大眾汽車(Volkswagen)工廠帝國(guó)的心臟——德國(guó)沃爾夫斯堡工廠陷入了從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車到電動(dòng)汽車的轉(zhuǎn)型危機(jī)。12月9日,,內(nèi)部矛盾激烈的大眾汽車集團(tuán)董事會(huì)最終達(dá)成一致,,重新支持位于風(fēng)口浪尖的首席執(zhí)行官,決心合力面對(duì)沃爾夫斯堡工廠的危機(jī),。
本次董事會(huì)會(huì)議是對(duì)首席執(zhí)行官赫伯特·迪斯的一次考驗(yàn),,可以驗(yàn)證其是否能夠順利渡過(guò)集團(tuán)工會(huì)的又一輪強(qiáng)烈抗議。此前,,迪斯曾經(jīng)表示為有效對(duì)抗特斯拉(Tesla)新建立的德國(guó)工廠,,會(huì)考慮在沃爾夫斯堡大眾工廠實(shí)施裁員,而此舉在大眾工會(huì)中引發(fā)了眾怒,。在這場(chǎng)風(fēng)波的核心,,集團(tuán)股東、工會(huì)與當(dāng)?shù)卣龂@大眾每五年的投資計(jì)劃爭(zhēng)斗不休,,決定著大眾工廠與員工的存亡,。
大眾工會(huì)新上任的勞工領(lǐng)袖要求集團(tuán)在大約兩年后,將未在美國(guó)發(fā)售的ID.3電動(dòng)掀背車引進(jìn)沃爾夫斯堡,。各方就這一提案達(dá)成一致,,暫擱分歧。
此前,,這一汽車巨頭尚不確定電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量是否足以維持企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng),,因而未曾提出2026年前生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的計(jì)劃。另外,,集團(tuán)還要預(yù)留十年內(nèi)工廠翻新的預(yù)算,。
當(dāng)天下午的會(huì)議結(jié)束后,迪斯接受采訪稱:“沃爾夫斯堡工廠是我們面積最大,、歷史最悠久的工廠,,但幾乎從未翻新過(guò)。轉(zhuǎn)型后的沃爾夫斯堡工廠將煥然一新,,其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力也將大幅提升,。”
即使全球范圍內(nèi)的汽車與零部件組裝廠約達(dá)120家,,大眾的每一個(gè)重點(diǎn)決策也都離不開沃爾夫斯堡工廠,。
沃爾夫斯堡工廠坐落于德國(guó)下薩克森州的田野之中,,是當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展源頭,周邊的城市依其而建,,因其而得名,。而如今,這一工廠卻面臨著前所未有的壓力,。
從沃爾夫斯堡工廠向東行駛兩小時(shí),,便可以到達(dá)柏林附近在建的特斯拉第一家歐洲組裝廠。此時(shí)該工廠的施工已經(jīng)進(jìn)入收尾階段,,于大眾而言,,這是一個(gè)極其糟糕的信號(hào)。
自2015年加入大眾以來(lái),,迪斯與在董事會(huì)位居其上的德國(guó)工會(huì)經(jīng)歷了多次沖突,。然而盡管工會(huì)想方設(shè)法讓他下臺(tái),他卻能夠一再得勝,,并于近期贏得了續(xù)約合同,。
這位大眾的首席執(zhí)行官希望公司可以在2025年前取代特斯拉在電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)中的領(lǐng)先地位。為達(dá)成這一目標(biāo),,大眾董事會(huì)承諾在2026年年底前為電動(dòng)汽車與數(shù)字服務(wù)投資890億歐元(1000億美元),。屆時(shí),市場(chǎng)上四分之一的大眾汽車將不再使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),,而是改用電池作為動(dòng)力,。
在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上,迪斯表示自己經(jīng)常提到由埃隆·馬斯克創(chuàng)立的特斯拉,,認(rèn)為在生存方面,,大眾應(yīng)該向這樣的杰出典范學(xué)習(xí)。他也承認(rèn)這種做法可能在無(wú)意中加劇了公司內(nèi)部不和,,但并未表現(xiàn)出任何歉意,。
迪斯說(shuō):“沒錯(cuò),我之所以經(jīng)常向大家提這家美國(guó)競(jìng)品公司,,是因?yàn)槲覀兊男袠I(yè)總是低估了它的潛力,。我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該害怕競(jìng)爭(zhēng),,而應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待競(jìng)爭(zhēng),,這樣才可能戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手?!?/p>
根據(jù)協(xié)議內(nèi)容,,迪斯還有權(quán)調(diào)離一位對(duì)其職位具有潛在威脅的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。拉爾夫·布蘭德斯塔特原是當(dāng)?shù)剀囬g員工,,現(xiàn)已一路晉升為大眾的品牌運(yùn)營(yíng)官,,是工會(huì)的擁護(hù)對(duì)象,。而明年8月,他將受命調(diào)往中國(guó)區(qū),。
