亚色在线观看_亚洲人成a片高清在线观看不卡_亚洲中文无码亚洲人成频_免费在线黄片,69精品视频九九精品视频,美女大黄三级,人人干人人g,全新av网站每日更新播放,亚洲三及片,wwww无码视频,亚洲中文字幕无码一区在线

首頁 500強 活動 榜單 商業(yè) 科技 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力 專題 品牌中心
雜志訂閱

奪冠機會渺茫,,美國富商為何依舊扎堆購買意甲球隊

Eric J. Lyman
2021-03-10

財大氣粗的美國人進軍意甲,,帶著想要改變意大利國民運動現(xiàn)狀的計劃和方案,。

文本設(shè)置
小號
默認
大號
Plus(0條)

有線電視巨頭競立媒體(Mediacom)的創(chuàng)始人、億萬富翁羅科·康米索去年一頭撞上了意大利聞名全球的官僚體系,。

這位現(xiàn)年71歲的意大利裔美國人在2019年斥資1.7億歐元收購了意甲聯(lián)賽佛羅倫薩俱樂部的控股權(quán)。對于這支上次奪冠還是在1969年(在布朗克斯長大的康米索那時還在哥倫比亞大學(xué)念書)的球隊,,他有一個宏大的計劃,。他說他愿意在工資和球員發(fā)展上花錢,但計劃的核心是在托斯卡納首府佛羅倫薩建一個更大,、更現(xiàn)代化的主場體育場,。

“我希望我們的球迷可以舒舒服服地看比賽,,不用受到惡劣天氣的影響?!彼?dāng)時這樣解釋這項計劃,,“但我們也希望新球場能夠提高收入。尤文圖斯一年的收入為5億歐元,,我們卻只有1億歐元,。這樣可沒有競爭力?!?/p>

意大利的文化遺產(chǎn)部卻帶著一條“叫?!钡男畔⒔槿脒M來,因為這條信息,,康米索甚至威脅要徹底退出(截至本周,,還沒有退)。原來,,這座有43000個座位,、建于1931年法西斯時代的阿特米奧·弗蘭奇體育場(Artemio Franchi Stadium)是一座地標建筑。盡管這座城市擁有始建于1296年的哥特式大教堂(Duomo),、意大利頂級藝術(shù)博物館烏菲齊(Uffizi)和文藝復(fù)興時期的維奇奧橋(Ponte Vecchio),,這座體育場仍然被認為是當(dāng)?shù)刈钪匾慕ㄖ鍖氈弧?/p>

美國人來了

歡迎來到意大利,這個國家的繁文縟節(jié)可是和它的美景與文化齊名,。盡管國內(nèi)職業(yè)足球隊的老板們面臨這樣或那樣的挑戰(zhàn),,財大氣粗的美國人還是源源不斷地涌向這門生意,帶著想要改變意大利國民運動現(xiàn)狀的計劃和方案,。

上個月,,金融家羅伯特·普拉特克成為第五位掌管意甲20支球隊之一的美國人。據(jù)報道,,他以2500萬歐元的價格買下了最近才升入意甲的斯佩齊亞,。

除了佛羅倫薩和斯佩齊亞,美國人還掌管著帕爾馬(投資者凱爾·克勞斯),、羅馬(商人兼電影導(dǎo)演丹·弗里德金)和AC米蘭(對沖基金之王保羅·辛格,,通過埃利奧特管理公司)。還有一家俱樂部博洛尼亞由加拿大億萬富翁喬伊·薩普托控制,。

單純從競爭力的角度來看,,投資AC米蘭還算合理:它是意甲“三巨頭”之一。尤文圖斯,、國際米蘭和AC米蘭贏得了意甲聯(lián)賽最近29個冠軍中的27個,,這種擁有達爾文式優(yōu)勢的球隊可能會讓球迷們花高價在球場上暢飲啤酒。

那么其他的圈外億萬富翁投資者呢,?

“我一直在問自己這個問題:這對他們有什么好處,?為什么要擁有一支幾乎毫無奪冠可能的球隊,?”《真正的足球老板》(I Veri Padroni del Calcio)一書的作者馬克·貝利納佐向《財富》雜志表示。

“意大利和美國不同,,在美國,,只要有好的選秀權(quán)、做些精明的交易,、再來點好運氣,,幾乎任何球隊都可能會贏?!彼f,,“而無論斯佩齊亞的老板用什么招數(shù),這支球隊都很難在意甲贏得很多比賽,?!?/p>

