就是曾經(jīng)在阿富汗和伊拉克戰(zhàn)地服役過的機(jī)型,。

政府官員拒絕透露這個(gè)最初由《新聞周刊》于去年8月9日報(bào)道的計(jì)劃是否依然在運(yùn)作當(dāng)中,。12月,美國北部陸軍司令理查德森下令將有關(guān)美國墨西哥邊境的非保密歷史文件以及每日情況的匯報(bào),,劃分至保密系統(tǒng),,以防止進(jìn)一步的泄露。

在新增部隊(duì)抵達(dá)之后,,邊境上共有約3000名現(xiàn)役軍人和2500名國名警衛(wèi)隊(duì)官兵,。他們受命不得進(jìn)行執(zhí)法活動,行事十分低調(diào),,主要從事地面監(jiān)控,。

邊境守衛(wèi)任務(wù)是美國歷史上現(xiàn)役部隊(duì)耗時(shí)最長的任務(wù)之一,自2017年10月以來耗費(fèi)了5億多美元,。美國國防部還撥款近100億美元來修建特朗普的邊境墻,。

舍科教授說:“美國邊境是全球軍事化程度最高的和平邊境,,而且邊境當(dāng)前的軍事化程度比兩國有史以來的任何時(shí)候都要高。我認(rèn)為政府明顯是想利用這場危機(jī)來嘗試推行其隱性本土政策目標(biāo),,即限制移民,?!?/p>

特朗普將每月邊境抓捕人數(shù)作為決定其政策是否奏效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,這一點(diǎn)在選舉年變得尤為重要。一般來講,,越境人數(shù)在天氣變熱時(shí)會出現(xiàn)下滑,,在冬季會有所上升。

然而,,美國新冠病毒感染病例在3月出現(xiàn)了激增,,但邊境的抓捕人數(shù)則繼續(xù)下探,從2月的30,074名降至29,953名,,此前5月峰值曾達(dá)到過132,856名,。

湊巧的是在這一時(shí)期,美國依據(jù)于3月20日悄然啟用的公共衛(wèi)生條例,,驅(qū)逐了1萬多名尋求庇護(hù)的墨西哥人和中美人士,。同時(shí),特朗普在3月20日那天宣布將關(guān)閉南部邊境,,非必要旅行不得入境,。

美國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人羅伯特·瑞德菲爾德博士在上周一(4月20日)將“保持大部分收容系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉”的規(guī)定延長至5月20日。他的這一命令提到邊境巡邏站和入境口岸會引入新冠病毒,,繼而深入美國境內(nèi),,并將其描述為“嚴(yán)重危害”。

至少有272名海關(guān)及邊境保護(hù)局雇員已經(jīng)確診感染了該病毒,,其中有62名來自于與墨西哥接壤的多個(gè)州,。

瑞德菲爾德還注意到,邊境美國一側(cè)的很多地方都未出現(xiàn)大面積的社區(qū)傳染,,因此加拿大和墨西哥疫情依然對于“此類地區(qū)來說是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的威脅,。”話雖如此,,美國到目前為止是全球確診病例最多的國家,。

國土安全部索要這些攝像頭的依據(jù)是《經(jīng)濟(jì)法案》,該法案能夠讓聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)從其他聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)那里預(yù)定產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),。

這部由國會于1932年通過的《經(jīng)濟(jì)法案》旨在杜絕聯(lián)邦政府之間的重疊活動,。但該法案曾出現(xiàn)過被濫用的情況,因此又追加了一些條件,,例如它要求索要機(jī)構(gòu)證明其要求能夠滿足財(cái)政年度內(nèi)當(dāng)前存在或?qū)⒁霈F(xiàn)的善意需求,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Feb

盡管非法入境的人數(shù)有所下滑,,但特朗普政府悄悄地在美國墨西哥邊境安裝了軍用監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭,以應(yīng)對新冠疫情,。美國如今在墨西哥邊境的行動變得越來越軍事化和神秘,,而這只是其最新的舉措。