在12月9日之前,,各方媒體還在報(bào)道稱布蘭德斯塔特正力圖攫取首席執(zhí)行官的位置。然而,,即使依然和迪斯一同位列于集團(tuán)管理層,,他也將在不久后承擔(dān)一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù),即負(fù)責(zé)在一個(gè)重點(diǎn)市場(chǎng)(銷量占集團(tuán)的五分之二)中恢復(fù)大眾的主導(dǎo)地位,,且無(wú)法尋求德國(guó)工會(huì)的支持,。
芯片供應(yīng)捉襟見肘
由于沃爾夫斯堡工會(huì)的拖延,大眾在去年9月才開始著手研發(fā)電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)品,。而如今半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)不足,,大眾首當(dāng)其沖,再次陷入危機(jī),。
2019年年末,,德國(guó)東部的一家競(jìng)品工廠開始批量生產(chǎn)ID.3;而沃爾夫斯堡大眾工廠的產(chǎn)量卻因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔槎E然下跌,。
此外,,大眾還將今年的半導(dǎo)體優(yōu)先分配至奧迪(Audi)與保時(shí)捷(Porsche)等高利潤(rùn)品牌,這一決定激怒了該集團(tuán)的勞工領(lǐng)袖,。由于電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)大眾集團(tuán)未來(lái)的發(fā)展具有戰(zhàn)略性意義,,沃爾夫斯堡的大眾高爾夫(Golf)等基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車的產(chǎn)量持續(xù)下降,為ID.3等電動(dòng)汽車的生產(chǎn)讓道,。
在12月9日的會(huì)議中,,迪斯身旁的工會(huì)主席丹妮拉·卡瓦洛向記者透露稱:“接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月會(huì)很艱難。由于工時(shí)縮短,、輪班取消,,生產(chǎn)天數(shù)也不完整,我們?nèi)缃裨诟鞣矫娑际址α??!?/p>
“今年,沃爾夫斯堡工廠很有可能連40萬(wàn)的汽車產(chǎn)量都無(wú)法達(dá)成,。自20世紀(jì)50年代末以來(lái),,我們還是第一次見到如此低迷的生產(chǎn)水平?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:陳書陶
大眾汽車(Volkswagen)工廠帝國(guó)的心臟——德國(guó)沃爾夫斯堡工廠陷入了從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車到電動(dòng)汽車的轉(zhuǎn)型危機(jī),。12月9日,內(nèi)部矛盾激烈的大眾汽車集團(tuán)董事會(huì)最終達(dá)成一致,重新支持位于風(fēng)口浪尖的首席執(zhí)行官,,決心合力面對(duì)沃爾夫斯堡工廠的危機(jī),。
本次董事會(huì)會(huì)議是對(duì)首席執(zhí)行官赫伯特·迪斯的一次考驗(yàn),可以驗(yàn)證其是否能夠順利渡過(guò)集團(tuán)工會(huì)的又一輪強(qiáng)烈抗議,。此前,,迪斯曾經(jīng)表示為有效對(duì)抗特斯拉(Tesla)新建立的德國(guó)工廠,會(huì)考慮在沃爾夫斯堡大眾工廠實(shí)施裁員,,而此舉在大眾工會(huì)中引發(fā)了眾怒,。在這場(chǎng)風(fēng)波的核心,集團(tuán)股東,、工會(huì)與當(dāng)?shù)卣龂@大眾每五年的投資計(jì)劃爭(zhēng)斗不休,,決定著大眾工廠與員工的存亡。
大眾工會(huì)新上任的勞工領(lǐng)袖要求集團(tuán)在大約兩年后,,將未在美國(guó)發(fā)售的ID.3電動(dòng)掀背車引進(jìn)沃爾夫斯堡,。各方就這一提案達(dá)成一致,暫擱分歧,。
此前,,這一汽車巨頭尚不確定電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量是否足以維持企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng),因而未曾提出2026年前生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的計(jì)劃,。另外,,集團(tuán)還要預(yù)留十年內(nèi)工廠翻新的預(yù)算。
當(dāng)天下午的會(huì)議結(jié)束后,,迪斯接受采訪稱:“沃爾夫斯堡工廠是我們面積最大,、歷史最悠久的工廠,但幾乎從未翻新過(guò),。轉(zhuǎn)型后的沃爾夫斯堡工廠將煥然一新,,其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力也將大幅提升?!?/p>
即使全球范圍內(nèi)的汽車與零部件組裝廠約達(dá)120家,,大眾的每一個(gè)重點(diǎn)決策也都離不開沃爾夫斯堡工廠。
沃爾夫斯堡工廠坐落于德國(guó)下薩克森州的田野之中,,是當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展源頭,,周邊的城市依其而建,因其而得名,。而如今,,這一工廠卻面臨著前所未有的壓力。
從沃爾夫斯堡工廠向東行駛兩小時(shí),,便可以到達(dá)柏林附近在建的特斯拉第一家歐洲組裝廠,。此時(shí)該工廠的施工已經(jīng)進(jìn)入收尾階段,,于大眾而言,,這是一個(gè)極其糟糕的信號(hào),。
自2015年加入大眾以來(lái),迪斯與在董事會(huì)位居其上的德國(guó)工會(huì)經(jīng)歷了多次沖突,。然而盡管工會(huì)想方設(shè)法讓他下臺(tái),,他卻能夠一再得勝,并于近期贏得了續(xù)約合同,。
