多年來,,美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)一直處于投資不足的狀態(tài),后果顯而易見——人們不得不經(jīng)歷斷電斷水?dāng)嗯瘹?,不時還會出現(xiàn)影響整個城鎮(zhèn)的橋梁倒塌,、大壩潰壩和交通癱瘓事件。
美國一直都忽視了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施存在的問題,,因此自食惡果,。長期以來,政策制定者和當(dāng)選官員都沒有進(jìn)行必要的投資,,導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在容量不足、維護(hù)預(yù)算不夠等各種問題,。
我們已經(jīng)看到了這種狀況引發(fā)的悲劇——不久前,,得克薩斯州的極寒天氣導(dǎo)致全州數(shù)百萬人斷水?dāng)嚯姡踔吝€有人因此而喪生,。密歇根州弗林特的自來水危機(jī)和全加州輪流停電也證明了,,危險糟糕的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施會讓無數(shù)人的生活出現(xiàn)變數(shù)。這些事件并非偶然,。去年,,美國發(fā)生了22起天氣和氣候災(zāi)害,每次損失至少10億美元,,為史上最高,。
我們還知道,由于投資不足,,很多孩子無法接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或接入受限,,遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)受阻,在學(xué)習(xí)中掉隊了,。
這種情況的存在風(fēng)險很高,。美國土木工程師協(xié)會(American Society for Civil Engineers)在其最新的《美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工作報告》(Report Card for America’s Infrastructure)中進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。
美國投入在機(jī)場,、公路,、鐵路和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施運維上的資金只有所需資金的一半左右,缺口近2600億美元,。這也是為什么17種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中有11種評級為D,。這份成績單可讓人高興不起來。還有許多傳統(tǒng)運輸和水資源系統(tǒng)得到了最低評級。它們因為長期投資不足,,狀況不佳,。
盡管兩黨對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施問題都很感興趣,最近幾任總統(tǒng)也表現(xiàn)出了強烈興趣,,但年復(fù)一年,,我們遲遲沒有及時支付賬單。現(xiàn)在賬單已經(jīng)逾期了,,成本每天都在上升,。我們沒有投入必要的資金來維護(hù)可能建成于50多年前的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
如果我們再不采取行動,,經(jīng)濟(jì)就將遭受驚人的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,。除非國會和政府迅速采取行動,縮小投資缺口,,否則美國經(jīng)濟(jì)在未來20年將失去10萬億美元的增長和2.4萬億美元的出口,。數(shù)以百萬計的工作崗位將消失。
如果不能對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行充分投資,,所有人就都要付出代價,。糟糕的道路和機(jī)場意味著出行時間增加。老化的電網(wǎng)和不完善的供水系統(tǒng)使人們的生活難有保障,。
這些問題會導(dǎo)致企業(yè)生產(chǎn),、運輸和提供服務(wù)的成本上升。高成本又會傳導(dǎo)給工人和家庭,。美國逾期的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施賬單每年要花費每個普通美國家庭3300美元,,這是一項壓在每一個家庭身上的隱性稅收。
雪上加霜的是,,新冠肺炎疫情對國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目資金的負(fù)面影響,,可能會破壞一些領(lǐng)域(例如飲用水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)在過去四年中取得的微小進(jìn)展。
各級政府的決策者都明白,,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施對維持公眾生活質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用關(guān)鍵,。但現(xiàn)在我們需要的不僅僅是理解,還需要行動,。
美國可以通過基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),,支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,節(jié)省資金,,幫助美國企業(yè)取得全球競爭力,,讓整個系統(tǒng)更具韌性。
兩黨都同意基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需要改善,,現(xiàn)在是時候采取行動了,。政府早晚都要為此買單,。如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動,用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和維修的資金缺口就將在未來幾年急劇擴(kuò)大,。
美國土木工程師協(xié)會和“建設(shè)美國未來”組織(Building America’s Future)呼吁國會和拜登政府共同努力,,雷厲風(fēng)行,為提升國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等級提供持續(xù)投資,。如果能夠這樣做,,每個美國家庭、社區(qū)和企業(yè)就都有更大的幾率煥發(fā)生機(jī),。(財富中文網(wǎng))
讓-路易·布勞德是美國土木工程師協(xié)會主席,、德州農(nóng)工大學(xué)教授。
雷·拉胡德是“建設(shè)美國未來”組織的聯(lián)合主席,。他曾于2009年至2013年任美國交通部部長,,并代表伊利諾伊州第18選區(qū)擔(dān)任過七屆美國眾議員。
譯者:Agatha
多年來,,美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)一直處于投資不足的狀態(tài),,后果顯而易見——人們不得不經(jīng)歷斷電斷水?dāng)嗯瘹猓粫r還會出現(xiàn)影響整個城鎮(zhèn)的橋梁倒塌,、大壩潰壩和交通癱瘓事件,。
