隨著美國失業(yè)率的不斷上升,,美股表現(xiàn)如何呢?
對股市觀察者來說,,探討這兩者之間的關(guān)系可能并沒有多大意義,但對于一些策略師而言,,這一做法并不奇怪,。
上周五(5月8日),,美國股市上漲了近2%,盡管美國勞工部于當(dāng)天同時(shí)公布了上月的失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)——4月份美國減少了2,,050萬個(gè)工作崗位,,打破了歷史記錄,失業(yè)率從4.4%躍升到了14.7%,。然而,,事實(shí)上失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是一個(gè)滯后指標(biāo)——這意味著它發(fā)出的信號(hào)往往會(huì)滯后于經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢,。
與此同時(shí),嘉信理財(cái)集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)交易和衍生品業(yè)務(wù)的副總裁蘭迪?弗雷德里克向《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“股市總是在向前看,,而且總是試圖走在經(jīng)濟(jì)的前面?!?/p>
在過去的一個(gè)月里,股市穩(wěn)步上升,,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)自4月初以來上漲了6%以上,。
銀率網(wǎng)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)分析師馬克·哈姆里克等人指出,股市一直在設(shè)想就業(yè)市場的最壞情況,,并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)調(diào)整:“我們甚至在3月份就業(yè)報(bào)告發(fā)布時(shí)就知道,這個(gè)月失業(yè)率將從3.5%上升到4.4%,。”他告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,?!胺从超F(xiàn)實(shí)情況的糟糕數(shù)據(jù)肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn),而我們有足夠的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)實(shí),。”
弗雷德里克等人指出,,對于市場最近的反彈,,“最好的解釋”“可能就是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和市場分析師的表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)出色,,讓所有人都做好了準(zhǔn)備,,以應(yīng)對這些足以比擬大蕭條時(shí)期峰值的,、極其糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù),,”他說?!叭藗兌啻问盏骄?,因此不管數(shù)值多么糟糕,他們都不會(huì)反應(yīng)消極,?!币粋€(gè)好預(yù)兆是,,他指出,4月份有超過1800萬的人被“臨時(shí)解雇”,,這是一個(gè)潛在的向好征兆,預(yù)示就業(yè)可能在未來出現(xiàn)反彈,。
離不開美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的持續(xù)支持
分析師指出,,股市從低點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步回升的一個(gè)重要原因是,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和各國央行提供了毫不動(dòng)搖,、寧濫勿缺的大力支持,。
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)最近采取的措施,,包括多輪量化寬松政策,、新計(jì)劃和降息措施,為投資者提供了足夠的支持和保障,?!拔乙恢卑堰@叫做‘美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的空白支票’,,”弗雷德里克笑著說?!巴顿Y者明白,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和其它央行會(huì)給予支持,,”哈姆里克說,。
經(jīng)濟(jì)重啟指日可待
一些州的重啟,也給市場帶來了新的希望:經(jīng)濟(jì)和就業(yè)將迅速恢復(fù),。
“股市明白,,失業(yè)是由于國家自身導(dǎo)致的大范圍停產(chǎn),”布利克利咨詢集團(tuán)首席投資官彼得·布克瓦爾周五對CNBC表示,?!耙?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我們正開始重啟,因此股市預(yù)期,,許多人有望在未來幾個(gè)月和幾個(gè)季度內(nèi)被重新聘用,。”
最近,,美國包括佛羅里達(dá)在內(nèi)的一些州已經(jīng)開始緩慢解除封鎖,。分析人士認(rèn)為,投資者目前要更加樂觀——盡管還未發(fā)布的第二季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)大概率糟糕透頂,?!肮墒刑崾疚覀儯堑?,也許最糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)還沒有出現(xiàn),,’但它幾個(gè)月前就在分析預(yù)測,‘情況會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)嗎?會(huì)的,?!备ダ椎吕锟苏f道。