這位大眾的首席執(zhí)行官希望公司可以在2025年前取代特斯拉在電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)中的領(lǐng)先地位,。為達(dá)成這一目標(biāo),大眾董事會(huì)承諾在2026年年底前為電動(dòng)汽車與數(shù)字服務(wù)投資890億歐元(1000億美元),。屆時(shí),,市場(chǎng)上四分之一的大眾汽車將不再使用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),而是改用電池作為動(dòng)力,。
在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上,,迪斯表示自己經(jīng)常提到由埃隆·馬斯克創(chuàng)立的特斯拉,認(rèn)為在生存方面,,大眾應(yīng)該向這樣的杰出典范學(xué)習(xí),。他也承認(rèn)這種做法可能在無(wú)意中加劇了公司內(nèi)部不和,但并未表現(xiàn)出任何歉意,。
迪斯說(shuō):“沒錯(cuò),,我之所以經(jīng)常向大家提這家美國(guó)競(jìng)品公司,是因?yàn)槲覀兊男袠I(yè)總是低估了它的潛力,。我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該害怕競(jìng)爭(zhēng),,而應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待競(jìng)爭(zhēng),這樣才可能戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手,?!?/p>
根據(jù)協(xié)議內(nèi)容,迪斯還有權(quán)調(diào)離一位對(duì)其職位具有潛在威脅的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。拉爾夫·布蘭德斯塔特原是當(dāng)?shù)剀囬g員工,,現(xiàn)已一路晉升為大眾的品牌運(yùn)營(yíng)官,是工會(huì)的擁護(hù)對(duì)象,。而明年8月,,他將受命調(diào)往中國(guó)區(qū)。
在12月9日之前,,各方媒體還在報(bào)道稱布蘭德斯塔特正力圖攫取首席執(zhí)行官的位置,。然而,即使依然和迪斯一同位列于集團(tuán)管理層,,他也將在不久后承擔(dān)一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù),,即負(fù)責(zé)在一個(gè)重點(diǎn)市場(chǎng)(銷量占集團(tuán)的五分之二)中恢復(fù)大眾的主導(dǎo)地位,,且無(wú)法尋求德國(guó)工會(huì)的支持。
芯片供應(yīng)捉襟見肘
由于沃爾夫斯堡工會(huì)的拖延,,大眾在去年9月才開始著手研發(fā)電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)品,。而如今半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)不足,大眾首當(dāng)其沖,,再次陷入危機(jī),。
2019年年末,德國(guó)東部的一家競(jìng)品工廠開始批量生產(chǎn)ID.3,;而沃爾夫斯堡大眾工廠的產(chǎn)量卻因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔槎E然下跌,。
此外,大眾還將今年的半導(dǎo)體優(yōu)先分配至奧迪(Audi)與保時(shí)捷(Porsche)等高利潤(rùn)品牌,,這一決定激怒了該集團(tuán)的勞工領(lǐng)袖,。由于電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)大眾集團(tuán)未來(lái)的發(fā)展具有戰(zhàn)略性意義,沃爾夫斯堡的大眾高爾夫(Golf)等基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車的產(chǎn)量持續(xù)下降,,為ID.3等電動(dòng)汽車的生產(chǎn)讓道,。
在12月9日的會(huì)議中,迪斯身旁的工會(huì)主席丹妮拉·卡瓦洛向記者透露稱:“接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月會(huì)很艱難,。由于工時(shí)縮短,、輪班取消,生產(chǎn)天數(shù)也不完整,,我們?nèi)缃裨诟鞣矫娑际址α?。?/p>
“今年,,沃爾夫斯堡工廠很有可能連40萬(wàn)的汽車產(chǎn)量都無(wú)法達(dá)成,。自20世紀(jì)50年代末以來(lái),我們還是第一次見到如此低迷的生產(chǎn)水平,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:陳書陶
Volkswagen’s fractious board came together at the last moment to back its controversial chief executive on December 9, in exchange for an ironclad commitment to its crisis-stricken Wolfsburg plant in Germany—the symbolic heart of the company’s auto-plant empire—as it faces down a transformation from engines to EVs.
