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一位傳奇投資人稱,,美國(guó)股市可能會(huì)橫盤十年

Will Daniel
2022-09-21

在斯坦利·德魯肯米勒看來,,包括股票在內(nèi)的金融資產(chǎn)在未來十年可能表現(xiàn)不佳,但也有一些好消息,。

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杜肯家族辦公室(Duquesne Family Office)的首席執(zhí)行官斯坦利·德魯肯米勒,,攝于2019年12月。圖片來源:VICTOR J. BLUE—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

在9月13日公布的高于預(yù)期的通脹數(shù)據(jù)嚇壞了投資者之后,,道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)(Dow Jones Industrial Average)下跌超過1,200點(diǎn),,這是自2020年6月以來美國(guó)股市表現(xiàn)最糟糕的一天。

就在同一天,,華爾街備受尊崇的大佬斯坦利·德魯肯米勒稱,,這種痛苦不會(huì)是暫時(shí)的——隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷結(jié)構(gòu)性轉(zhuǎn)變,,股市將面臨整整十年的橫盤整理,。

他在接受軟件和人工智能公司Palantir的首席執(zhí)行官亞歷克斯·卡普采訪時(shí)說:“在我看來,股市充其量在未來十年里持平,,就像1966年到1982年這段時(shí)期一樣,。”

德魯肯米勒補(bǔ)充道,,由于通貨膨脹加劇,、各國(guó)央行加息、去全球化盛行,、俄烏沖突持續(xù),,他認(rèn)為如今,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退的可能性達(dá)到幾十年來的最高水平,。

鑒于德魯肯米勒的業(yè)績(jī),,投資者聽從他的警告將是明智的選擇。

根據(jù)雅虎財(cái)經(jīng)(Yahoo Finance)的數(shù)據(jù),,這位傳奇投資者于1981年創(chuàng)立了對(duì)沖基金杜肯資本(Duquesne Capital),,在接下來的幾十年時(shí)間里,他的表現(xiàn)通常超過華爾街的大多數(shù)同行,,1986年至2010年的年均回報(bào)率為30%,。

但德魯肯米勒真正成名是在1992年,他帶領(lǐng)喬治·索羅斯做空英鎊,,幫助這位億萬富翁在一個(gè)月內(nèi)賺了15億美元,。

德魯肯米勒最終在2010年關(guān)閉了他的對(duì)沖基金,,并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧易遛k公室——由富裕家庭建立的私人公司,用于管理他們的資金——許多對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理在非正式退休時(shí)通常都會(huì)這樣做,。但他的觀點(diǎn)仍然在華爾街廣受追捧,。

改過自新的煙民

德魯肯米勒關(guān)于股市為何將面臨十年“持平”的論點(diǎn)是基于這樣一種看法,即全球央行的政策正在從寬松立場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向保守立場(chǎng),。

這種政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變是過去幾十年全球化在俄烏沖突和中美緊張局勢(shì)中逐漸消退的結(jié)果,。德魯肯米勒指出,全球化具有通縮效應(yīng),,因?yàn)樗岣吡斯と说纳a(chǎn)力,,加速了技術(shù)進(jìn)步,但現(xiàn)在這種效應(yīng)已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,。

“當(dāng)我回顧真正始于1982年的牛市時(shí)……造就這輪牛市的所有因素都不再起作用了,,而且已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn)?!彼f,,指的是當(dāng)前的去全球化趨勢(shì),例如美中關(guān)系的裂痕,,以及自20世紀(jì)80年代以來政府支出增加和監(jiān)管力度加大,。

德魯肯米勒繼續(xù)解釋了央行是如何應(yīng)對(duì)自20世紀(jì)80年代以來——尤其是在2008年金融大危機(jī)(Great Financial Crisis)之后——由全球化引起的通貨緊縮的,當(dāng)時(shí)采取的政策是不可持續(xù)的,,現(xiàn)在必須重新制定政策,。

“全球金融危機(jī)后,應(yīng)對(duì)通縮的措施是零利率,、大量印鈔和量化寬松,。這在所有領(lǐng)域都造成了資產(chǎn)泡沫?!彼f,。

世界各地的央行官員現(xiàn)在都宣布結(jié)束近零利率和量化寬松政策,這些政策在過去幾十年里提振了金融資產(chǎn),。量化寬松政策指的是通過購買抵押貸款支持證券和政府債券,,以期刺激貸款和投資的政策。

