安德烈?安霍斯是一名來(lái)自波特蘭的音樂(lè)家,,在其歌迷圈中被稱(chēng)為RAC,,2017年,憑借一首重混歌曲《Taring Me Up》,安德烈一舉奪得格萊美獎(jiǎng),,但這種成功并沒(méi)有讓他的生活容易多少,。他指責(zé)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)有重視詞曲作家和其他創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)家的勞動(dòng)。
安霍斯表示:“音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)徹底完了,,大家都說(shuō)‘Spotify將會(huì)拯救我們’,,但我不信這一套。他們自己都賺不到錢(qián),,不然也不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型做播客了,。”
出于對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的失望,,安霍斯攜手?jǐn)?shù)名運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋,、連帽衫設(shè)計(jì)師投入了一家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的懷抱,希望能在實(shí)體商品轉(zhuǎn)售市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造新的收入來(lái)源,。以安霍斯為例,,在狂熱歌迷的推動(dòng)下,他的新專(zhuān)輯限量版卡帶(如下圖所示)已被炒至950美元的高價(jià),。
這家初創(chuàng)公司名為Zora,,其創(chuàng)始人聲稱(chēng),該公司已經(jīng)解決了他們所謂的“Yeezy”問(wèn)題,。所謂“Yeezy”問(wèn)題指的是“Yeezy”運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的炒作現(xiàn)象:坎耶?韋斯特以200美元價(jià)格推出的限量版Yeezy運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋每次都會(huì)被人很快搶購(gòu)一空,,隨后這些運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋又會(huì)被以2000美元的高價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)售出去。
Zora的工作則是讓藝術(shù)家和設(shè)計(jì)師通過(guò)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字通證來(lái)獲取部分轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn),,每枚通證對(duì)應(yīng)一件商品,,可以用來(lái)兌換商品,也可以加價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)售他人,。在競(jìng)購(gòu)的熱潮之中,,創(chuàng)作者不但可以將自己的作品售出更高的價(jià)格,還能在通證轉(zhuǎn)售時(shí)獲取一定收益,。
負(fù)責(zé)Zora業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展事務(wù)的迪?戈恩斯稱(chēng),,Zora的主要目標(biāo)受眾是那些所謂的“潮貨炒家”,即某一品牌或某位創(chuàng)作者的超級(jí)粉絲,。與Zora有合作關(guān)系的創(chuàng)作者還包括“鞋圈”的知名耐克設(shè)計(jì)師杰夫?斯特普爾,,他通過(guò)Zora平臺(tái)出售限量版球鞋。(下圖球鞋掛牌價(jià)為160美元,,最終以2000美元的價(jià)格出售),。
戈恩斯擁有網(wǎng)紅營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的背景,他表示,,Zora正在與NBA及NBA球員就售賣(mài)比賽中穿過(guò)的球衣進(jìn)行協(xié)商,。
雖然粉絲是Zora用戶(hù)群的核心,,但其商業(yè)模式的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)也離不開(kāi)鼓勵(lì)投機(jī)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)數(shù)字通證以及新商品上架時(shí)的交易熱潮。為了賣(mài)出更好的價(jià)格,,投機(jī)者有時(shí)可以持有通證長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年之久,。在最終被用于兌換基礎(chǔ)商品之后,通證將被銷(xiāo)毀,。
戈恩斯和Zora創(chuàng)始人雅各布?霍恩都是加密貨幣巨頭Coinbase的元老級(jí)員工,,他們借助區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)為Zora上的各種商品創(chuàng)建了一一對(duì)應(yīng)的通證。比特幣依托的也是區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù),,區(qū)別在于其是借助這種技術(shù)來(lái)創(chuàng)建不可篡改的所有權(quán)記錄,。
