名人們?cè)谕铺厣习l(fā)布它,政客們宣傳它,,有人在Instagram上介紹它,有人甚至把它印在了T恤上,,它就是2020年末極具鼓舞性的口號(hào):拯救郵政局。
特朗普一直都毫不遮掩地表達(dá)其對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局(United States Postal Service,,USPS)的不屑,,并將其與他一直不看好的亞馬遜創(chuàng)始人杰夫?貝佐斯相提并論。他將郵政局稱之為“一個(gè)笑話”,,并認(rèn)為這個(gè)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該將亞馬遜的郵費(fèi)調(diào)高三倍。
特朗普五月任命路易斯?德喬伊擔(dān)任郵政局新部長(zhǎng),。這位來(lái)自于北卡州的商業(yè)人士曾向共和黨和特朗普總統(tǒng)捐贈(zèng)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元。民主黨稱,,德喬伊的任命完全是政治行為。他們擔(dān)心,,德喬伊將與特朗普政府一道,,繼續(xù)推進(jìn)郵政局緩慢的私營(yíng)化進(jìn)程。
但隨著圍繞總統(tǒng)選舉的最初混亂日漸消散,,特朗普提起的選舉舞弊訴訟被法院駁回,,當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)喬?拜登的過(guò)渡團(tuán)隊(duì)成為新聞焦點(diǎn),公眾對(duì)郵政局的關(guān)注已經(jīng)消失無(wú)蹤,。
確實(shí)如此,。拜登為阻止郵政局私有化并確保其有充足資金,而籌集了大筆競(jìng)選資金,而且,,他不久就會(huì)掌權(quán),。
在許多美國(guó)人看來(lái),這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了,。任務(wù)完成了,,對(duì)吧?
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟(American Postal Workers Union)主席馬克?戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō):“我看了針對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局新聞報(bào)道發(fā)表的一些評(píng)論,。這都是謠傳。人們認(rèn)為,,特朗普和美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)路易斯?德喬伊的關(guān)系非常密切,,因此,特朗普下臺(tái)時(shí),,路易斯?德喬伊也會(huì)隨之下臺(tái),。”
但戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō),,“常識(shí)有誤,。”
實(shí)際上,,拜登既未提名也未解雇美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)——這要視美國(guó)郵政局理事會(huì)的態(tài)度而定,,而理事會(huì)的大多數(shù)成員是共和黨人。
這種困惑不難理解,,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)郵政局的內(nèi)部運(yùn)作就是這樣:令人困惑,。
美國(guó)郵政局是一個(gè)依照企業(yè)模式運(yùn)作的半政府機(jī)構(gòu),但卻履行著公共服務(wù)職能,。美國(guó)郵政局已被政治化,,但應(yīng)該是非政治化,而且郵政局在過(guò)去50年進(jìn)行了多次大規(guī)模重組,。美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)一直由總統(tǒng)提名的內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任,,1970年,尼克松為使郵政去政治化,,簽署了《郵政重組法》,,之后,提名權(quán)不再屬于白宮,。
因此,,在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),德喬伊仍將執(zhí)掌美國(guó)郵政局,,他曾向國(guó)會(huì)表示,,他希望將美國(guó)郵政局的部分業(yè)務(wù)私有化,并且已實(shí)施了一些改革,,意在減緩郵件投遞速度,。
在總統(tǒng)選舉之前,,德喬伊實(shí)施了一些改革,取消了加班分揀郵件,,導(dǎo)致郵件和包裹投遞速度空前減緩,。
