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因疫情減少的那些污染,,即將前功盡棄,?

Sophie Mellor
2021-04-25

隨著各國進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇模式,,全球碳排放量將持續(xù)增加。

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國際能源署(International Energy Agency)在《2021年全球能源回顧》(Global Energy Review 2021)中表示,,今年的二氧化碳排放量預(yù)計將增加約5%,這將是自2008年全球金融危機(jī)之后的高碳強(qiáng)度經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇以來,,史上第二大增幅,。

各國正在加快推動疫苗接種,同時通過了應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的廣泛財政刺激措施,,在這些努力的推動下,,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)有望實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁增長,這將帶動能源需求激增,。結(jié)果會導(dǎo)致碳排放量增加,,從而抵消新冠疫情所帶來的污染減少的大部分積極效應(yīng)。

預(yù)計大部分碳排放將來自燃煤發(fā)電的強(qiáng)勢反彈,。超過80%的煤炭需求增長將來自亞洲地區(qū),。美國和歐盟的煤炭消耗量也會有所增加,,但可能依舊低于疫情之前的水平。燃煤產(chǎn)生的碳排放量預(yù)計將超過2019年的水平,,可能達(dá)到2014年的史上最高水平,。

令人感到樂觀的是,可再生能源也能夠滿足部分新增能源需求,。預(yù)計2021年,,風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電在全球總發(fā)電量中的占比,將從2019年的不足27%提高到30%,。全球新增可再生能源發(fā)電預(yù)計近一半來自中國,,其次是美國、歐盟和印度,。

本周,,由美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登主持的“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會”(Leaders Summit on Climate)討論了氣候行動。四十位國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同時討論了各國對《巴黎協(xié)定》(Paris Agreement)的承諾,。

在會議之前,,已經(jīng)有部分歐洲國家決定將原計劃的減排目標(biāo)提前完成。英國在4月21日提出,,到2035年將減少78%的碳排放,。英國之前提出的目標(biāo)是到2050年減少80%的碳排放。與此同時,,預(yù)計美國,、中國、日本和韓國也會加大減排力度,。

4月17日,,在美國氣候特使約翰·克里訪問上海之后,中美兩國發(fā)表了聯(lián)合聲明,,承諾兩國“致力于相互合作并與其他國家一道解決氣候危機(jī),,按其嚴(yán)峻性、緊迫性所要求加以應(yīng)對,?!?

印度、印尼和墨西哥等新興市場雖然也一直在考慮制定凈零排放目標(biāo),,但它們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難停用煤炭,。與此同時,,俄羅斯,、沙特阿拉伯、澳大利亞和巴西等國在承諾凈零排放之前,首先需要克服國內(nèi)的能源生產(chǎn)與政治問題,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

國際能源署(International Energy Agency)在《2021年全球能源回顧》(Global Energy Review 2021)中表示,,今年的二氧化碳排放量預(yù)計將增加約5%,這將是自2008年全球金融危機(jī)之后的高碳強(qiáng)度經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇以來,,史上第二大增幅,。

各國正在加快推動疫苗接種,同時通過了應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的廣泛財政刺激措施,,在這些努力的推動下,,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)有望實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁增長,這將帶動能源需求激增,。結(jié)果會導(dǎo)致碳排放量增加,,從而抵消新冠疫情所帶來的污染減少的大部分積極效應(yīng)。

預(yù)計大部分碳排放將來自燃煤發(fā)電的強(qiáng)勢反彈,。超過80%的煤炭需求增長將來自亞洲地區(qū),。美國和歐盟的煤炭消耗量也會有所增加,但可能依舊低于疫情之前的水平,。燃煤產(chǎn)生的碳排放量預(yù)計將超過2019年的水平,,可能達(dá)到2014年的史上最高水平。

令人感到樂觀的是,,可再生能源也能夠滿足部分新增能源需求,。預(yù)計2021年,風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電在全球總發(fā)電量中的占比,,將從2019年的不足27%提高到30%,。全球新增可再生能源發(fā)電預(yù)計近一半來自中國,其次是美國,、歐盟和印度,。

本周,,由美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登主持的“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會”(Leaders Summit on Climate)討論了氣候行動,。四十位國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同時討論了各國對《巴黎協(xié)定》(Paris Agreement)的承諾。

在會議之前,,已經(jīng)有部分歐洲國家決定將原計劃的減排目標(biāo)提前完成,。英國在4月21日提出,到2035年將減少78%的碳排放,。英國之前提出的目標(biāo)是到2050年減少80%的碳排放,。與此同時,預(yù)計美國,、中國,、日本和韓國也會加大減排力度。

4月17日,,在美國氣候特使約翰·克里訪問上海之后,,中美兩國發(fā)表了聯(lián)合聲明,,承諾兩國“致力于相互合作并與其他國家一道解決氣候危機(jī),按其嚴(yán)峻性,、緊迫性所要求加以應(yīng)對,?!?

印度,、印尼和墨西哥等新興市場雖然也一直在考慮制定凈零排放目標(biāo),但它們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難停用煤炭,。與此同時,,俄羅斯、沙特阿拉伯,、澳大利亞和巴西等國在承諾凈零排放之前,,首先需要克服國內(nèi)的能源生產(chǎn)與政治問題。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to increase by almost 5% this year—marking the second-largest jump since the carbon-intensive recovery after the global financial crisis of 2008, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said in its Global Energy Review 2021.

Demand for energy is expected to surge as a strong economic outlook is boosted by the accelerating rollout of vaccinations and widespread fiscal response to the economic crisis. As a result, emissions will increase—reversing much of the positive pollution-abating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Most of the expected emissions are driven by a strong rebound in coal-powered electricity. More than 80% of the growth in coal demand is set to come from Asia, predominantly led by China. Coal use in the U.S. and the EU is also expected to increase but will likely remain below pre-crisis levels. All combined, coal emissions are expected to surpass the level in 2019, possibly reaching the all-time peak of 2014.

More optimistically, renewable energy will also be able to meet some of the increased demand. Electricity from wind and solar power is expected to provide 30% of electricity generation worldwide in 2021, up from less than 27% in 2019. China is expected to account for almost half of the global increase in renewable electricity generation, followed by the U.S., the EU, and India.

Climate action was discussed this week at the Leaders Summit on Climate, hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden. Forty world leaders discussed their country's commitment to the Paris Agreement.

Ahead of the meeting, some European countries have decided to lower emissions faster than previously planned. The U.K. accelerated plans to cut carbon emissions 78% by 2035 on April 21. It had previously targeted reducing emissions 80% come 2050. Meanwhile the U.S., China, Japan, and South Korea are also expected to increase their carbon-cutting ambitions.

The U.S. and China issued a joint statement on April 17 after climate envoy John Kerry’s visit to Shanghai in which they “are committed to cooperating with each other and with other countries to tackle the climate crisis, which must be addressed with the seriousness and urgency that it demands.”

In more-emerging markets, countries such as India, Indonesia, and Mexico have been mulling a net-zero target but are finding it difficult to exit coal. Meanwhile in other countries such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, Australia, and Brazil, domestic energy production and politics will have to be overcome prior to committing to net zero.

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