美聯(lián)社獲取的文件顯示,,國防部本月在國土安全局的要求下向西南部邊境發(fā)送了60臺移動監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭,,并增派了540名軍人。這些文件并非是機(jī)密文件,,但僅供官方使用,,摘自上周向美國北部陸軍司令中將勞拉·理查德森匯報(bào)的PPT文件。美國北部陸軍是負(fù)責(zé)邊境軍事行動的主要部隊(duì),。

美國國土安全局下設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局發(fā)言人馬修·戴曼表示,,這些攝像頭將由軍方操控,并在疫情結(jié)束后移除,。

他指出,,請求安裝攝像頭的原因并非“基于邊境人流量”,而是墨西哥日趨嚴(yán)重的疫情,。

戴曼在一封郵件中寫道:“每個(gè)逃過逮捕并深入美國境內(nèi)的人都有可能攜帶新冠病毒,,繼而威脅美國民眾的生命安全?!?/p>

海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局稱,,因非法入境而遭到扣押的人自去年5月峰值以來下滑了77%。4月的數(shù)字還沒有公布,,但預(yù)計(jì)會更低,。

就在攝像頭安裝數(shù)天后,特朗普總統(tǒng)于上周三(4月22日)簽署行政令,,暫停發(fā)放綠卡60天,,以便在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)受新冠疫情破壞期間限制移民對美國工作崗位的競爭。

特朗普在疫情期間動用緊急力量來實(shí)施激進(jìn)的邊境防控政策,,其中包括拒絕或直接遣返庇護(hù)尋求者,,包括兒童。

戴曼表示,,軍方的介入意味著更多的邊防巡邏隊(duì)可以將精力放在抓捕非法入境人士或依據(jù)很少使用的公眾健康法來驅(qū)逐外國人,,而這正是特朗普政府在疫情期間所使用的法律。

文件稱,,新安裝的移動攝像頭位于卡車背部,,讓邊境攝像頭總數(shù)達(dá)到了192個(gè)。

南部邊境專家大衛(wèi)·舍科認(rèn)為增加攝像頭和軍隊(duì)毫無道理可言,。他指出,,墨西哥到目前為止確診感染新冠病毒的人數(shù)與美國相比相差甚遠(yuǎn),,而有些被美國遣返的墨西哥人則將病毒帶回了其祖國。

圣迭戈大學(xué)政治學(xué)副教授舍科說:“沒有證據(jù)顯示新冠病毒感染病患大量徘徊在邊境,,而且也沒有證據(jù)顯示新冠病毒導(dǎo)致了試圖入境人數(shù)的激增,。”

政府統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)字也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn),。美國在墨西哥邊境逮捕的人數(shù)連續(xù)9個(gè)月出現(xiàn)下滑,。

文件顯示,60臺新增移動監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭計(jì)劃從上周日(4月26日)開始進(jìn)入操控和運(yùn)行階段,。當(dāng)天,,墨西哥健康部長稱,,與美國接壤的墨西哥六個(gè)州共計(jì)報(bào)道了約125例新冠病毒確診病例,。作為對比,與墨西哥接壤的美國四個(gè)州(加州,、亞利桑那州,、新墨西哥州和得州)上周日報(bào)道的新增病例共計(jì)約5.5萬個(gè)。

就在去年8月,,五角大樓官員也曾考慮過國土安全局向邊境派送偵察機(jī)和軍事無人機(jī)的請求,,也就是曾經(jīng)在阿富汗和伊拉克戰(zhàn)地服役過的機(jī)型。

政府官員拒絕透露這個(gè)最初由《新聞周刊》于去年8月9日報(bào)道的計(jì)劃是否依然在運(yùn)作當(dāng)中,。12月,,美國北部陸軍司令理查德森下令將有關(guān)美國墨西哥邊境的非保密歷史文件以及每日情況的匯報(bào),劃分至保密系統(tǒng),,以防止進(jìn)一步的泄露,。

在新增部隊(duì)抵達(dá)之后,邊境上共有約3000名現(xiàn)役軍人和2500名國名警衛(wèi)隊(duì)官兵,。他們受命不得進(jìn)行執(zhí)法活動,,行事十分低調(diào),主要從事地面監(jiān)控,。

