美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)官員去年夏天曾堅(jiān)信,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)挺過(guò)由疫情引發(fā)的供需震蕩,,物價(jià)上漲現(xiàn)象將有望出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn),。然而,有鑒于美國(guó)通脹數(shù)據(jù)最新創(chuàng)下39年新高,,這一“曇花一現(xiàn)”的觀點(diǎn)在本月基本上被人們拋之腦后,。在該報(bào)告發(fā)布不久后,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅米·鮑威爾表示,,頑固的高通脹率意味著,,背負(fù)著維持最大就業(yè)率和穩(wěn)定物價(jià)這一雙重國(guó)會(huì)任務(wù)的美國(guó)央行,更有可能“祭出加速縮債”的手段。
該聲明引發(fā)了房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的關(guān)注,。如果美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)決定加息,,并減少對(duì)抵押擔(dān)保證券的購(gòu)買,那么此舉會(huì)導(dǎo)致房貸利率的上升,。在疫情爆發(fā)的最初幾周,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的舉措使得抵押貸款利率降至歷史最低水平,此舉催生了現(xiàn)代史上最強(qiáng)勢(shì)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng),。然而,,不斷增長(zhǎng)的房貸利率從理論上來(lái)講會(huì)在2022年阻礙房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展:它會(huì)為房?jī)r(jià)增速帶來(lái)下行壓力,因?yàn)橐恍┵I家會(huì)被市場(chǎng)拒之門外,。
盡管如此,,至于2022年利率會(huì)升至多高,房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的意見,,更不用說(shuō)不斷上升的房貸利率會(huì)對(duì)如火如荼的房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)多大的降溫作用,。房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的一些巨頭預(yù)測(cè),不斷上升的利率多少會(huì)導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)震蕩現(xiàn)象,,而其他人認(rèn)為,,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)已足夠強(qiáng)勁,即便貸款利率大漲也能消化,。
認(rèn)為利率上升會(huì)給市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)些許震蕩的陣營(yíng)包括美國(guó)抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)(Mortgage Bankers Association),。總部位于華盛頓特區(qū)的該行業(yè)組織預(yù)測(cè),,30年期平均固定房貸利率(當(dāng)前為3.1%)將在2022年底增至4%。該組織稱,,上述利率增幅有助于將現(xiàn)有房產(chǎn)明年的價(jià)格中值壓低2.5%,。這意味著去年房?jī)r(jià)19.5%的躍升會(huì)出現(xiàn)重大反轉(zhuǎn)。
然而,,并非所有機(jī)構(gòu)都贊同抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的預(yù)測(cè),,也不認(rèn)同房貸利率的增長(zhǎng)對(duì)于房?jī)r(jià)的影響。房利美(Fannie Mae)便是其中之一,,它預(yù)測(cè)2022年底30年期平均房貸利率為3.3%,。
抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)與房利美預(yù)測(cè)之間的差別可能要比乍看起來(lái)的更大。舉個(gè)例子:如果一位借貸人以3.3%的利率借貸50萬(wàn)美元的30年期固定利率按揭貸款,,那么其月供為2190美元,。如果按照4%的利率計(jì)算,其月供將增至2387美元,,也就是30年內(nèi)多還70900美元,。后者的還款額度將讓更多的買家望而卻步,同時(shí)還會(huì)讓一些借款方失去抵押貸款資質(zhì),因?yàn)橘J款發(fā)放依據(jù)的是嚴(yán)格的負(fù)債收入比,。這也解釋了為什么抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的房貸利率預(yù)測(cè)與其明年房?jī)r(jià)將下滑2.5%的預(yù)測(cè)出奇的一致,。正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因,房利美在預(yù)測(cè)利率會(huì)溫和上漲的同時(shí)還預(yù)測(cè)房?jī)r(jià)將在2022年繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)7.9%,,幾乎是1980年以來(lái)房?jī)r(jià)平均漲幅(4.6%)的兩倍,。
即便房貸利率不會(huì)大幅增長(zhǎng),我們也不能理所當(dāng)然地得出房?jī)r(jià)就會(huì)下滑的結(jié)論,。Home.LLC首席執(zhí)行官尼克·沙阿向《財(cái)富》雜志透露,,他的公司同樣預(yù)測(cè)房貸利率在2022年底將增至4%。Home.LLC是一家向購(gòu)房者提供首付協(xié)助,,并以此獲得房屋未來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn)分成權(quán)的初創(chuàng)企業(yè),。然而,與抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)不同的是,,他指出,,“[2022年]房?jī)r(jià)將繼續(xù)上漲,只是增速會(huì)有所放緩,?!?/p>
既然房貸利率從理論上來(lái)講將出現(xiàn)大幅躍升,房?jī)r(jià)為何能夠繼續(xù)保持強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)呢,?沙阿提到了房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)供需之間一直存在的失衡問(wèn)題,。我們當(dāng)前正處于五年窗口期的中期階段(2019年-2023年),于千禧一代出生人口最多的五年期間(1989年-1993年)降生的人群將在此時(shí)迎來(lái)其30歲生日,,也就是最重要的首次購(gòu)房年齡,。與此同時(shí),這些潛在的買家面臨的是可售流通房屋處于40多年來(lái)最低水平的境況,??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),房地美(Freddie Mac)估計(jì),,美國(guó)當(dāng)前可售房屋的數(shù)量與買家需求之間存在400萬(wàn)套的差距,。受這一局勢(shì)的影響,盡管房貸利率會(huì)有所增長(zhǎng),,但房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)依然是賣家的天下,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)官員去年夏天曾堅(jiān)信,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)挺過(guò)由疫情引發(fā)的供需震蕩,,物價(jià)上漲現(xiàn)象將有望出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn),。然而,有鑒于美國(guó)通脹數(shù)據(jù)最新創(chuàng)下39年新高,,這一“曇花一現(xiàn)”的觀點(diǎn)在本月基本上被人們拋之腦后,。在該報(bào)告發(fā)布不久后,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅米·鮑威爾表示,頑固的高通脹率意味著,,背負(fù)著維持最大就業(yè)率和穩(wěn)定物價(jià)這一雙重國(guó)會(huì)任務(wù)的美國(guó)央行,,更有可能“祭出加速縮債”的手段。