斯佩齊亞去年才首次躋身意甲。(在大多數(shù)歐洲聯(lián)賽中,,排名墊底的三支球隊會被降級,,低級別球隊中排名前三可以升級)。從上周末的比賽來看,,斯佩齊亞和佛羅倫薩的成績相差不大,,都排在聯(lián)賽的14到16名?;蛘?,換句話說,再踢幾場臭球就等著降級了,。這在意大利足球界,,關(guān)乎的不僅僅是榮譽,還有利潤,。

假球丑聞

在意大利,,足球被稱為“calcio”,腐敗對足球界來說可不陌生,。

2006年,,“電話門”假球丑聞讓意大利足球陷入癱瘓。丑聞始于被竊聽的通話揭露了包括尤文圖斯在內(nèi)的多家俱樂部高層與裁判機構(gòu)勾結(jié),,尋找愿意合作的裁判主持重要賽事,。作為懲罰,尤文圖斯被降至乙級,,還被褫奪了上個賽季的冠軍頭銜,。五年后,丑聞卷土重來,。一項新調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,2011至2012賽季,球員們故意放水輸?shù)舯荣?。對心大的意甲球迷來說,,這些事只會讓他們更加相信,只有在場下最有實力和最有影響力的球隊才能夠在場上取勝,。

沒有比尤文圖斯,、國際米蘭和AC米蘭更有影響力的俱樂部了。三巨頭之所以可以統(tǒng)治意甲,,因為這是一個滿是窮隊的聯(lián)盟,。除了兩三個例外,意甲的其他球隊既沒有球場,、知名度和電視轉(zhuǎn)播,,也沒有愿意買周邊的球迷基礎(chǔ),毫無競爭力,。

新冠疫情在某種程度上起到了平衡作用,。由于防疫限制措施,今年比賽日的收入差異不太明顯,。競爭因此稍微公平了一點,,因為在正常情況下,斯佩齊亞能夠容納1萬人的皮科體育場(Picco Stadium)和米蘭8萬人的圣西羅(San Siro)體育場之間存在巨大差距,。事實上,,Picco是意大利單詞“piccolo”的前兩個音節(jié),這個詞的意思就是“小”,。

另外,,同樣不可以指望除了本地人,會有其他人排隊搶購斯佩齊亞的紅白隊服,。

“只要斯佩齊亞還在意甲,,他們就不賠不賺,因為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)收入剛好和普拉特克的投入相當(dāng),?!必惱锛{佐說,“但這可能是最好的情況,。如果球隊重回乙級聯(lián)賽,,那就再見了您嘞!”

2021年1月3日,,阿爾貝托·皮科體育場是意甲最小的場館之一,,僅可容納約1萬人,和美國高中的體育場差不多,。圖片來源:Giorgio Perottino—Getty Images

長期為《世界足球》(World Soccer)撰稿,、著有《意大利力量:意大利足球的興衰》(Forza Italia: the Fall and Rise of Italian Football)的帕迪·阿格紐說,,美國人的興趣或許反映出意大利足球的衰落。

“當(dāng)我在30年前搬到意大利時,,著名的意大利足球裁判皮耶路易吉·科利納幾乎無法為歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽任何一場比賽判罰,,因為競技雙方總有一支意大利隊?!卑⒏窦~在一次采訪中說,,原因是人們不能為本國球隊擔(dān)任裁判?!吧鲜兰o八九十年代,,意大利足球就像足球界的好萊塢,但現(xiàn)在它頂多只能夠排在歐洲第四位,,前面還有英國,、西班牙和德國?!?/p>

這種退步可以歸結(jié)為電視轉(zhuǎn)播管理不善和意大利經(jīng)濟的全面衰退,,這些因素共同作用,推低了球隊的價值,。羅馬《共和報》(La Repubblica)的足球記者恩里科·庫羅認為,,美國老板之所以愿意買入球隊,部分原因可能是想以低價獲得擁有一支歐洲前頂級聯(lián)賽球隊的派頭,。

庫羅告訴《財富》雜志:“普拉特克給斯佩齊亞花的錢,,在英國可能連一支排在乙級聯(lián)賽前一半的球隊都買不到?!?/p>

“在意大利,,擁有一支像斯佩齊亞這樣的球隊并不能夠代表什么。但也許在國際上,,說你有一支意甲球隊則可以帶來一些價值,。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

有線電視巨頭競立媒體(Mediacom)的創(chuàng)始人,、億萬富翁羅科·康米索去年一頭撞上了意大利聞名全球的官僚體系,。

這位現(xiàn)年71歲的意大利裔美國人在2019年斥資1.7億歐元收購了意甲聯(lián)賽佛羅倫薩俱樂部的控股權(quán)。對于這支上次奪冠還是在1969年(在布朗克斯長大的康米索那時還在哥倫比亞大學(xué)念書)的球隊,,他有一個宏大的計劃,。他說他愿意在工資和球員發(fā)展上花錢,但計劃的核心是在托斯卡納首府佛羅倫薩建一個更大,、更現(xiàn)代化的主場體育場,。