美國一直都忽視了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施存在的問題,因此自食惡果,。長期以來,政策制定者和當(dāng)選官員都沒有進(jìn)行必要的投資,,導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在容量不足,、維護(hù)預(yù)算不夠等各種問題。
我們已經(jīng)看到了這種狀況引發(fā)的悲劇——不久前,,得克薩斯州的極寒天氣導(dǎo)致全州數(shù)百萬人斷水?dāng)嚯?,甚至還有人因此而喪生。密歇根州弗林特的自來水危機(jī)和全加州輪流停電也證明了,,危險糟糕的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施會讓無數(shù)人的生活出現(xiàn)變數(shù),。這些事件并非偶然。去年,,美國發(fā)生了22起天氣和氣候災(zāi)害,,每次損失至少10億美元,為史上最高,。
我們還知道,,由于投資不足,很多孩子無法接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或接入受限,,遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)受阻,,在學(xué)習(xí)中掉隊了,。
這種情況的存在風(fēng)險很高。美國土木工程師協(xié)會(American Society for Civil Engineers)在其最新的《美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工作報告》(Report Card for America’s Infrastructure)中進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明,。
美國投入在機(jī)場,、公路、鐵路和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施運維上的資金只有所需資金的一半左右,,缺口近2600億美元,。這也是為什么17種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中有11種評級為D。這份成績單可讓人高興不起來,。還有許多傳統(tǒng)運輸和水資源系統(tǒng)得到了最低評級,。它們因為長期投資不足,狀況不佳,。
盡管兩黨對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施問題都很感興趣,,最近幾任總統(tǒng)也表現(xiàn)出了強烈興趣,但年復(fù)一年,,我們遲遲沒有及時支付賬單?,F(xiàn)在賬單已經(jīng)逾期了,成本每天都在上升,。我們沒有投入必要的資金來維護(hù)可能建成于50多年前的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,。
如果我們再不采取行動,經(jīng)濟(jì)就將遭受驚人的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,。除非國會和政府迅速采取行動,,縮小投資缺口,否則美國經(jīng)濟(jì)在未來20年將失去10萬億美元的增長和2.4萬億美元的出口,。數(shù)以百萬計的工作崗位將消失,。
如果不能對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行充分投資,所有人就都要付出代價,。糟糕的道路和機(jī)場意味著出行時間增加,。老化的電網(wǎng)和不完善的供水系統(tǒng)使人們的生活難有保障。
這些問題會導(dǎo)致企業(yè)生產(chǎn),、運輸和提供服務(wù)的成本上升,。高成本又會傳導(dǎo)給工人和家庭。美國逾期的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施賬單每年要花費每個普通美國家庭3300美元,,這是一項壓在每一個家庭身上的隱性稅收,。
雪上加霜的是,新冠肺炎疫情對國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目資金的負(fù)面影響,,可能會破壞一些領(lǐng)域(例如飲用水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)在過去四年中取得的微小進(jìn)展,。
各級政府的決策者都明白,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施對維持公眾生活質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用關(guān)鍵,。但現(xiàn)在我們需要的不僅僅是理解,,還需要行動,。
美國可以通過基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,,節(jié)省資金,,幫助美國企業(yè)取得全球競爭力,讓整個系統(tǒng)更具韌性,。
兩黨都同意基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需要改善,,現(xiàn)在是時候采取行動了。政府早晚都要為此買單,。如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動,,用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和維修的資金缺口就將在未來幾年急劇擴(kuò)大。
美國土木工程師協(xié)會和“建設(shè)美國未來”組織(Building America’s Future)呼吁國會和拜登政府共同努力,,雷厲風(fēng)行,,為提升國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等級提供持續(xù)投資。如果能夠這樣做,,每個美國家庭,、社區(qū)和企業(yè)就都有更大的幾率煥發(fā)生機(jī)。(財富中文網(wǎng))
讓-路易·布勞德是美國土木工程師協(xié)會主席,、德州農(nóng)工大學(xué)教授,。
雷·拉胡德是“建設(shè)美國未來”組織的聯(lián)合主席。他曾于2009年至2013年任美國交通部部長,,并代表伊利諾伊州第18選區(qū)擔(dān)任過七屆美國眾議員,。
譯者:Agatha
Infrastructure has been underfunded for many years and the consequences are very clear—people forced to go without power, heat, and water, or a whole town affected when a bridge collapses, a dam breaks, or transit fails.