申領(lǐng)失業(yè)救濟(jì)人數(shù)呈下降趨勢
嘉信理財(cái)?shù)母ダ椎吕锟说热酥赋?,一個(gè)更重要的趨勢是,,每周首申失業(yè)金的人數(shù)在穩(wěn)步下降。雖然失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)仍然相當(dāng)糟糕(最近一周申領(lǐng)失業(yè)救濟(jì)的人數(shù)為320萬),,但這些數(shù)值已經(jīng)連續(xù)五周在穩(wěn)步下降,。弗雷德里克表示,它們已經(jīng)“達(dá)到峰值,,與絕對數(shù)字相比,,更重要的是數(shù)據(jù)的趨勢和方向”。
贏家與輸家
但在這種情況下,,漲潮并不能讓所有的船同時(shí)起落,,分析人士表示,,股市的贏家和輸家之間出現(xiàn)了更大的分歧。
“究其根本,盡管標(biāo)普500指數(shù)僅下跌了11%,但有許多支股票已下跌逾70%,另外一些股票則突破了它們的歷史高位,。該現(xiàn)象表明,,投資者正試圖在這次疫情危機(jī)中擇優(yōu)汰劣,”獨(dú)立顧問聯(lián)盟的首席投資官克里斯?扎卡雷利周五在一份報(bào)告中寫道。
其中一些贏家已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出了上漲趨勢:例如,,Netflix和亞馬遜都在4月份創(chuàng)下了歷史高點(diǎn),。科技股最近也出現(xiàn)了反彈,,標(biāo)普500信息技術(shù)指數(shù)今年以來上漲了1.9%,。與此同時(shí),航空,、能源和汽車類股則持續(xù)走低,。
隨著股市在過去的一個(gè)月里強(qiáng)勢上漲了6%,這種反彈相當(dāng)令人鼓舞,,哈姆里克說:“在某種程度上,,市場似乎已經(jīng)找到了一個(gè)立足點(diǎn),這使人安心,,因?yàn)橹辽俳o人一種回復(fù)常態(tài)的感覺,。”不過他也補(bǔ)充稱:“但我們也知道,,以前股市曾出現(xiàn)過虛假信號(hào),,之后就是持續(xù)下跌至歷史低點(diǎn)甚至更低,所以這并不是一種保障,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Claire
隨著美國失業(yè)率的不斷上升,美股表現(xiàn)如何呢?
對股市觀察者來說,,探討這兩者之間的關(guān)系可能并沒有多大意義,,但對于一些策略師而言,這一做法并不奇怪,。
上周五(5月8日),,美國股市上漲了近2%,盡管美國勞工部于當(dāng)天同時(shí)公布了上月的失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)——4月份美國減少了2,,050萬個(gè)工作崗位,,打破了歷史記錄,失業(yè)率從4.4%躍升到了14.7%,。然而,,事實(shí)上失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是一個(gè)滯后指標(biāo)——這意味著它發(fā)出的信號(hào)往往會(huì)滯后于經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢。
與此同時(shí),,嘉信理財(cái)集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)交易和衍生品業(yè)務(wù)的副總裁蘭迪?弗雷德里克向《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“股市總是在向前看,,而且總是試圖走在經(jīng)濟(jì)的前面,。”
在過去的一個(gè)月里,,股市穩(wěn)步上升,,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)自4月初以來上漲了6%以上。
銀率網(wǎng)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)分析師馬克·哈姆里克等人指出,股市一直在設(shè)想就業(yè)市場的最壞情況,,并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)調(diào)整:“我們甚至在3月份就業(yè)報(bào)告發(fā)布時(shí)就知道,,這個(gè)月失業(yè)率將從3.5%上升到4.4%?!彼嬖V《財(cái)富》雜志?!胺从超F(xiàn)實(shí)情況的糟糕數(shù)據(jù)肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn),,而我們有足夠的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)實(shí)?!?/p>
弗雷德里克等人指出,,對于市場最近的反彈,“最好的解釋”“可能就是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ),、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和市場分析師的表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)出色,,讓所有人都做好了準(zhǔn)備,以應(yīng)對這些足以比擬大蕭條時(shí)期峰值的,、極其糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù),,”他說?!叭藗兌啻问盏骄?,因此不管數(shù)值多么糟糕,他們都不會(huì)反應(yīng)消極,?!币粋€(gè)好預(yù)兆是,他指出,,4月份有超過1800萬的人被“臨時(shí)解雇”,,這是一個(gè)潛在的向好征兆,預(yù)示就業(yè)可能在未來出現(xiàn)反彈,。
