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兩黨齊放手,,美國大麻合法化不遠(yuǎn)了

David Culver
2020-12-08

大麻合法化對美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會都有好處。

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插圖:《財富》,,圖片來源:GETTY IMAGES

回顧2020年,,美國國會有幾次在抗疫和保就業(yè)上行動還算比較迅速。而其他大多數(shù)時候——包括現(xiàn)在,,美國國會都在糾結(jié)于疫情紓困計劃里的內(nèi)容和數(shù)字?,F(xiàn)在有一件事是肯定的:隨著全美確診病例數(shù)繼續(xù)激增,,因疫情而看不到明天的美國百姓,一點也不覺得自己已經(jīng)被“紓困”了,。

與此同時,美國的少數(shù)族裔群體不堪疫情以來健康和經(jīng)濟(jì)的雙重打擊,,更難忍美國社會對少數(shù)族裔長期的系統(tǒng)性壓迫,,終于轟轟烈烈地掀起了全國性的抗議示威活動,。盡管在當(dāng)前形勢下,,參加游行集會對個人健康顯然有害無益,,但還是有幾百萬的美國人民忍無可忍地走上街頭,,要公平,、要正義。

對于拜登-哈里斯政府以及新一屆美國國會來說,他們需要考慮的問題自然是很多的。不過有一個辦法或許能同時解決美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會問題——這就是大麻合法化。

很多人可能想象不到,,大麻怎么可能救得了美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會問題,。不過從本月美國國會的情況看,,等著政府“辭舊迎新”的大佬們已經(jīng)集體陷入了“佛系”狀態(tài),國會出現(xiàn)了兩黨共同放任大麻解禁的勢頭,因此大麻開禁說不定真的不遠(yuǎn)了,。大麻合法化也獲得了美國新一屆班子的強(qiáng)力支持——當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)卡瑪拉?哈里斯正是這項法案在參議院的最初發(fā)起人之一,。

美國的這項《大麻機(jī)會、再投資與非刑化法案》(MORE)或?qū)⒂|及一些重要的涉及社會公平正義的問題,包括推動大麻非刑化,取消部分早已不適合宜的涉大麻罪名等等。因為幾十年來,,受大麻犯罪影響最深的就是少數(shù)族裔群體,。這標(biāo)志著美國將不再走傳統(tǒng)“禁毒戰(zhàn)爭”的老路——因為這只會讓少數(shù)族裔的入獄率持續(xù)飆升,,特別是黑人群體,因為他們因持有毒品被捕的機(jī)率是白人的三倍,。

除此之外,,《大麻法案》還有一些別的好處,比如緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,。根據(jù)《大麻法案》,美國將設(shè)置一種聯(lián)邦消費稅,,這預(yù)計每年將為美國創(chuàng)造大量財政收入,。另外,,美國的36個州,甚至包括華盛頓特區(qū),,都已經(jīng)不同程度地圍繞大麻進(jìn)行了立法?!洞舐榉ò浮芬材苡行Ы鉀Q聯(lián)邦和各州層面的立法脫節(jié)問題。

2019年,,大麻支持者們在美國國會大廈門前高舉大麻煙形狀的氣球,,呼吁通過立法將大麻解禁,。圖片來源:Caroline Brehman—CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images

現(xiàn)時的美國經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢與“大蕭條”相比有過之而無不及,,無怪乎立法者們會再次祭起“吃喝抽”三桿大旗,,好讓經(jīng)濟(jì)盡快走出頹勢,。有歷史學(xué)家指出,上世紀(jì)30年代,,美國為了走出“大蕭條”而廢除了禁酒令,,這為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了一針催化劑,,刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)消費,,催生了幾十萬個工作崗位和數(shù)十億美元的財政收入。不過不太為人所知的是,,美國廢除“禁酒令”,,也同樣是出于促進(jìn)社會公平正義的考慮。禁酒令的廢除,,標(biāo)志著一場災(zāi)難性的執(zhí)法試驗終于被撥亂反正,。美國的“3K黨”就是在禁酒令時代發(fā)展壯大的,有了禁酒令撐腰,,3K黨才敢以違反禁酒令為由,,對少數(shù)族裔合法地施加暴力。