邊境守衛(wèi)任務(wù)是美國歷史上現(xiàn)役部隊(duì)耗時(shí)最長的任務(wù)之一,,自2017年10月以來耗費(fèi)了5億多美元。美國國防部還撥款近100億美元來修建特朗普的邊境墻,。

舍科教授說:“美國邊境是全球軍事化程度最高的和平邊境,,而且邊境當(dāng)前的軍事化程度比兩國有史以來的任何時(shí)候都要高。我認(rèn)為政府明顯是想利用這場危機(jī)來嘗試推行其隱性本土政策目標(biāo),,即限制移民,。”

特朗普將每月邊境抓捕人數(shù)作為決定其政策是否奏效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,這一點(diǎn)在選舉年變得尤為重要,。一般來講,,越境人數(shù)在天氣變熱時(shí)會出現(xiàn)下滑,在冬季會有所上升,。

然而,,美國新冠病毒感染病例在3月出現(xiàn)了激增,但邊境的抓捕人數(shù)則繼續(xù)下探,,從2月的30,074名降至29,953名,,此前5月峰值曾達(dá)到過132,856名。

湊巧的是在這一時(shí)期,,美國依據(jù)于3月20日悄然啟用的公共衛(wèi)生條例,,驅(qū)逐了1萬多名尋求庇護(hù)的墨西哥人和中美人士。同時(shí),,特朗普在3月20日那天宣布將關(guān)閉南部邊境,,非必要旅行不得入境。

美國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人羅伯特·瑞德菲爾德博士在上周一(4月20日)將“保持大部分收容系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉”的規(guī)定延長至5月20日,。他的這一命令提到邊境巡邏站和入境口岸會引入新冠病毒,,繼而深入美國境內(nèi),并將其描述為“嚴(yán)重危害”,。

至少有272名海關(guān)及邊境保護(hù)局雇員已經(jīng)確診感染了該病毒,,其中有62名來自于與墨西哥接壤的多個(gè)州。

瑞德菲爾德還注意到,,邊境美國一側(cè)的很多地方都未出現(xiàn)大面積的社區(qū)傳染,,因此加拿大和墨西哥疫情依然對于“此類地區(qū)來說是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的威脅?!痹掚m如此,,美國到目前為止是全球確診病例最多的國家。

國土安全部索要這些攝像頭的依據(jù)是《經(jīng)濟(jì)法案》,,該法案能夠讓聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)從其他聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)那里預(yù)定產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),。

這部由國會于1932年通過的《經(jīng)濟(jì)法案》旨在杜絕聯(lián)邦政府之間的重疊活動。但該法案曾出現(xiàn)過被濫用的情況,,因此又追加了一些條件,,例如它要求索要機(jī)構(gòu)證明其要求能夠滿足財(cái)政年度內(nèi)當(dāng)前存在或?qū)⒁霈F(xiàn)的善意需求。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Feb

The Trump administration has been quietly adding military surveillance cameras at the U.S.-Mexico border in response to the coronavirus pandemic, though fewer people appear to be crossing illegally. It's the latest move as operations at the U.S.-Mexico border have become increasingly militarized and secretive.

Documents obtained by The Associated Press show the Department of Defense, at the request of the Department of Homeland Security, sent 60 mobile surveillance cameras and 540 additional troops to the southwest border this month. The documents are unclassified but for official use only and were part of PowerPoint slides created last week to brief Lt. Gen. Laura J. Richardson, commander of U.S. Army North, the primary unit overseeing military operations at the border.

The cameras are manned by the military and will be removed after the pandemic has ended, said Matthew Dyman, a spokesman for Customs and Border Protection, which is under the Department of Homeland Security.

The request for cameras was not “based on border flow numbers" but on rising coronavirus cases in Mexico, he said.

“Each person that avoids arrest and makes further entry into the United States has the potential to be carrying the COVID-19 virus and puts American lives at risk," Dyman said in a email.

Apprehensions of people crossing illegally have declined by 77% since a peak in May, according to Customs and Border Protection. April figures have not been released yet but are expected to be even lower.