“我希望我們的球迷可以舒舒服服地看比賽,不用受到惡劣天氣的影響?!彼?dāng)時這樣解釋這項計劃,,“但我們也希望新球場能夠提高收入。尤文圖斯一年的收入為5億歐元,,我們卻只有1億歐元,。這樣可沒有競爭力,?!?/p>

意大利的文化遺產(chǎn)部卻帶著一條“叫停”的信息介入進來,,因為這條信息,,康米索甚至威脅要徹底退出(截至本周,還沒有退),。原來,,這座有43000個座位、建于1931年法西斯時代的阿特米奧·弗蘭奇體育場(Artemio Franchi Stadium)是一座地標建筑,。盡管這座城市擁有始建于1296年的哥特式大教堂(Duomo),、意大利頂級藝術(shù)博物館烏菲齊(Uffizi)和文藝復(fù)興時期的維奇奧橋(Ponte Vecchio),這座體育場仍然被認為是當(dāng)?shù)刈钪匾慕ㄖ鍖氈弧?/p>

美國人來了

歡迎來到意大利,,這個國家的繁文縟節(jié)可是和它的美景與文化齊名,。盡管國內(nèi)職業(yè)足球隊的老板們面臨這樣或那樣的挑戰(zhàn),財大氣粗的美國人還是源源不斷地涌向這門生意,,帶著想要改變意大利國民運動現(xiàn)狀的計劃和方案,。

上個月,金融家羅伯特·普拉特克成為第五位掌管意甲20支球隊之一的美國人,。據(jù)報道,,他以2500萬歐元的價格買下了最近才升入意甲的斯佩齊亞。

除了佛羅倫薩和斯佩齊亞,,美國人還掌管著帕爾馬(投資者凱爾·克勞斯),、羅馬(商人兼電影導(dǎo)演丹·弗里德金)和AC米蘭(對沖基金之王保羅·辛格,通過埃利奧特管理公司),。還有一家俱樂部博洛尼亞由加拿大億萬富翁喬伊·薩普托控制,。

單純從競爭力的角度來看,投資AC米蘭還算合理:它是意甲“三巨頭”之一,。尤文圖斯,、國際米蘭和AC米蘭贏得了意甲聯(lián)賽最近29個冠軍中的27個,這種擁有達爾文式優(yōu)勢的球隊可能會讓球迷們花高價在球場上暢飲啤酒,。

那么其他的圈外億萬富翁投資者呢,?

“我一直在問自己這個問題:這對他們有什么好處?為什么要擁有一支幾乎毫無奪冠可能的球隊?”《真正的足球老板》(I Veri Padroni del Calcio)一書的作者馬克·貝利納佐向《財富》雜志表示,。

“意大利和美國不同,,在美國,只要有好的選秀權(quán),、做些精明的交易,、再來點好運氣,幾乎任何球隊都可能會贏,?!彼f,“而無論斯佩齊亞的老板用什么招數(shù),,這支球隊都很難在意甲贏得很多比賽,。”

斯佩齊亞去年才首次躋身意甲,。(在大多數(shù)歐洲聯(lián)賽中,,排名墊底的三支球隊會被降級,低級別球隊中排名前三可以升級),。從上周末的比賽來看,,斯佩齊亞和佛羅倫薩的成績相差不大,都排在聯(lián)賽的14到16名,?;蛘撸瑩Q句話說,,再踢幾場臭球就等著降級了,。這在意大利足球界,關(guān)乎的不僅僅是榮譽,,還有利潤,。

假球丑聞

在意大利,足球被稱為“calcio”,,腐敗對足球界來說可不陌生,。

2006年,“電話門”假球丑聞讓意大利足球陷入癱瘓,。丑聞始于被竊聽的通話揭露了包括尤文圖斯在內(nèi)的多家俱樂部高層與裁判機構(gòu)勾結(jié),,尋找愿意合作的裁判主持重要賽事。作為懲罰,,尤文圖斯被降至乙級,,還被褫奪了上個賽季的冠軍頭銜。五年后,,丑聞卷土重來,。一項新調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),,2011至2012賽季,球員們故意放水輸?shù)舯荣?。對心大的意甲球迷來說,,這些事只會讓他們更加相信,只有在場下最有實力和最有影響力的球隊才能夠在場上取勝,。