解禁大麻在今日之美國也有相似的歷史意義,,更何況美國多地早已相繼開放了大麻專賣店,。據(jù)估計,如果“娛樂性大麻”的銷售在50個州全部合法化,,那么到2025年,,大麻將為聯(lián)邦政府帶來超過1758億美元的銷售、商業(yè)和工資稅,。到2026年,,將使美國增加近160萬個工作崗位。

疫情以來,,美國政府已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了高達(dá)幾萬億美元的紓困金,。而大麻合法化帶來的財政收入,可以有效降低美國的財政負(fù)擔(dān),。將大麻經(jīng)營由地下轉(zhuǎn)入地上,,也有助于將相關(guān)從業(yè)者納入勞動法,包括增加他們獲得醫(yī)療保險的可能性,。大麻合法化還有助于收緊監(jiān)管和品質(zhì)管控,,這也變相保護(hù)了消費者。實際上,,大麻在美國從一開始就不應(yīng)該被列為一類管制物質(zhì),。如果非按該類別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量,,它既沒有足夠的成癮性,也并非不具備藥用價值,。不過早在1937年,,一小撮別有用心的種族主義就促成了大麻的非法化。

現(xiàn)在,,改變的時刻終于要到了,。

作為Canopy Growth公司的負(fù)責(zé)人,我們的目標(biāo)是為成年人提供一種非常安全的產(chǎn)品,,讓他們以一種負(fù)責(zé)任的方式消費,,同時對社會進(jìn)行投資。隨著我們的業(yè)務(wù)拓展到美國,,我們也將致力于幫助監(jiān)管部門建立安全有效的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,就像我們在很多其他國家所做的那樣。

現(xiàn)在,,深陷危機(jī)的美國人民正在尋找擺脫系統(tǒng)性種族歧視的方法,,而美國國會中的有識之士通過回溯歷史,已經(jīng)看到了正確的方向,。在立法上邁出這關(guān)鍵的一步,,將為促進(jìn)社會公平正義改革提供一個穩(wěn)定支點,同時也將為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供一個新的,、急需的收入來源,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

本文作者David Culver是加拿大大麻生產(chǎn)公司Canopy Growth的美國政府關(guān)系副總裁。

譯者:樸成奎

回顧2020年,,美國國會有幾次在抗疫和保就業(yè)上行動還算比較迅速,。而其他大多數(shù)時候——包括現(xiàn)在,美國國會都在糾結(jié)于疫情紓困計劃里的內(nèi)容和數(shù)字?,F(xiàn)在有一件事是肯定的:隨著全美確診病例數(shù)繼續(xù)激增,,因疫情而看不到明天的美國百姓,一點也不覺得自己已經(jīng)被“紓困”了,。

與此同時,,美國的少數(shù)族裔群體不堪疫情以來健康和經(jīng)濟(jì)的雙重打擊,更難忍美國社會對少數(shù)族裔長期的系統(tǒng)性壓迫,,終于轟轟烈烈地掀起了全國性的抗議示威活動,。盡管在當(dāng)前形勢下,參加游行集會對個人健康顯然有害無益,,但還是有幾百萬的美國人民忍無可忍地走上街頭,,要公平、要正義,。

對于拜登-哈里斯政府以及新一屆美國國會來說,,他們需要考慮的問題自然是很多的,。不過有一個辦法或許能同時解決美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會問題——這就是大麻合法化。

很多人可能想象不到,,大麻怎么可能救得了美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會問題,。不過從本月美國國會的情況看,等著政府“辭舊迎新”的大佬們已經(jīng)集體陷入了“佛系”狀態(tài),,國會出現(xiàn)了兩黨共同放任大麻解禁的勢頭,,因此大麻開禁說不定真的不遠(yuǎn)了。大麻合法化也獲得了美國新一屆班子的強(qiáng)力支持——當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)卡瑪拉?哈里斯正是這項法案在參議院的最初發(fā)起人之一,。