The cameras were set up days before President Donald Trump signed an executive order last Wednesday placing a 60-day pause on issuing green cards in an effort to limit competition for jobs in a U.S. economy wrecked by the coronavirus.

Trump has used emergency powers during the pandemic to implement an aggressive border crackdown that has included turning away or immediately deporting asylum-seekers, including minors.

The military help means more Border Patrol agents can focus on apprehending people who cross illegally or expelling foreigners under a rarely used public health law that the Trump administration tapped amid the pandemic, Dyman said.

The addition of the mobile cameras, which are are mounted in the back of trucks, bring the total to 192, according to the documents.

Southern border expert David Shirk sees no justification for adding cameras and troops. He pointed out that Mexico so far has a fraction of the number of COVID-19 cases that have been confirmed in the United States, while deportees flown back from the U.S. have introduced cases in their home countries.

“There is no evidence that suggests there are hordes of COVID-19 patients lined up along the border," said Shirk, an associate political science professor at University of San Diego. “And there is no evidence that COVID-19 is even contributing to a surge in people trying to cross the border."

The government's own numbers show the opposite. Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border have been declining for nine straight months.

As of last Sunday, the 60 added mobile surveillance cameras planned to be manned and operational, according to the documents. That day, the six Mexican states bordering the U.S. reported a total of about 125 confirmed COVID-19 cases, according to Mexico's health secretary. By comparison, the four U.S. states that border Mexico—California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas—recorded about 55,000 infections last Sunday.

Pentagon officials as recently as August were considering a request from the Department of Homeland Security to send reconnaissance planes and military drones designed for battlegrounds in Afghanistan and Iraq to the border.

Administration officials have declined to say whether that plan, first reported by Newsweek on Aug. 9, is still in the works. In December, Richardson, the U.S. Army North commander, ordered historically unclassified documents and daily briefings on the U.S.-Mexico border to be moved to a classified system to prevent further leaks.

With the additional troops, about 3,000 active-duty service members are on the border along with 2,500 National Guard troops. Barred from law enforcement duties, they have kept a low profile and are largely doing on-the-ground surveillance.

The border mission—marking one of the longest deployments of active-duty troops to the border in U.S. history—has cost more than $500 million since October 2017. The Defense Department also has reallocated nearly $10 billion to building Trump's border wall.

“The U.S. border is the most militarized peacetime border in the world, and the border is more militarized today than it ever was in the entire history of our two countries," said Shirk, the professor. “I think the administration is clearly exploiting a crisis to try to advance its ulterior domestic policy objective of restricting immigration."

Trump uses the monthly border tallies on apprehensions as a benchmark to determine how his policies are working, and that’s become particularly important in an election year. The number of people crossing the border traditionally declines when it’s hot outside, and the winter months often see increases.

However, as COVID-19 cases in the United States jumped dramatically in March, apprehensions at the border dipped further, to 29,953 from 30,074 in February and a peak of 132,856 in May.

That coincided with the U.S. expelling more than 10,000 Mexican and Central American asylum-seekers under public health rules that the administration quietly began using March 20 — the same day Trump announced the southern border was closed to nonessential travel.

The head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Robert Redfield, on last Monday extended the rules largely shutting down the asylum system until May 20. His order described a “serious danger” of COVID-19 being introduced at Border Patrol stations and ports of entry as well as further into the country.

At least 272 Customs and Border Protection employees have tested positive for the virus, including 62 in states bordering Mexico.

Redfield also noted that many places on the U.S. side of the border have not yet experienced widespread community transmission of the virus and therefore the pandemic in Canada and Mexico remain “a serious danger to such locations." That's despite the U.S. having the most cases in the world by far.

The Department of Homeland Security requested the cameras under the Economy Act, which allows federal agencies to order goods and services from other federal agencies.

Congress passed the law in 1932 to eliminate overlapping activities of the federal government. It has been abused, so conditions have been added, including a requirement that the requesting agency demonstrate that its request meets a bona fide need that either exists or is arising within the fiscal year.

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