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟(代表約20萬(wàn)郵政工人)掌握的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,分揀員,、郵遞員和郵政司機(jī)近20%的工作均須通過(guò)加班來(lái)完成,。美國(guó)郵政局并未計(jì)劃雇傭更多的員工來(lái)彌補(bǔ)時(shí)間上的不足。迫于巨大的公眾和政治壓力,,德喬伊表示,,他將在大選前暫停減緩郵件投遞速度,但這并非長(zhǎng)久之計(jì),。
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟官員擔(dān)心,,如果美國(guó)郵政局在大選前未受到關(guān)注,德喬伊?xí)俅螌?shí)施改革,,但這次他們會(huì)低調(diào)行事,。
“郵政局必須有足夠的員工并雇傭足夠的工人為人民服務(wù)。如果沒(méi)有足夠的人手和工作時(shí)間來(lái)確保及時(shí)提供服務(wù),,我們將會(huì)陷入惡性循環(huán),。”戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō),。
當(dāng)然,,不僅僅是郵件投遞減緩。因新冠疫情爆發(fā),,商務(wù)郵件減少,,再加上數(shù)千名郵政工人被隔離,導(dǎo)致本已不景氣的美國(guó)郵政局的收入大幅減少,。美國(guó)郵政局第四季度報(bào)告顯示,,盡管包裹數(shù)量有所增加,但全年虧損90億美元,。營(yíng)業(yè)額從2019年的711億美元增長(zhǎng)到今年的731億美元,,但普通郵件和營(yíng)銷郵件的營(yíng)業(yè)額從去年的408億美元下降到今年的377億美元。
收入無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)虧損還有另一個(gè)原因,,美國(guó)政府對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局征收費(fèi)用,,例如預(yù)付退休員工今后的醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老福利金,但其他企業(yè)卻無(wú)此負(fù)擔(dān),。
該法案在喬治?沃克?布什政府支持下于2006年通過(guò),,規(guī)定美國(guó)郵政局須預(yù)付退休員工未來(lái)幾年的醫(yī)療福利金。公司一般會(huì)在成本上升時(shí)支付養(yǎng)老金,但不需要預(yù)留資金,。其他聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)均無(wú)此負(fù)擔(dān),,批評(píng)人士稱該法案是“苛刻的”,聲稱設(shè)立該法案是為了促使美國(guó)郵政局走向私有化,。官員們說(shuō),,新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前,養(yǎng)老金費(fèi)用估計(jì)占美國(guó)郵政局虧損的80%至90%,。
盡管如此,,德喬伊仍將虧損歸咎于美國(guó)郵政局的商業(yè)模式,并聲稱今后要削減開(kāi)支,。他說(shuō):“十多年來(lái),,美國(guó)郵政局的收支一直存在系統(tǒng)性失衡?!?/p>
戴蒙德斯坦確實(shí)找到了一條今后無(wú)需削減開(kāi)支或私有化的前進(jìn)之路,但這也是一條緩慢的前進(jìn)之路,,需要郵政部門繼續(xù)享有其目前享有的政治資本和聲望,。
國(guó)會(huì)可能會(huì)撤銷2006年《郵政責(zé)任增強(qiáng)法案》中有關(guān)預(yù)付養(yǎng)老金的內(nèi)容,。
今年年初,,國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法案,這項(xiàng)法案只是表明兩黨合作的相對(duì)態(tài)度,,但在共和黨控制的參議院未獲通過(guò),。隨著本屆國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)議結(jié)束,未通過(guò)的法案也將隨之告終,。但戴蒙德斯坦希望能在明年重新提出該法案,,而且參議院屆時(shí)會(huì)通過(guò)該項(xiàng)法案。
雖然拜登未能選出一位郵政局局長(zhǎng),,但他確實(shí)可以任命九位州長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)郵政局董事會(huì)任職,,任期七年。董事會(huì)目前只有5名成員,,這意味著拜登可馬上提名4位新州長(zhǎng)任職,。其余五名成員的任期將在拜登任期內(nèi)屆滿,可以為他提名的人員讓位,。董事會(huì)成員可以從中推選一名新的郵政局局長(zhǎng),。