美國的這項《大麻機(jī)會,、再投資與非刑化法案》(MORE)或?qū)⒂|及一些重要的涉及社會公平正義的問題,包括推動大麻非刑化,,取消部分早已不適合宜的涉大麻罪名等等,。因為幾十年來,,受大麻犯罪影響最深的就是少數(shù)族裔群體,。這標(biāo)志著美國將不再走傳統(tǒng)“禁毒戰(zhàn)爭”的老路——因為這只會讓少數(shù)族裔的入獄率持續(xù)飆升,特別是黑人群體,,因為他們因持有毒品被捕的機(jī)率是白人的三倍,。

除此之外,《大麻法案》還有一些別的好處,,比如緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,。根據(jù)《大麻法案》,美國將設(shè)置一種聯(lián)邦消費稅,,這預(yù)計每年將為美國創(chuàng)造大量財政收入,。另外,美國的36個州,,甚至包括華盛頓特區(qū),,都已經(jīng)不同程度地圍繞大麻進(jìn)行了立法?!洞舐榉ò浮芬材苡行Ы鉀Q聯(lián)邦和各州層面的立法脫節(jié)問題,。

現(xiàn)時的美國經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢與“大蕭條”相比有過之而無不及,無怪乎立法者們會再次祭起“吃喝抽”三桿大旗,,好讓經(jīng)濟(jì)盡快走出頹勢,。有歷史學(xué)家指出,上世紀(jì)30年代,,美國為了走出“大蕭條”而廢除了禁酒令,,這為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了一針催化劑,刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)消費,,催生了幾十萬個工作崗位和數(shù)十億美元的財政收入,。不過不太為人所知的是,,美國廢除“禁酒令”,也同樣是出于促進(jìn)社會公平正義的考慮,。禁酒令的廢除,,標(biāo)志著一場災(zāi)難性的執(zhí)法試驗終于被撥亂反正。美國的“3K黨”就是在禁酒令時代發(fā)展壯大的,,有了禁酒令撐腰,,3K黨才敢以違反禁酒令為由,對少數(shù)族裔合法地施加暴力,。

解禁大麻在今日之美國也有相似的歷史意義,,更何況美國多地早已相繼開放了大麻專賣店。據(jù)估計,,如果“娛樂性大麻”的銷售在50個州全部合法化,,那么到2025年,大麻將為聯(lián)邦政府帶來超過1758億美元的銷售,、商業(yè)和工資稅,。到2026年,將使美國增加近160萬個工作崗位,。

疫情以來,,美國政府已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了高達(dá)幾萬億美元的紓困金。而大麻合法化帶來的財政收入,,可以有效降低美國的財政負(fù)擔(dān),。將大麻經(jīng)營由地下轉(zhuǎn)入地上,也有助于將相關(guān)從業(yè)者納入勞動法,,包括增加他們獲得醫(yī)療保險的可能性,。大麻合法化還有助于收緊監(jiān)管和品質(zhì)管控,這也變相保護(hù)了消費者,。實際上,,大麻在美國從一開始就不應(yīng)該被列為一類管制物質(zhì)。如果非按該類別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量,,它既沒有足夠的成癮性,,也并非不具備藥用價值。不過早在1937年,,一小撮別有用心的種族主義就促成了大麻的非法化,。

現(xiàn)在,改變的時刻終于要到了,。

作為Canopy Growth公司的負(fù)責(zé)人,,我們的目標(biāo)是為成年人提供一種非常安全的產(chǎn)品,讓他們以一種負(fù)責(zé)任的方式消費,,同時對社會進(jìn)行投資,。隨著我們的業(yè)務(wù)拓展到美國,,我們也將致力于幫助監(jiān)管部門建立安全有效的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),就像我們在很多其他國家所做的那樣,。

現(xiàn)在,,深陷危機(jī)的美國人民正在尋找擺脫系統(tǒng)性種族歧視的方法,而美國國會中的有識之士通過回溯歷史,,已經(jīng)看到了正確的方向,。在立法上邁出這關(guān)鍵的一步,將為促進(jìn)社會公平正義改革提供一個穩(wěn)定支點,,同時也將為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供一個新的,、急需的收入來源。(財富中文網(wǎng))

本文作者David Culver是加拿大大麻生產(chǎn)公司Canopy Growth的美國政府關(guān)系副總裁,。

譯者:樸成奎

Over the course of 2020, Congress has at times acted quickly to stop the hemorrhaging of American jobs lost to the pandemic fallout. And at other times, including now, Congress has fiddled over the contents of massive relief packages. One thing is certain: As cases continue to surge nationwide, American families facing grave uncertainty have found little relief.