該聲明引發(fā)了房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的關(guān)注,。如果美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)決定加息,,并減少對(duì)抵押擔(dān)保證券的購(gòu)買,那么此舉會(huì)導(dǎo)致房貸利率的上升,。在疫情爆發(fā)的最初幾周,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的舉措使得抵押貸款利率降至歷史最低水平,此舉催生了現(xiàn)代史上最強(qiáng)勢(shì)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng),。然而,,不斷增長(zhǎng)的房貸利率從理論上來(lái)講會(huì)在2022年阻礙房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展:它會(huì)為房?jī)r(jià)增速帶來(lái)下行壓力,因?yàn)橐恍┵I家會(huì)被市場(chǎng)拒之門外,。
盡管如此,,至于2022年利率會(huì)升至多高,房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的意見,,更不用說(shuō)不斷上升的房貸利率會(huì)對(duì)如火如荼的房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)多大的降溫作用,。房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的一些巨頭預(yù)測(cè),不斷上升的利率多少會(huì)導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)震蕩現(xiàn)象,,而其他人認(rèn)為,,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)已足夠強(qiáng)勁,即便貸款利率大漲也能消化,。
認(rèn)為利率上升會(huì)給市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)些許震蕩的陣營(yíng)包括美國(guó)抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)(Mortgage Bankers Association),。總部位于華盛頓特區(qū)的該行業(yè)組織預(yù)測(cè),,30年期平均固定房貸利率(當(dāng)前為3.1%)將在2022年底增至4%,。該組織稱,上述利率增幅有助于將現(xiàn)有房產(chǎn)明年的價(jià)格中值壓低2.5%,。這意味著去年房?jī)r(jià)19.5%的躍升會(huì)出現(xiàn)重大反轉(zhuǎn)。
然而,,并非所有機(jī)構(gòu)都贊同抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的預(yù)測(cè),,也不認(rèn)同房貸利率的增長(zhǎng)對(duì)于房?jī)r(jià)的影響。房利美(Fannie Mae)便是其中之一,,它預(yù)測(cè)2022年底30年期平均房貸利率為3.3%,。
抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)與房利美預(yù)測(cè)之間的差別可能要比乍看起來(lái)的更大。舉個(gè)例子:如果一位借貸人以3.3%的利率借貸50萬(wàn)美元的30年期固定利率按揭貸款,,那么其月供為2190美元,。如果按照4%的利率計(jì)算,,其月供將增至2387美元,也就是30年內(nèi)多還70900美元,。后者的還款額度將讓更多的買家望而卻步,,同時(shí)還會(huì)讓一些借款方失去抵押貸款資質(zhì),因?yàn)橘J款發(fā)放依據(jù)的是嚴(yán)格的負(fù)債收入比,。這也解釋了為什么抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的房貸利率預(yù)測(cè)與其明年房?jī)r(jià)將下滑2.5%的預(yù)測(cè)出奇的一致,。正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因,房利美在預(yù)測(cè)利率會(huì)溫和上漲的同時(shí)還預(yù)測(cè)房?jī)r(jià)將在2022年繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)7.9%,,幾乎是1980年以來(lái)房?jī)r(jià)平均漲幅(4.6%)的兩倍,。
即便房貸利率不會(huì)大幅增長(zhǎng),我們也不能理所當(dāng)然地得出房?jī)r(jià)就會(huì)下滑的結(jié)論,。Home.LLC首席執(zhí)行官尼克·沙阿向《財(cái)富》雜志透露,,他的公司同樣預(yù)測(cè)房貸利率在2022年底將增至4%。Home.LLC是一家向購(gòu)房者提供首付協(xié)助,,并以此獲得房屋未來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)售利潤(rùn)分成權(quán)的初創(chuàng)企業(yè),。然而,與抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)不同的是,,他指出,,“[2022年]房?jī)r(jià)將繼續(xù)上漲,只是增速會(huì)有所放緩,?!?/p>
既然房貸利率從理論上來(lái)講將出現(xiàn)大幅躍升,房?jī)r(jià)為何能夠繼續(xù)保持強(qiáng)勁的增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)呢,?沙阿提到了房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)供需之間一直存在的失衡問(wèn)題,。我們當(dāng)前正處于五年窗口期的中期階段(2019年-2023年),于千禧一代出生人口最多的五年期間(1989年-1993年)降生的人群將在此時(shí)迎來(lái)其30歲生日,,也就是最重要的首次購(gòu)房年齡,。與此同時(shí),這些潛在的買家面臨的是可售流通房屋處于40多年來(lái)最低水平的境況,??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),房地美(Freddie Mac)估計(jì),,美國(guó)當(dāng)前可售房屋的數(shù)量與買家需求之間存在400萬(wàn)套的差距,。受這一局勢(shì)的影響,盡管房貸利率會(huì)有所增長(zhǎng),,但房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)依然是賣家的天下,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
Federal Reserve officials were confident through the summer that spiking prices would reverse as the economy worked through supply and demand shocks caused by the pandemic. But that "transitory" narrative has been all but abandoned this month as the latest reading of U.S. inflation hit a 39-year high. Soon after that report came out, Fed Chair Jerome Powell acknowledged that stubbornly high inflation means that the central bank—which has a dual mandate from Congress to maintain maximum employment and stable prices—is more likely to "look at speeding up the taper."