We continue to ignore the inadequacies of our infrastructure at our own peril. For too long, policymakers and elected officials eschewed needed investment, leaving our built networks to suffer—everything from capacity challenges to inadequate maintenance budgets.
We have seen how this can result in tragic consequences—most recently in Texas, where extreme cold weather knocked out power and water for millions of people across the state and resulted in lives lost. The Flint, Mich., water crisis and rolling blackouts across California are other examples that prove how dangerous or poor infrastructure can alter the lives of a large population. These are not isolated incidents. Last year, there were 22 weather and climate disasters in the U.S. that cost at least $1 billion each, the most in history.
We also know the lack of investment is causing many of our kids to be left behind, due to limited or lack of access to adequate broadband for remote learning.
The stakes are high. We know that because the American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE) spelled them out in its new Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.
Every year, the U.S. is only spending about half of what is needed to keep airports, roads, rails, and other infrastructure in good shape, leaving a shortfall of nearly $260 billion. That’s why 11 out of 17 types of infrastructure received a D-range grade. That is not a report card you would be proud to take home. Many of our legacy transportation and water resource systems received the lowest grades. They suffer from chronic underinvestment and are in poor condition.
Despite broad, bipartisan interest in infrastructure and strong interest from all recent Presidents, year after year we have not paid the bill. It’s now overdue and the costs keep rising with every day that passes. We’ve failed to make the investments needed to maintain infrastructure that in some cases was built more than 50 years ago.
The economic harm if we don’t act is staggering and sobering. Unless Congress and the administration acts quickly to close the investment gap, the U.S. economy will be on pace to lose $10 trillion in growth and $2.4 trillion in exports over the next two decades. Millions of jobs will disappear.
When we fail to adequately invest in our infrastructure, we all pay the price. Poor roads and airports mean travel times increase. An aging electric grid and inadequate water distribution make utilities unreliable.
Problems like these translate into higher costs for businesses to manufacture and distribute goods and provide services. These higher costs, in turn, get passed along to workers and families. America’s overdue infrastructure bill is costing the average American household $3,300 a year—a hidden tax that weighs down families.
Adding to the challenge: The COVID-19 pandemic’s negative impact on state funding for infrastructure programs threatens to derail the modest progress we’ve made in some areas—such as drinking water infrastructure—over the past four years.
Decision-makers at all levels of government understand the critical role our infrastructure plays in supporting our quality of life and economy. But now we need more than understanding. We need action.
The U.S. has an opportunity to build infrastructure in a way that supports our economic recovery, saves money, helps our businesses compete globally, and makes the whole system more resilient.
Both sides agree we need to improve our infrastructure, and now is the time to act. It’s a case of pay now or pay later. The funding gap we have for infrastructure needs and repairs will balloon in the coming years if we don’t act.
ASCE and Building America’s Future urge Congress and the Biden administration to work together, act boldly, and provide a sustained investment to raise the national infrastructure grade. If they do so, every American family, community, and business will have a better chance of thriving.
Jean-Louis Briaud is president of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a professor at Texas A&M University.
Ray LaHood is a co-chair of Building America’s Future. He previously was U.S. secretary of transportation from 2009 to 2013 and a seven-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Illinois’s 18th District.