郵政局仍希望國(guó)會(huì)能在接下來(lái)制定刺激計(jì)劃時(shí)考慮為美國(guó)郵政局劃撥應(yīng)急資金。郵政局要求提供250億美元應(yīng)急資金,。
此前,,德喬伊同意從美國(guó)財(cái)政部(U.S. Treasury)貸款100億美元,用于代替救助。作為貸款的交換條件,,美國(guó)郵政局同意交出其與亞馬遜(Amazon),、聯(lián)邦快遞(FedEx)和聯(lián)合包裹(UPS)等第三方托運(yùn)商簽訂的10份利潤(rùn)最豐富合同的專有信息。美國(guó)郵政局與這些托運(yùn)商合作提供“最后一英里”投遞服務(wù),,有時(shí)會(huì)以略微優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格投遞,,這種做法一直被特朗普總統(tǒng)嘲笑,特別是涉及亞馬遜的業(yè)務(wù),。
獲得該貸款的另一條件是,,美國(guó)郵政局須向財(cái)政部提交月度和季度財(cái)務(wù)及交易量報(bào)告。財(cái)政部還試圖利用貸款談判來(lái)控制美國(guó)郵政局的人事決定權(quán),、第三方合同批準(zhǔn),、包裹價(jià)格和工會(huì)談判策略,但最終還是接受了專有信息,。
珍妮特?耶倫執(zhí)掌的財(cái)政部不太可能在今后的貸款中加上這些附加條件,。
據(jù)皮尤研究中心(Pew)調(diào)查顯示,美國(guó)郵政局是美國(guó)最受歡迎的政府機(jī)構(gòu),,其支持率為91%。另一項(xiàng)民調(diào)顯示,,92%的美國(guó)選民表示,,他們支持下一輪新冠病毒救助法案為美國(guó)郵政局提供直接財(cái)政援助。
美國(guó)郵政局是唯一一家郵件服務(wù)綜合提供商,,而且是郵遞行業(yè)的低成本支柱,,有助于壓低私營(yíng)郵遞服務(wù)的費(fèi)率。政策研究所(Institute for Policy Studies)最近的分析顯示,,如果沒(méi)有美國(guó)郵政局,,超過(guò)7000萬(wàn)美國(guó)民眾將不得不為郵遞服務(wù)支付高昂的附加費(fèi)用。
戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō):“國(guó)會(huì)在去年三月本有機(jī)會(huì)處理這件事,,但是他們卻一直在踢皮球,。我們當(dāng)然對(duì)此表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切,。我們不希望公眾對(duì)此視而不見(jiàn),我們會(huì)繼續(xù)盡我們所能大聲公開(kāi)表達(dá)我們的觀點(diǎn),,這樣他們就不會(huì)視而不見(jiàn)了,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
名人們?cè)谕铺厣习l(fā)布它,,政客們宣傳它,有人在Instagram上介紹它,,有人甚至把它印在了T恤上,,它就是2020年末極具鼓舞性的口號(hào):拯救郵政局。
特朗普一直都毫不遮掩地表達(dá)其對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局(United States Postal Service,,USPS)的不屑,,并將其與他一直不看好的亞馬遜創(chuàng)始人杰夫?貝佐斯相提并論。他將郵政局稱之為“一個(gè)笑話”,,并認(rèn)為這個(gè)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該將亞馬遜的郵費(fèi)調(diào)高三倍,。
特朗普五月任命路易斯?德喬伊擔(dān)任郵政局新部長(zhǎng)。這位來(lái)自于北卡州的商業(yè)人士曾向共和黨和特朗普總統(tǒng)捐贈(zèng)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元,。民主黨稱,,德喬伊的任命完全是政治行為。他們擔(dān)心,,德喬伊將與特朗普政府一道,,繼續(xù)推進(jìn)郵政局緩慢的私營(yíng)化進(jìn)程。
但隨著圍繞總統(tǒng)選舉的最初混亂日漸消散,,特朗普提起的選舉舞弊訴訟被法院駁回,當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)喬?拜登的過(guò)渡團(tuán)隊(duì)成為新聞焦點(diǎn),,公眾對(duì)郵政局的關(guān)注已經(jīng)消失無(wú)蹤。
確實(shí)如此,。拜登為阻止郵政局私有化并確保其有充足資金,,而籌集了大筆競(jìng)選資金,而且,,他不久就會(huì)掌權(quán),。
在許多美國(guó)人看來(lái),這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了,。任務(wù)完成了,,對(duì)吧?