離不開美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的持續(xù)支持
分析師指出,,股市從低點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步回升的一個(gè)重要原因是,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和各國央行提供了毫不動(dòng)搖,、寧濫勿缺的大力支持,。
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)最近采取的措施,包括多輪量化寬松政策,、新計(jì)劃和降息措施,,為投資者提供了足夠的支持和保障,。“我一直把這叫做‘美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的空白支票’,,”弗雷德里克笑著說,。“投資者明白,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)和其它央行會(huì)給予支持,,”哈姆里克說。
經(jīng)濟(jì)重啟指日可待
一些州的重啟,,也給市場帶來了新的希望:經(jīng)濟(jì)和就業(yè)將迅速恢復(fù),。
“股市明白,失業(yè)是由于國家自身導(dǎo)致的大范圍停產(chǎn),,”布利克利咨詢集團(tuán)首席投資官彼得·布克瓦爾周五對CNBC表示,。“因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我們正開始重啟,,因此股市預(yù)期,,許多人有望在未來幾個(gè)月和幾個(gè)季度內(nèi)被重新聘用?!?/p>
最近,,美國包括佛羅里達(dá)在內(nèi)的一些州已經(jīng)開始緩慢解除封鎖。分析人士認(rèn)為,,投資者目前要更加樂觀——盡管還未發(fā)布的第二季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)大概率糟糕透頂,。“股市提示我們,,‘是的,,也許最糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)還沒有出現(xiàn),’但它幾個(gè)月前就在分析預(yù)測,,‘情況會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)嗎?會(huì)的,。’”弗雷德里克說道,。
申領(lǐng)失業(yè)救濟(jì)人數(shù)呈下降趨勢
嘉信理財(cái)?shù)母ダ椎吕锟说热酥赋?,一個(gè)更重要的趨勢是,每周首申失業(yè)金的人數(shù)在穩(wěn)步下降,。雖然失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)仍然相當(dāng)糟糕(最近一周申領(lǐng)失業(yè)救濟(jì)的人數(shù)為320萬),,但這些數(shù)值已經(jīng)連續(xù)五周在穩(wěn)步下降。弗雷德里克表示,,它們已經(jīng)“達(dá)到峰值,,與絕對數(shù)字相比,更重要的是數(shù)據(jù)的趨勢和方向”,。
贏家與輸家
但在這種情況下,,漲潮并不能讓所有的船同時(shí)起落,,分析人士表示,股市的贏家和輸家之間出現(xiàn)了更大的分歧,。
“究其根本,盡管標(biāo)普500指數(shù)僅下跌了11%,但有許多支股票已下跌逾70%,另外一些股票則突破了它們的歷史高位,。該現(xiàn)象表明,投資者正試圖在這次疫情危機(jī)中擇優(yōu)汰劣,”獨(dú)立顧問聯(lián)盟的首席投資官克里斯?扎卡雷利周五在一份報(bào)告中寫道,。
其中一些贏家已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出了上漲趨勢:例如,,Netflix和亞馬遜都在4月份創(chuàng)下了歷史高點(diǎn)??萍脊勺罱渤霈F(xiàn)了反彈,,標(biāo)普500信息技術(shù)指數(shù)今年以來上漲了1.9%。與此同時(shí),,航空,、能源和汽車類股則持續(xù)走低。
隨著股市在過去的一個(gè)月里強(qiáng)勢上漲了6%,,這種反彈相當(dāng)令人鼓舞,哈姆里克說:“在某種程度上,,市場似乎已經(jīng)找到了一個(gè)立足點(diǎn),,這使人安心,因?yàn)橹辽俳o人一種回復(fù)常態(tài)的感覺,?!辈贿^他也補(bǔ)充稱:“但我們也知道,以前股市曾出現(xiàn)過虛假信號(hào),,之后就是持續(xù)下跌至歷史低點(diǎn)甚至更低,,所以這并不是一種保障?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Claire
As unemployment rises, so does...the stock market?
It's an equation that might not make much sense to market observers, but some strategists suggest it might not be as crazy as it sounds.