區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)為Zora系統(tǒng)增加了一層安全保障,但也讓Zora上的購(gòu)買(mǎi)流程變得非常復(fù)雜:消費(fèi)者要想獲得Zora通證,、再出售獲利,,首先需要在Zora上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)字錢(qián)包,還要通過(guò)Coinbase使用所謂的穩(wěn)定幣(加密貨幣中的“美元”)對(duì)錢(qián)包進(jìn)行入金操作,。雖然對(duì)潮貨炒家而言,,這一繁瑣流程可能仍然值得一試,但普通消費(fèi)者可能就會(huì)望而卻步了,。與此同時(shí),,對(duì)于那些純粹想要購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品的人而言,只要用信用卡就夠了,。
Zora并非首家希望借助加密貨幣通證推高稀有商品價(jià)值的企業(yè),。總部位于溫哥華的Dapper Labs也在銷(xiāo)售一系列與Dr.Seuss,、NBA等知名品牌相關(guān)的數(shù)字商品,并將“區(qū)塊鏈存證,、獨(dú)一無(wú)二”作為這些產(chǎn)品的賣(mài)點(diǎn),。另一家名為Nifty的公司也在從事相似業(yè)務(wù),讓藝術(shù)家通過(guò)該公司的平臺(tái)銷(xiāo)售獨(dú)特的數(shù)字印刷作品與繪畫(huà)作品,,此前因起訴Facebook而聲名鵲起的文克萊沃斯雙胞胎兄弟是該公司的支持者,。
然而,這些數(shù)字產(chǎn)品企業(yè)當(dāng)前所代表的仍然只是一個(gè)很小的利基市場(chǎng),,沒(méi)人知道它們何時(shí)能夠得到主流消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)可,,如果能的話(huà)。不過(guò)由于Zora出售的是倍受粉絲追捧且獨(dú)家銷(xiāo)售的鞋,、卡帶,、帽衫等實(shí)體商品,所以可能更有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)突破,。
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),,轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn)都是中間商的囊中之物,,對(duì)安霍斯來(lái)說(shuō),Zora平臺(tái)給了他賺取這部分利潤(rùn)的機(jī)會(huì),,不過(guò)他也承認(rèn),,這種合作在很大程度上具有實(shí)驗(yàn)性質(zhì)。
“事實(shí)證明,,音樂(lè)確實(shí)還是有價(jià)值的,,”他如是說(shuō)到。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
安德烈?安霍斯是一名來(lái)自波特蘭的音樂(lè)家,,在其歌迷圈中被稱(chēng)為RAC,,2017年,憑借一首重混歌曲《Taring Me Up》,,安德烈一舉奪得格萊美獎(jiǎng),,但這種成功并沒(méi)有讓他的生活容易多少。他指責(zé)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)有重視詞曲作家和其他創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)家的勞動(dòng),。
安霍斯表示:“音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)徹底完了,,大家都說(shuō)‘Spotify將會(huì)拯救我們’,但我不信這一套,。他們自己都賺不到錢(qián),,不然也不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型做播客了?!?/p>
出于對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的失望,,安霍斯攜手?jǐn)?shù)名運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋、連帽衫設(shè)計(jì)師投入了一家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的懷抱,,希望能在實(shí)體商品轉(zhuǎn)售市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造新的收入來(lái)源,。以安霍斯為例,在狂熱歌迷的推動(dòng)下,,他的新專(zhuān)輯限量版卡帶(如下圖所示)已被炒至950美元的高價(jià),。
這家初創(chuàng)公司名為Zora,其創(chuàng)始人聲稱(chēng),,該公司已經(jīng)解決了他們所謂的“Yeezy”問(wèn)題,。所謂“Yeezy”問(wèn)題指的是“Yeezy”運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的炒作現(xiàn)象:坎耶?韋斯特以200美元價(jià)格推出的限量版Yeezy運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋每次都會(huì)被人很快搶購(gòu)一空,隨后這些運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋又會(huì)被以2000美元的高價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)售出去,。
Zora的工作則是讓藝術(shù)家和設(shè)計(jì)師通過(guò)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字通證來(lái)獲取部分轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn),,每枚通證對(duì)應(yīng)一件商品,可以用來(lái)兌換商品,,也可以加價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)售他人,。在競(jìng)購(gòu)的熱潮之中,創(chuàng)作者不但可以將自己的作品售出更高的價(jià)格,,還能在通證轉(zhuǎn)售時(shí)獲取一定收益,。