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟(American Postal Workers Union)主席馬克?戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō):“我看了針對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局新聞報(bào)道發(fā)表的一些評(píng)論,。這都是謠傳,。人們認(rèn)為,特朗普和美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)路易斯?德喬伊的關(guān)系非常密切,,因此,,特朗普下臺(tái)時(shí),路易斯?德喬伊也會(huì)隨之下臺(tái),?!?/p>
但戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō),,“常識(shí)有誤?!?/p>
實(shí)際上,,拜登既未提名也未解雇美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)——這要視美國(guó)郵政局理事會(huì)的態(tài)度而定,而理事會(huì)的大多數(shù)成員是共和黨人,。
這種困惑不難理解,,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)郵政局的內(nèi)部運(yùn)作就是這樣:令人困惑。
美國(guó)郵政局是一個(gè)依照企業(yè)模式運(yùn)作的半政府機(jī)構(gòu),,但卻履行著公共服務(wù)職能,。美國(guó)郵政局已被政治化,但應(yīng)該是非政治化,,而且郵政局在過(guò)去50年進(jìn)行了多次大規(guī)模重組,。美國(guó)郵政局局長(zhǎng)一直由總統(tǒng)提名的內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任,1970年,,尼克松為使郵政去政治化,,簽署了《郵政重組法》,之后,,提名權(quán)不再屬于白宮,。
因此,在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),,德喬伊仍將執(zhí)掌美國(guó)郵政局,,他曾向國(guó)會(huì)表示,他希望將美國(guó)郵政局的部分業(yè)務(wù)私有化,,并且已實(shí)施了一些改革,,意在減緩郵件投遞速度。
在總統(tǒng)選舉之前,,德喬伊實(shí)施了一些改革,,取消了加班分揀郵件,導(dǎo)致郵件和包裹投遞速度空前減緩,。
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟(代表約20萬(wàn)郵政工人)掌握的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,分揀員、郵遞員和郵政司機(jī)近20%的工作均須通過(guò)加班來(lái)完成,。美國(guó)郵政局并未計(jì)劃雇傭更多的員工來(lái)彌補(bǔ)時(shí)間上的不足,。迫于巨大的公眾和政治壓力,德喬伊表示,,他將在大選前暫停減緩郵件投遞速度,,但這并非長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)。
美國(guó)郵政工人聯(lián)盟官員擔(dān)心,,如果美國(guó)郵政局在大選前未受到關(guān)注,,德喬伊?xí)俅螌?shí)施改革,,但這次他們會(huì)低調(diào)行事。
“郵政局必須有足夠的員工并雇傭足夠的工人為人民服務(wù),。如果沒(méi)有足夠的人手和工作時(shí)間來(lái)確保及時(shí)提供服務(wù),,我們將會(huì)陷入惡性循環(huán)?!贝髅傻滤固拐f(shuō),。
當(dāng)然,不僅僅是郵件投遞減緩,。因新冠疫情爆發(fā),,商務(wù)郵件減少,再加上數(shù)千名郵政工人被隔離,,導(dǎo)致本已不景氣的美國(guó)郵政局的收入大幅減少,。美國(guó)郵政局第四季度報(bào)告顯示,盡管包裹數(shù)量有所增加,,但全年虧損90億美元,。營(yíng)業(yè)額從2019年的711億美元增長(zhǎng)到今年的731億美元,但普通郵件和營(yíng)銷郵件的營(yíng)業(yè)額從去年的408億美元下降到今年的377億美元,。
收入無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)虧損還有另一個(gè)原因,,美國(guó)政府對(duì)美國(guó)郵政局征收費(fèi)用,例如預(yù)付退休員工今后的醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老福利金,,但其他企業(yè)卻無(wú)此負(fù)擔(dān),。
該法案在喬治?沃克?布什政府支持下于2006年通過(guò),規(guī)定美國(guó)郵政局須預(yù)付退休員工未來(lái)幾年的醫(yī)療福利金,。公司一般會(huì)在成本上升時(shí)支付養(yǎng)老金,,但不需要預(yù)留資金。其他聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)均無(wú)此負(fù)擔(dān),,批評(píng)人士稱該法案是“苛刻的”,聲稱設(shè)立該法案是為了促使美國(guó)郵政局走向私有化,。官員們說(shuō),,新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前,養(yǎng)老金費(fèi)用估計(jì)占美國(guó)郵政局虧損的80%至90%,。