Markets rose nearly 2% on Friday, even as the Labor Department announced a record 20.5 million jobs were lost last month, as the unemployment rate jumped to 14.7% from 4.4%. However, unemployment data is considered a lagging indicator—meaning that it's capturing data that's already behind us.
Meanwhile, "the markets are always, always forward-looking, and the markets are trying to move ahead of the economy," Randy Frederick, the vice president of trading and derivatives at Charles Schwab, tells Fortune.
Markets have risen steadily in the past month, with the S&P 500 up over 6% since early April.
Those like Mark Hamrick, chief economic analyst at Bankrate.com, point out that markets have long been mulling the worst case scenario in job data—and have adjusted accordingly: "We knew even upon release of the March employment report, where the unemployment rate rose from 3.5% to 4.4%, that this month was coming," he tells Fortune. "There had to be the reckoning of disastrous statistics reflecting the real world, [and] we’ve had plenty of time to adjust for this reality."
Others like Frederick note that "the greatest explanation" for the market's recent resilience is "probably just the fact that the Fed, economists, and market analysts have done a pretty good job of trying to prepare everyone for these numbers being catastrophically large, being depression-level peaks or troughs," he argues. "People have heard that again and again enough that, no matter how huge they are, they don’t react negatively as a result." One bright sign: he points out that a large portion, over 18 million people in April, reported being on "temporary layoff"—a potentially positive sign that employment could rebound in the future.
Continued Fed support
One big reason analysts point to for the markets' steady rise from its lows has been the unwavering, everything-and-the-kitchen-sink support of the Fed and central banks.
The Fed's recent measures, which include rounds of quantitative easing, new programs, and rate cuts, have given investors plenty of support and security in the markets. "I’ve been calling this the 'blank check Fed,'" Frederick laughs. "Investors understand that the Federal Reserve and other central banks have their backs," Hamrick says.
Reopening the economy is in sight
To wit, some states are starting to slowly reopen, flushing the markets with new hope that the economy will snap back and jobs will be restored.
"The market knows that the job losses are self-inflicted due to the widespread shutdowns," Bleakley Advisory Group chief investment officer Peter Boockvar told CNBC on Friday. "Thus, now that we are beginning the reopening process the market assumes many of these people will hopefully get hired back over the coming months and quarters."
Some states including Florida have slowly started reopening, and analysts suggest investors are more optimistic now—even though the likely-abysmal data from Q2 has yet to surface. "What the markets are telling us is that, 'yes, maybe the worst of the economic data has not yet come,' but the markets are looking several months down the road and saying, ‘a(chǎn)re things going to be better? Yes they are,'" says Frederick.
Jobless claims are trending down
One of the more significant trends those like Schwab's Frederick are noting is the steady decline in weekly initial jobless claims. While the numbers are still catastrophic (the latest weekly jobless claims came in at 3.2 million), those numbers have steadily decreased for five consecutive weeks now. They've "peaked, and almost inevitably the trend and direction of the data is more important than the absolute level," he notes.
Winners and losers
But in this case, a rising tide doesn't always lift all boats evenly, and analysts say they are seeing an even larger bifurcation between stock market winners and losers.
"Diving beneath the surface, although the S&P 500 as a whole remains down 'only' 11% for the year, many stocks are still down over 70%, while other stocks have already surpassed their all-time highs, reflecting investors’ attempts to pick out the winners from the losers within this awful health crisis," Chris Zaccarelli, Chief Investment Officer for Independent Advisor Alliance, wrote in a note Friday.
Some of those winners have certainly seen a run-up: Netflix and Amazon, for example, both posted their all-time highs in April. And tech stocks have also enjoyed a rebound as of late, with the S&P 500 information technology index up 1.9% year to date. Meanwhile, stocks in airlines, energy, and autos have taken a beating.
But with markets up a solid 6% in the past month, the resilience should be encouraging, says Hamrick: "To the degree that the markets seemed to have found some footing is reassuring, because it at least gives the impression that some return to normalcy is occurring." But, he adds: "But we also know that in the past, the markets have given false signals and have only sunk to previous lows or lower lows, so that's not a guarantee.”