That statement got the attention of the real estate industry. If the Fed goes through with upping interest rates and reducing its purchases of mortgage-backed securities, it could result in higher mortgage rates. During the early weeks of the pandemic, Fed action pushed mortgage rates down to the lowest levels on record—which has helped to spur one of the most competitive housing markets in modern history. But rising mortgage rates would in theory do the opposite in 2022: They would put downward pressure on home price growth as some buyers get locked out of the market.
That said, there's no consensus in the housing industry on how high rates will rise in 2022—let alone how much rising mortgage rates would do to cool off a housing market that is still red-hot. Some big players in the real estate market are predicting rising rates will cause something of a market shock, while others think the housing market is strong enough to absorb even a big uptick in mortgage rates.
The camp that thinks rising rates will shock the market a bit includes the Mortgage Bankers Association. The industry trade group, based in Washington, D.C., is forecasting that the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate (which is currently at 3.1%) will rise to 4% by the end of 2022. That rate jump, the group says, will help to push the median price of existing homes down 2.5% next year. That would represent a major reversal from the 19.5% jump in home prices we've seen over the past year.
But not everyone agrees with the MBA's forecast—nor about the impact higher mortgage rates would have on home prices. Look no further than Fannie Mae, which is predicting the average 30-year mortgage rate will come in at 3.3% by the end of 2022.
The differences between the forecasts of the MBA and Fannie Mae are bigger than they might first appear. To illustrate: A borrower who takes out a $500,000 30-year fixed mortgage at a 3.3% rate would owe a $2,190 monthly payment. At a 4% rate, that payment jumps to $2,387—or an additional $70,900 over three decades. Not only would the latter burden price out more buyers, it would also lock some borrowers out of mortgage eligibility—given that loans are issued based on strict debt-to-income ratios. That explains why the MBA's mortgage rate forecast coincides with its forecast that home prices will drop 2.5% next year. Accordingly, Fannie Mae's forecast of a more mild jump in rates is accompanied with the firm's forecast that home prices will jump another 7.9% in 2022—or almost double the average home price uptick (4.6%) the market has seen since 1980.
If a big jump in mortgage rates does come to fruition, it doesn't mean we should automatically accept that we're headed for lower prices. Nik Shah, CEO of Home.LLC, a startup that provides down payment assistance to homebuyers in return for a share of any profits from the home's future resale, tells Fortune his firm is also forecasting mortgage rates will climb to 4% by the end of 2022. However, unlike the Mortgage Bankers Association, he says that "home prices will continue to increase [in 2022], just at a decelerated rate."
How is it possible that home prices could still continue posting solid growth despite a theoretical big jump in mortgage rates? Shah points to the ongoing mismatch between supply and demand in the housing market. We're currently in the middle of the five-year window (2019 through 2023) when the millennials born during that generation's five largest birth years (between 1989 and 1993) will hit the all-important first-time homebuying age of 30. At the same time, those potential buyers are plunging into a market in which active homes for sale are at the lowest level in more than four decades. In total, Freddie Mac estimates the nation is 4 million homes short of current buyer demand. That dynamic—even in the face of higher mortgage rates—could keep this a seller’s market for years to come.