盡管如此,,德喬伊仍將虧損歸咎于美國(guó)郵政局的商業(yè)模式,并聲稱今后要削減開(kāi)支,。他說(shuō):“十多年來(lái),,美國(guó)郵政局的收支一直存在系統(tǒng)性失衡?!?/p>
戴蒙德斯坦確實(shí)找到了一條今后無(wú)需削減開(kāi)支或私有化的前進(jìn)之路,,但這也是一條緩慢的前進(jìn)之路,,需要郵政部門繼續(xù)享有其目前享有的政治資本和聲望。
國(guó)會(huì)可能會(huì)撤銷2006年《郵政責(zé)任增強(qiáng)法案》中有關(guān)預(yù)付養(yǎng)老金的內(nèi)容,。
今年年初,,國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法案,這項(xiàng)法案只是表明兩黨合作的相對(duì)態(tài)度,,但在共和黨控制的參議院未獲通過(guò),。隨著本屆國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)議結(jié)束,未通過(guò)的法案也將隨之告終,。但戴蒙德斯坦希望能在明年重新提出該法案,,而且參議院屆時(shí)會(huì)通過(guò)該項(xiàng)法案。
雖然拜登未能選出一位郵政局局長(zhǎng),,但他確實(shí)可以任命九位州長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)郵政局董事會(huì)任職,,任期七年。董事會(huì)目前只有5名成員,,這意味著拜登可馬上提名4位新州長(zhǎng)任職,。其余五名成員的任期將在拜登任期內(nèi)屆滿,可以為他提名的人員讓位,。董事會(huì)成員可以從中推選一名新的郵政局局長(zhǎng),。
郵政局仍希望國(guó)會(huì)能在接下來(lái)制定刺激計(jì)劃時(shí)考慮為美國(guó)郵政局劃撥應(yīng)急資金。郵政局要求提供250億美元應(yīng)急資金,。
此前,,德喬伊同意從美國(guó)財(cái)政部(U.S. Treasury)貸款100億美元,用于代替救助,。作為貸款的交換條件,,美國(guó)郵政局同意交出其與亞馬遜(Amazon)、聯(lián)邦快遞(FedEx)和聯(lián)合包裹(UPS)等第三方托運(yùn)商簽訂的10份利潤(rùn)最豐富合同的專有信息,。美國(guó)郵政局與這些托運(yùn)商合作提供“最后一英里”投遞服務(wù),,有時(shí)會(huì)以略微優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格投遞,這種做法一直被特朗普總統(tǒng)嘲笑,,特別是涉及亞馬遜的業(yè)務(wù),。
獲得該貸款的另一條件是,美國(guó)郵政局須向財(cái)政部提交月度和季度財(cái)務(wù)及交易量報(bào)告,。財(cái)政部還試圖利用貸款談判來(lái)控制美國(guó)郵政局的人事決定權(quán),、第三方合同批準(zhǔn)、包裹價(jià)格和工會(huì)談判策略,,但最終還是接受了專有信息,。
珍妮特?耶倫執(zhí)掌的財(cái)政部不太可能在今后的貸款中加上這些附加條件。
據(jù)皮尤研究中心(Pew)調(diào)查顯示,,美國(guó)郵政局是美國(guó)最受歡迎的政府機(jī)構(gòu),,其支持率為91%,。另一項(xiàng)民調(diào)顯示,92%的美國(guó)選民表示,,他們支持下一輪新冠病毒救助法案為美國(guó)郵政局提供直接財(cái)政援助,。
美國(guó)郵政局是唯一一家郵件服務(wù)綜合提供商,而且是郵遞行業(yè)的低成本支柱,,有助于壓低私營(yíng)郵遞服務(wù)的費(fèi)率,。政策研究所(Institute for Policy Studies)最近的分析顯示,如果沒(méi)有美國(guó)郵政局,,超過(guò)7000萬(wàn)美國(guó)民眾將不得不為郵遞服務(wù)支付高昂的附加費(fèi)用,。
戴蒙德斯坦說(shuō):“國(guó)會(huì)在去年三月本有機(jī)會(huì)處理這件事,但是他們卻一直在踢皮球,。我們當(dāng)然對(duì)此表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切,。我們不希望公眾對(duì)此視而不見(jiàn),我們會(huì)繼續(xù)盡我們所能大聲公開(kāi)表達(dá)我們的觀點(diǎn),,這樣他們就不會(huì)視而不見(jiàn)了,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
Celebrities tweeted about it, politicians campaigned on it, friends on Instagram posted about it, and some even wore it on T-shirts. It was the rallying cry of late 2020: #SaveThePostOffice.