德魯肯米勒說:“他們就像改過自新的煙民,,大量印鈔已經(jīng)成為過去?,F(xiàn)在的情況就像是他們以前以200英里的時(shí)速開保時(shí)捷,現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)為不僅不踩油門,,還猛踩剎車,。”

在他看來,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(U.S. Federal Reserve)今年已經(jīng)四次加息,,以對(duì)抗通脹,,而且美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)并不是唯一一家試圖通過收緊貨幣政策來壓低物價(jià)的央行。從英國(guó)到澳大利亞,,世界各地的央行行長(zhǎng)都在轉(zhuǎn)向更為保守的做法,,提高利率。

在德魯肯米勒看來,,盡管這意味著包括股票在內(nèi)的金融資產(chǎn)在未來十年可能表現(xiàn)不佳,,但也有一些好消息。

“好消息是,,當(dāng)時(shí)有一些公司在那種環(huán)境下仍然表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異,。”德魯肯米勒說,,他指的是1966年至1982年期間股市持平,。“蘋果電腦公司(Apple Computer)和家得寶公司(Home Depot)在那個(gè)時(shí)期成立了,?!?/p>

在談到對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀看法時(shí),德魯肯米勒也向投資者發(fā)出警告,,稱這是歷史上最難做出經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)的時(shí)期,。他有“看跌偏見”歷史,這是他不得不在整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中面對(duì)的問題,。

“我喜歡黑暗,?!彼f,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

在9月13日公布的高于預(yù)期的通脹數(shù)據(jù)嚇壞了投資者之后,道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)(Dow Jones Industrial Average)下跌超過1,200點(diǎn),,這是自2020年6月以來美國(guó)股市表現(xiàn)最糟糕的一天,。

就在同一天,華爾街備受尊崇的大佬斯坦利·德魯肯米勒稱,,這種痛苦不會(huì)是暫時(shí)的——隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷結(jié)構(gòu)性轉(zhuǎn)變,,股市將面臨整整十年的橫盤整理。

他在接受軟件和人工智能公司Palantir的首席執(zhí)行官亞歷克斯·卡普采訪時(shí)說:“在我看來,,股市充其量在未來十年里持平,,就像1966年到1982年這段時(shí)期一樣?!?/p>

德魯肯米勒補(bǔ)充道,,由于通貨膨脹加劇、各國(guó)央行加息,、去全球化盛行,、俄烏沖突持續(xù),,他認(rèn)為如今,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退的可能性達(dá)到幾十年來的最高水平,。

鑒于德魯肯米勒的業(yè)績(jī),,投資者聽從他的警告將是明智的選擇。

根據(jù)雅虎財(cái)經(jīng)(Yahoo Finance)的數(shù)據(jù),,這位傳奇投資者于1981年創(chuàng)立了對(duì)沖基金杜肯資本(Duquesne Capital),,在接下來的幾十年時(shí)間里,他的表現(xiàn)通常超過華爾街的大多數(shù)同行,,1986年至2010年的年均回報(bào)率為30%,。

但德魯肯米勒真正成名是在1992年,他帶領(lǐng)喬治·索羅斯做空英鎊,,幫助這位億萬富翁在一個(gè)月內(nèi)賺了15億美元,。

德魯肯米勒最終在2010年關(guān)閉了他的對(duì)沖基金,并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧易遛k公室——由富裕家庭建立的私人公司,,用于管理他們的資金——許多對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理在非正式退休時(shí)通常都會(huì)這樣做,。但他的觀點(diǎn)仍然在華爾街廣受追捧。

改過自新的煙民

德魯肯米勒關(guān)于股市為何將面臨十年“持平”的論點(diǎn)是基于這樣一種看法,,即全球央行的政策正在從寬松立場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向保守立場(chǎng),。

這種政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變是過去幾十年全球化在俄烏沖突和中美緊張局勢(shì)中逐漸消退的結(jié)果。德魯肯米勒指出,,全球化具有通縮效應(yīng),,因?yàn)樗岣吡斯と说纳a(chǎn)力,加速了技術(shù)進(jìn)步,,但現(xiàn)在這種效應(yīng)已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,。

“當(dāng)我回顧真正始于1982年的牛市時(shí)……造就這輪牛市的所有因素都不再起作用了,而且已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn),?!彼f,指的是當(dāng)前的去全球化趨勢(shì),,例如美中關(guān)系的裂痕,,以及自20世紀(jì)80年代以來政府支出增加和監(jiān)管力度加大。