Meanwhile, for minorities, particularly hard-hit by the pandemic both in terms of health and economics, the long-simmering and systemic scourge of racial inequality has erupted into nationwide demonstrations. Millions of Americans have marched in the streets for social justice, despite our dual public health and economic crises, risking personal health as cases surge.

The new Congress, and the incoming Biden-Harris administration, certainly have a lot to consider. But there’s one move they could make that could address America’s economic and social problems simultaneously: the legalization of cannabis.

While federal legalization of cannabis may seem like an unexpected solution to many Americans, recent bipartisan momentum for legalization is pushing toward a vote to repeal this outdated prohibition in the lame-duck session this month. The legislation has newly influential support, too: Vice President–elect Kamala Harris was an original sponsor of the legislation in the Senate.

The bill—the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act—would address critical social justice elements, including decriminalizing cannabis and providing for expungement of certain long-outdated cannabis offenses that have disproportionately affected minority communities for decades. This would be a major departure from the antiquated “War on Drugs” model, which led to skyrocketing incarceration rates among minorities, especially in the Black community, whose members are more than three times as likely to be arrested for possession as whites.

But the MORE Act does more—alleviating economic pressure, too. The bill would establish a federal excise tax, creating a tremendous amount of new revenue annually for the U.S. Treasury. The bill also resolves the disconnect between outmoded federal cannabis policy and the varying degrees of legalization already enacted by 36 states and even Washington, D.C.—the very seat of Congress.

As Americans stare into the threat of a deep recession, it’s no surprise lawmakers are looking to Depression-era policies to steer the economy out of its nosedive. Historians note that repealing the prohibition of alcohol, in the 1930s, was an economic catalyst that created hundreds of thousands of jobs and generated the equivalent of billions in tax revenues. What’s lesser known is that the move was also an act of social justice. It halted a disastrous law enforcement experiment, which, among other things, unleashed the Ku Klux Klan to perpetuate state-sanctioned violence against people of color who had the temerity to partake in a simple drink.

There are legitimate reasons to repeat the history of repeal, now with cannabis—especially after policymakers have deemed dispensaries essential in state after state. It is estimated that the sale of recreational cannabis, if legalized in all 50 states today, would generate more than $175.8 billion through 2025 in federal sales, business, and payroll taxes, and would add nearly 1.6 million jobs by 2026.

Obviously, the new revenues would help offset critical relief spending, the price tag for which already stretches into the trillions. But bringing existing bootleg sales into the light also would wrap cannabis workers in the fold of employment law, including increasing their likelihood of getting health care coverage. And consumers would be protected by quality controls in a tightly regulated market. Truly, cannabis should never have been classified as a Schedule I banned substance in the first place. It has neither the addictive properties nor the lack of medicinal value that such categorization demands. Ulterior, racist motives contributed to the outlawing of cannabis as far back as 1937.

The time has come for change.

Our vision at Canopy Growth is to offer a remarkably safe product to adults to consume in a responsible manner while investing in the communities where we operate. As we expand in the U.S., we are committed to helping regulators ensure safe and effective standards as we have done in countless other countries.

For now, as Americans grapple with how best to dismantle systemic racism in the midst of an economic crisis, cool heads in Congress are looking in the right direction—to the past. Putting forward this critical, commonsense legislation would in one swoop create an anchor of social justice reform, while also delivering a much-needed new source of revenue.

David Culver is the U.S. vice president of government relations at Canopy Growth Corporation, a leading cannabis-producing company based in Canada.

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