But as the initial chaos surrounding the presidential election begins to dissipate, President Donald Trump’s election-fraud lawsuits get thrown out of court, and President-elect Joe Biden’s transition team takes over the news cycle, that public fervor for the United States Postal Service has fallen to the wayside.
It makes sense. Biden, who raised campaign dollars on his plan to keep the post office from privatizing and to supply it with adequate funding, will soon be in power.
The problem, in many American eyes, is solved. Mission accomplished, right?
“I see the comments on news stories about the USPS,” said Mark Diamondstein, president of the American Postal Workers Union. “They’re all exploding with misinformation. The public thinks that the postmaster general [Louis DeJoy] is going to go away when Trump does because they’re so closely linked."
But, said Diamondstein, "the common wisdom is wrong.”
In reality, Biden does not get to nominate or fire the postmaster general—that’s up to the USPS Board of Governors, the majority of whom are Republican.
It's easy to understand the confusion because the inner workings of the Postal Service are just that: confusing.
It's a semi-governmental agency that runs like a business but functions like a public service. It's politicized but supposed to be apolitical, and there have been a number of large restructurings of the post office in the past 50 years. Until 1970, postmaster general was a cabinet position, nominated by the President, but the power shifted away from the White House in Nixon's Postal Reorganization Act as an attempt to depoliticize the job.
And so DeJoy, who has told Congress that he would like to privatize parts of the USPS and who made changes with the intent to slow mail delivery, will remain at the helm of the post office for the foreseeable future.
Ahead of the election, DeJoy instituted changes to eliminate overtime distribution and sorting, resulting in unprecedented slowdowns of mail and package delivery.
Data obtained by the American Postal Workers Union, which represents about 200,000 postal workers, shows that nearly 20% of all work by mail handlers, city carriers, and postal drivers is done in overtime. There were no plans to hire more employees to make up for the cut in hours. After significant public and political pressure, DeJoy said that he would suspend the slowdown until after the election but not permanently.
Without the attention that was heaped upon the USPS in the lead-up to the election, union officials worry that he’ll be able to make changes one again, but this time they'll fly under the radar.