The board meeting was a test of whether CEO Herbert Diess could survive yet another assault from the company’s powerful unions, already enraged by threats to slash headcount in Wolfsburg to better compete against Tesla’s upcoming new German factory. At the heart of that assault was a bitter struggle raging between shareholders, trade unions, and the local government over the automaker’s rolling five-year investment plan, which can spell life or death for Volkswagen factories and their workforces.
All sides agreed to set aside their differences after striking a compromise that would see the battery-powered ID.3 hatchback, which is not sold in the U.S., brought to Wolfsburg in little over two years, at the behest of VW’s new labor leader.
Previously, the plant had not been promised any EV models to produce before 2026, for fear volumes would not yet be high enough to sustain the enormous plant. Further investments were also pledged that should comprehensively overhaul the factory by the end of the decade.
“So far our original plant, our largest, had been largely left out of the transformation,” Diess told reporters following this afternoon’s meeting. “Wolfsburg will get a whole new identity that will ensure the site is internationally competitive.”
Despite operating nearly 120 vehicle and part assembly plants worldwide, politically, every major decision at Volkswagen ultimately revolves around the Wolfsburg plant.
Built on a field in Lower Saxony, the plant formed the genesis of the regional state’s modern economy. Yet now, the site that once gave its name to the city that grew up around it finds itself under unprecedented pressure.
Roughly two hours’ drive east, construction workers are putting the finishing touches on Tesla’s first European assembly site near Berlin, and the timing couldn’t possibly get any worse.
Diess has repeatedly clashed with the German unions that sit above him on the board of directors since he jointed the company in 2015—but has repeatedly come out on top, surviving multiple attempts to remove him and recently winning a contract extension.
The VW CEO wants to wrestle leadership of the electric vehicle market away from Tesla by 2025. To do so, the board has signed off on €89 billion ($100 billion) in investments in electric vehicles and digital services through the end of 2026, by which time every fourth vehicle VW sells should be powered by a battery rather than an engine.
During the press briefing, Diess admitted he may have inadvertently contributed to internal tensions within VW by constantly citing Elon Musk’s carmaker as the shining example Volkswagen needed to follow to ensure its survival, but was unapologetic.
“Yes, I cited our American competitor often because the industry tends to underestimate them,” he said. “I don’t believe we need to fear the competition, but we do need to take them seriously in order to stand a chance.”
As part of the deal, Diess was also able to exile a potential rival for the CEO spot. Ralf Brandst?tter, who started out as a local shop floor employee from the area before working his way up to run the VW brand with the help of labor’s backing, will be dispatched to China in August.
Prior to December 9, media reports suggested Brandst?tter was jockeying for the top job. While he was appointed to the group’s management board, alongside Diess, his task will soon be to rebuild the group’s flagging dominance over a market that accounts for nearly four out of every 10 cars the group sells. And he won’t be able to rest on his ties to German unions.
Chip crunch bites
Not only did Wolfsburg’s unions dither too long before finally campaigning for an EV model in September of last year, the plant finds itself in the midst of another crisis, as the semiconductor shortage hurt it more than others.
Just as series production of the ID.3 began in late 2019 at a rival factory in eastern Germany, volumes in Wolfsburg began to plunge anyway owing to the pandemic.
Meanwhile, patience among labor leaders snapped after the group’s higher margin brands like Audi and Porsche were prioritized allocation of semiconductors this year. EV models like the ID.3 that are strategically crucial for the future of the group also continued to be built at the expense of combustion engine cars like Wolfsburg’s bread-and-butter VW Golf.
“The coming months will be hard. We are still facing a real drought with reduced hours, shifts canceled, and complete production days lost,” works council boss Daniela Cavallo told reporters on December 9 as she stood next to Diess.
“In all likelihood, our home plant won’t even manage to build 400,000 vehicles this year. Such a dramatically low level hasn’t been seen since the end of the 1950s.”