負(fù)責(zé)Zora業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展事務(wù)的迪?戈恩斯稱(chēng),,Zora的主要目標(biāo)受眾是那些所謂的“潮貨炒家”,即某一品牌或某位創(chuàng)作者的超級(jí)粉絲,。與Zora有合作關(guān)系的創(chuàng)作者還包括“鞋圈”的知名耐克設(shè)計(jì)師杰夫?斯特普爾,,他通過(guò)Zora平臺(tái)出售限量版球鞋。(下圖球鞋掛牌價(jià)為160美元,,最終以2000美元的價(jià)格出售),。
戈恩斯擁有網(wǎng)紅營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的背景,他表示,,Zora正在與NBA及NBA球員就售賣(mài)比賽中穿過(guò)的球衣進(jìn)行協(xié)商,。
雖然粉絲是Zora用戶(hù)群的核心,但其商業(yè)模式的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)也離不開(kāi)鼓勵(lì)投機(jī)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)數(shù)字通證以及新商品上架時(shí)的交易熱潮,。為了賣(mài)出更好的價(jià)格,,投機(jī)者有時(shí)可以持有通證長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年之久。在最終被用于兌換基礎(chǔ)商品之后,,通證將被銷(xiāo)毀,。
戈恩斯和Zora創(chuàng)始人雅各布?霍恩都是加密貨幣巨頭Coinbase的元老級(jí)員工,他們借助區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)為Zora上的各種商品創(chuàng)建了一一對(duì)應(yīng)的通證,。比特幣依托的也是區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù),,區(qū)別在于其是借助這種技術(shù)來(lái)創(chuàng)建不可篡改的所有權(quán)記錄。
區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)為Zora系統(tǒng)增加了一層安全保障,,但也讓Zora上的購(gòu)買(mǎi)流程變得非常復(fù)雜:消費(fèi)者要想獲得Zora通證,、再出售獲利,首先需要在Zora上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)字錢(qián)包,,還要通過(guò)Coinbase使用所謂的穩(wěn)定幣(加密貨幣中的“美元”)對(duì)錢(qián)包進(jìn)行入金操作,。雖然對(duì)潮貨炒家而言,這一繁瑣流程可能仍然值得一試,,但普通消費(fèi)者可能就會(huì)望而卻步了,。與此同時(shí),對(duì)于那些純粹想要購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品的人而言,,只要用信用卡就夠了,。
Zora并非首家希望借助加密貨幣通證推高稀有商品價(jià)值的企業(yè),??偛课挥跍馗缛A的Dapper Labs也在銷(xiāo)售一系列與Dr.Seuss、NBA等知名品牌相關(guān)的數(shù)字商品,,并將“區(qū)塊鏈存證,、獨(dú)一無(wú)二”作為這些產(chǎn)品的賣(mài)點(diǎn)。另一家名為Nifty的公司也在從事相似業(yè)務(wù),,讓藝術(shù)家通過(guò)該公司的平臺(tái)銷(xiāo)售獨(dú)特的數(shù)字印刷作品與繪畫(huà)作品,,此前因起訴Facebook而聲名鵲起的文克萊沃斯雙胞胎兄弟是該公司的支持者,。
然而,這些數(shù)字產(chǎn)品企業(yè)當(dāng)前所代表的仍然只是一個(gè)很小的利基市場(chǎng),,沒(méi)人知道它們何時(shí)能夠得到主流消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)可,,如果能的話(huà)。不過(guò)由于Zora出售的是倍受粉絲追捧且獨(dú)家銷(xiāo)售的鞋,、卡帶,、帽衫等實(shí)體商品,所以可能更有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)突破,。
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),,轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn)都是中間商的囊中之物,對(duì)安霍斯來(lái)說(shuō),,Zora平臺(tái)給了他賺取這部分利潤(rùn)的機(jī)會(huì),,不過(guò)他也承認(rèn),這種合作在很大程度上具有實(shí)驗(yàn)性質(zhì),。
“事實(shí)證明,,音樂(lè)確實(shí)還是有價(jià)值的,”他如是說(shuō)到,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
Grammy winner RAC JULES DAVIS
Andre Anjos, known to his fans as RAC, won a Grammy for his 2017 remix of the song "Tearing Me Up," but this success has not made it easy for the Portland musician to make a living. He blames a digital economy that fails to value the labor of songwriters and other creative artists.