沒有比尤文圖斯,、國際米蘭和AC米蘭更有影響力的俱樂部了。三巨頭之所以可以統(tǒng)治意甲,,因為這是一個滿是窮隊的聯(lián)盟,。除了兩三個例外,意甲的其他球隊既沒有球場,、知名度和電視轉(zhuǎn)播,,也沒有愿意買周邊的球迷基礎(chǔ),毫無競爭力,。

新冠疫情在某種程度上起到了平衡作用。由于防疫限制措施,,今年比賽日的收入差異不太明顯,。競爭因此稍微公平了一點,因為在正常情況下,,斯佩齊亞能夠容納1萬人的皮科體育場(Picco Stadium)和米蘭8萬人的圣西羅(San Siro)體育場之間存在巨大差距,。事實上,Picco是意大利單詞“piccolo”的前兩個音節(jié),,這個詞的意思就是“小”,。

另外,同樣不可以指望除了本地人,,會有其他人排隊搶購斯佩齊亞的紅白隊服,。

“只要斯佩齊亞還在意甲,他們就不賠不賺,,因為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)收入剛好和普拉特克的投入相當(dāng),。”貝里納佐說,,“但這可能是最好的情況,。如果球隊重回乙級聯(lián)賽,那就再見了您嘞,!”

長期為《世界足球》(World Soccer)撰稿,、著有《意大利力量:意大利足球的興衰》(Forza Italia: the Fall and Rise of Italian Football)的帕迪·阿格紐說,美國人的興趣或許反映出意大利足球的衰落,。

“當(dāng)我在30年前搬到意大利時,,著名的意大利足球裁判皮耶路易吉·科利納幾乎無法為歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽任何一場比賽判罰,,因為競技雙方總有一支意大利隊?!卑⒏窦~在一次采訪中說,,原因是人們不能為本國球隊擔(dān)任裁判?!吧鲜兰o八九十年代,,意大利足球就像足球界的好萊塢,但現(xiàn)在它頂多只能夠排在歐洲第四位,,前面還有英國,、西班牙和德國?!?/p>

這種退步可以歸結(jié)為電視轉(zhuǎn)播管理不善和意大利經(jīng)濟的全面衰退,,這些因素共同作用,推低了球隊的價值,。羅馬《共和報》(La Repubblica)的足球記者恩里科·庫羅認為,,美國老板之所以愿意買入球隊,部分原因可能是想以低價獲得擁有一支歐洲前頂級聯(lián)賽球隊的派頭,。

庫羅告訴《財富》雜志:“普拉特克給斯佩齊亞花的錢,,在英國可能連一支排在乙級聯(lián)賽前一半的球隊都買不到?!?/p>

“在意大利,,擁有一支像斯佩齊亞這樣的球隊并不能夠代表什么。但也許在國際上,,說你有一支意甲球隊則可以帶來一些價值,。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

Rocco Commisso, the billionaire founder of cable television giant Mediacom, ran headlong into Italy’s famed bureaucracy last year.

The 71-year-old Italian-American in 2019 shelled out €170 million for a controlling stake in Italy’s Serie A Fiorentina soccer club. He had big plans for a team that last won a championship in 1969—back when Commisso, raised in the Bronx, was an undergrad at Columbia University. He said he was willing to spend on payroll and player development, but the centerpiece of the plan was to build a larger, modern home stadium in the Tuscan capital, Florence.

“I want our fans to be protected from the elements and to be comfortable when they watch the game,” he explained about his plans at the time. “But we also want the new stadium to be a revenue driver. Juventus earns €500 million a year in revenue and we get €100 million. We can’t be competitive like this.”

Enter Italy’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage with a not-so-fast message that prompted Commisso to threaten to walk way from the whole thing (as of this week, he’s still on board). Turns out Florence’s 43,000-seat Fascist-era Artemio Franchi Stadium, built in 1931, is a historical landmark. Even in a city that boasts a gothic Duomo started in 1296, Italy’s top art museum, the Uffizi, and the Renaissance-era Ponte Vecchio, the stadium is considered one of the city's most important architectural treasures.

Americano, Americano

Welcome to Italy, a country known as much for its business-busting red tape, as for its beauty and culture. Despite the many challenges professional football team owners face in the country, deep-pocketed Americans keep coming with plans to shake up the national pastime.

Last month, financier Robert Platek became the fifth American to take control of one of the 20 teams in Italy’s Serie A, the top division. He bought newly-minted Serie A cellar-dweller, La Spezia, for a reported €25 million.