“The post office has to have enough staff and hire enough workers to serve the people. If you don’t have enough people and hours of work to make sure that there is prompt service, that puts us into a downward spiral,” said Diamondstein.
It’s not just slowdowns. A lack of business-class mail and the quarantine of thousands of postal workers because of COVID-19 have led to a significant loss in revenue for the already ailing postal service. In the fourth quarter, USPS reported that it had lost $9 billion for the full year, despite an increase in package volume. Sales were up $73.1 billion from $71.1 billion in 2019, but first-class mail and marketing mail sales fell to $37.7 billion from $40.8 billion last year.
The gap between revenue and reported losses was also the result of expenses that the U.S. government imposes on the postal service and which other businesses don’t face, like the pre-funding of retiree health care pensions well into the future.
The law, passed in 2006 with the support of the George W. Bush administration, required USPS to pre-fund employee retiree health benefits years into the future. Typically, companies that pay pensions do so as the cost arises and aren’t required to set aside money in advance. No other federal agency bears this burden, and critics call the law “draconian,” claiming that it was created with the intention of leading the postal service toward privatization. Pension funding accounted for an estimated 80% to 90% of the agency’s losses before the pandemic, said officials.
Still, DeJoy blamed the postal service’s business model for the loss and called for future cuts. “The postal service has had a systemic imbalance between revenues and costs for more than a decade,” he said.
Diamondstein does see a way forward without future cuts or privatization, but it's a slow way forward and requires the postal service to retain the political capital and popularity it currently enjoys.
Congress could overturn the parts of the 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act that require the pre-funding of pensions.
Earlier this year, Congress passed a bill that did just that along relatively bipartisan lines, but it got stuck in the Republican-controlled Senate. As this session of Congress comes to an end, so does the un-passed bill. But Diamondstein has hope that it will be reintroduced next year and the Senate will be more agreeable this time around.
And while Biden is unable to pick a postmaster general, he does get to appoint the nine governors who serve on the board of the USPS for seven-year terms. There are currently only five members serving, which means that Biden can nominate four new governors right away. The remaining five members will see their terms expire over the course of his administration, freeing up more room for his nominees. Those serving on the board are permitted to select a new postmaster general.
The postal service is also still holding out hope that Congress will include emergency funding for the agency in its next stimulus package. It's asking for $25 billion.
Previously, DeJoy agreed to take a $10 billion loan from the U.S. Treasury in lieu of a bailout. In exchange for the loan, the postal service agreed to hand over proprietary information about 10 of its most lucrative contracts with third-party shippers like Amazon, FedEx, and UPS. The postal service works with these shippers to deliver “l(fā)ast mile” deliveries, sometimes at slightly discounted rates, a practice that Trump has long derided, especially when it pertains to Amazon.
The loan also requires the USPS to deliver the Treasury with monthly and quarterly financial and volume reports. The Treasury has also attempted to use the loan negotiations to gain control of personnel decisions, third-party contract approvals, package prices, and union negotiation strategies but eventually settled for receiving proprietary information.
It is unlikely that Janet Yellen’s Treasury will attach these caveats to any future loans.
The USPS is the most well-liked government agency in the country, according to Pew, with a 91% favorability rating. Another poll found that 92% of American voters said they supported direct financial aid for USPS as part of the next coronavirus relief bill.
The USPS is the only universal provider of mail service and has been a low-cost anchor for the mailing industry, helping to keep private mail service rates down. A recent analysis by the Institute for Policy Studies found that without the USPS, 70 million more Americans would have to pay hefty surcharges for deliveries.
“Look, I wish Congress had dealt with this head-on last March when they had the opportunity to, but instead the can got kicked down the road,” said Diamondstein. “We’re certainly concerned. We don’t want the public to take their eye off the prize, and we’re going to continue to try to be as public and loud as we can in our views so that they don’t.”