"The music industry is fundamentally broken," says Anjos. "Everyone says 'Spotify is going to save us' but I don’t believe it. They’re not profitable, which is why they're pivoting to podcasts."
Frustration with the digital economy has led Anjos, along with a handful of sneaker and hoodie designers, to embrace a new startup in a bid to create a new revenue stream based on a resale market for physical items. In Anjos' case, a frenzy among his fans resulted in a limited edition cassette (like the one seen below) of his new album selling for $950.
The startup is called Zora and its founders claim it has solved what they call the "Yeezy problem"—a reference to the phenomenon of Kanye West releasing a limited edition pair of Yeezy sneakers for $200, only to have a handful of people snap them up and resell them for $2,000.
The premise of Zora is to let artists and designers capture part of that resale value by creating a digital token that can be redeemed for merchandise, or else sold to someone else for a higher price. In the case of a bidding frenzy, the creator not only pockets a higher ultimate price, but part of the fees collected when the token is resold.
Zora's head of business development, Dee Goens, says Zora is primarily aimed at "hype beasts"—those consumers who are super fans of a given brand or creator. Other creators using Zora include Jeff Staple, a Nikedesigner famous in sneakerhead circles, who has been selling limited edition shoes on the platform. (The pair below fetched $2000 after being listed initially at $160).
Goens, who has a background in influencer marketing, says Zora is also in talks with the NBA and its players to sell used game jerseys.
While fans are the core of Zora's user base, its business model also relies on encouraging speculators to buy the digital tokens, and creating a burst of trading activity when a new piece of merchandise drops. These speculators can hold the token for up to a year in hopes of getting a better price. When the token is finally redeemed for the underlying piece of merchandise, the token is destroyed.
Both Goens and Zora founder's, Jacob Horne, are veterans of the cryptocurrency giant Coinbase. They deployed blockchain—the same technology that powers Bitcoin to create a tamper-proof record of ownership—to create the tokens that are used as proxies for the merchandise on Zora.
The blockchain element adds a layer of security, but also complexity to Zora's buying process: those wishing to obtain a token and try sell it for more must create a digital wallet on Zora and fund it with so-called stablecoins (digital versions of the US dollar) from Coinbase. This process is likely to prove daunting to casual consumers, though the "hype beasts" among them may decide the rigamarole is worth it. Meanwhile others who simply want to purchase the item can use a credit card.
Zora is not the first company to use cryptocurrency tokens to try and drive up the value of scarce goods. Vancouver-based Dapper Labs is selling an array of digital merchandise tied to famous brands like Dr. Seuss and the NBA, and touting them as unique items stored on a blockchain. In a similar vein, a company called Nifty, backed by the Winklevoss twins of early Facebook fame, is letting artists sell unique digital prints and painting.
These digital goods ventures, however, represent a tiny niche market and it's unclear when, if ever, mainstream consumers will embrace them. Zora, however, may be in a better position for a breakout since it is selling physical stuff—shoes, cassettes, hoodies and so on—that fans crave and that can't be found elsewhere.
For Anjos, aka RAC, a platform like Zora—which he concedes is very much an experiment—represents a chance to capture the resale cash that has long been pocketed by middlemen.
"It turns out music does have value," he says.