In addition to Fiorentina and La Spezia, Americans are at the helm of Parma (investor Kyle Krause), AS Roma (businessman and film director Dan Friedkin), and AC Milan (hedge fund king Paul Singer, via fund manager Elliott Management). A sixth club, Bologna, is controlled by Canadian billionaire Joey Saputo.

From a purely competitive perspective, AC Milan probably makes some sound investment sense: it is one of Serie’s A’s “big three.” The triumvirate of Juventus, Inter-Milan and AC Milan have combined to win 27 of the last 29 Serie A titles, a streak of Darwinian inequality that might make sports fans back home spit out their over-priced ballpark beers.

As for the other billionaire outsider investors?

“I ask myself that question all of the time: What is in it for them? Why own a team that has almost zero chance to win a championship?” Marco Bellinazzo, author of the book I Veri Padroni del Calcio (The Real Owners of Soccer), told Fortune.

“In Italy, it’s not like U.S. sports, where with some good draft picks, smart trades, and some good luck, almost any team has a chance to become a contender,” he said. “La Spezia is going to have a very hard time winning a lot of games in Serie A, no matter what the owner does.”

La Spezia only made it to Serie A for the first time in its history last year. (In most European leagues, the bottom three teams in the standings are demoted to a lower division and the top three lower-division teams rise up to the top). As of last weekend’s games, both La Spezia and Fiorentina were two of the three teams in a tie for 14th through 16th place in the league. Or, to put it another way, they are a couple of bad games away from being booted to a lower division. In calcio, there's not just pride on the line, but profits.

Match-fixing scandals

In Italy, calcio, as the sport is called, and corruption are hardly strangers.

In 2006, the “Calciopoli” match-fixing scandal took Italian soccer to its knees. The scandal started when bugged phone calls revealed top brass from a number of clubs, including Juventus, were in cahoots with the referee organizations looking for a pliant ref to officiate key matches. As punishment, Juventus was relegated to Serie B, and stripped of its title from the previous season. Five years later, the dirt flew again. A separate investigation found that players were taking dives in an effort to throw games during the 2011-2012 season. For the more casual fan of Serie A calcio, these incidents only fuel the suspicion that only the most powerful and best connected off the field stand a chance of winning the contest on it.

And no clubs are more powerful than Juve, Inter and Milan. The dominance of these three Goliaths of Serie A is the result of their grip over a league full of have-nots. With a mere two or three exceptions, the others don't have the stadiums, name recognition, television deals or merchandise-buying fan bases to compete.

The pandemic has been something of a leveler. Game-day revenue is a non-factor this year, due to coronavirus health restrictions. That evens the playing field a little, since under normal circumstances there’s an enormous difference between the 10,000-seat Picco Stadium in La Spezia—the stadium’s name is literally the first two syllables of the Italian word “piccolo,” or “l(fā)ittle”—and Milan’s San Siro, which seats 80,000.

It’s also doubtful that many people outside the region are going to line up to buy La Spezia’s red-back-and white uniform jerseys.

“As long as La Spezia stays in Serie A they’ll break even, since they get revenue-sharing for television rights which will give them about what Platek paid for the team,” Bellinazzo said. “But that’s probably the best-case scenario. And, if they end up back in Serie B, then good night.”

According to Paddy Agnew, a long-time writer for World Soccer and the author of “Forza Italia: The Fall and Rise of Italian Football,” American interest may be a reflection of the decline of Italian football.

“When I moved to Italy 30 years ago, Pierluigi Collina, the famous Italian football referee, could hardly ever officiate a Champion’s League match because there was always an Italian team involved,” Agnew said in an interview, referring to a rule in which the referee cannot officiate a match involving a team from his home country. “Italian soccer was like Hollywood in the 1980s and 1990s, but now it’s probably Europe’s fourth-best league at best, behind the U.K., Spain, and Germany.”

That decline can be boiled down to mismanaged television deals and an overall erosion of the Italian economy, which all combined to push the values of teams lower. Enrico Curro, a football writer with Rome’s La Repubblica newspaper, believes American owners may be motivated in part by the prestige of owning a team in what was once Europe’s top league—at a bargain price.

“The amount Platek paid for La Spezia probably wouldn’t buy a team in the top half of the second division in the U.K.,” Curro told Fortune.

“In Italy, owning a team like La Spezia doesn’t mean much. But maybe there’s some value to being able to say you own a Serie A team internationally.”

財富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識產(chǎn)權(quán)為財富媒體知識產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有,。未經(jīng)許可,,禁止進行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編,、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用,。
0條Plus
精彩評論
評論

撰寫或查看更多評論

請打開財富Plus APP

前往打開
熱讀文章