德魯肯米勒繼續(xù)解釋了央行是如何應(yīng)對(duì)自20世紀(jì)80年代以來——尤其是在2008年金融大危機(jī)(Great Financial Crisis)之后——由全球化引起的通貨緊縮的,,當(dāng)時(shí)采取的政策是不可持續(xù)的,,現(xiàn)在必須重新制定政策。

“全球金融危機(jī)后,,應(yīng)對(duì)通縮的措施是零利率,、大量印鈔和量化寬松。這在所有領(lǐng)域都造成了資產(chǎn)泡沫,?!彼f,。

世界各地的央行官員現(xiàn)在都宣布結(jié)束近零利率和量化寬松政策,這些政策在過去幾十年里提振了金融資產(chǎn),。量化寬松政策指的是通過購買抵押貸款支持證券和政府債券,,以期刺激貸款和投資的政策。

德魯肯米勒說:“他們就像改過自新的煙民,,大量印鈔已經(jīng)成為過去?,F(xiàn)在的情況就像是他們以前以200英里的時(shí)速開保時(shí)捷,現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)為不僅不踩油門,,還猛踩剎車,。”

在他看來,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(U.S. Federal Reserve)今年已經(jīng)四次加息,,以對(duì)抗通脹,而且美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)并不是唯一一家試圖通過收緊貨幣政策來壓低物價(jià)的央行,。從英國(guó)到澳大利亞,,世界各地的央行行長(zhǎng)都在轉(zhuǎn)向更為保守的做法,提高利率,。

在德魯肯米勒看來,,盡管這意味著包括股票在內(nèi)的金融資產(chǎn)在未來十年可能表現(xiàn)不佳,但也有一些好消息,。

“好消息是,,當(dāng)時(shí)有一些公司在那種環(huán)境下仍然表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異?!钡卖斂厦桌照f,,他指的是1966年至1982年期間股市持平?!疤O果電腦公司(Apple Computer)和家得寶公司(Home Depot)在那個(gè)時(shí)期成立了,?!?/p>

在談到對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀看法時(shí),,德魯肯米勒也向投資者發(fā)出警告,稱這是歷史上最難做出經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)的時(shí)期,。他有“看跌偏見”歷史,,這是他不得不在整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中面對(duì)的問題。

“我喜歡黑暗,?!彼f。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

After a hotter-than-expected inflation reading spooked investors on September 13, the Dow Jones Industrial Average sank over 1,200 points in the stock market’s worst showing since June 2020.

That same day, Stanley Druckenmiller, one of Wall Street’s most respected minds, argued that the pain won’t be temporary—and that stocks face an entire decade of sideways trading as the global economy goes through a tectonic shift.

“There’s a high probability in my mind that the market, at best, is going to be kind of flat for 10 years, sort of like this ’66 to ’82 time period,” he said in an interview with Alex Karp, CEO of software and A.I. firm Palantir.

Druckenmiller added that with inflation raging, central banks raising rates, deglobalization taking hold, and the war in Ukraine dragging on, he believes the odds of a global recession are now the highest in decades.

And given Druckenmiller’s track record, investors would be wise to heed his warnings.

The legendary investor founded his hedge fund, Duquesne Capital, in 1981, and routinely outperformed the majority of his peers on Wall Street over the coming decades, delivering an annual average return of 30% from 1986 to 2010, according to Yahoo Finance.

But Druckenmiller really made his name when he led George Soros’s bet against the British pound in 1992, helping the billionaire pocket a cool $1.5 billion profit in a single month.

Druckenmiller eventually shut down his hedge fund in 2010 and converted it into a family office—a type of private firm established by wealthy families to manage their money—as many hedge funders typically do when they unofficially retire. But the leading investor’s views are still widely followed on Wall Street.

Reformed smokers

Druckenmiller’s argument for why the stock market is facing a decade of “flat” trading is based on the idea that central banks’ policies are shifting around the world from a supportive to a restrictive stance.

This shift is a result of the globalization that characterized the past few decades fading amid the war in Ukraine and U.S.-China tensions. Druckenmiller points out that globalization has a deflationary effect because it increases worker productivity and speeds up technological advancement, but now that’s gone.

“When I look back at the bull market that we’ve had in financial assets really starting in 1982…all the factors that created that not only have stopped, they’ve reversed,” he said, referencing current de-globalization trends like the rift between the U.S. and China, along with a move toward increased government spending and more regulation since the 1980s.

Druckenmiller went on to explain how central banks responded to the disinflation caused by globalization since the 1980s—and particularly after the 2008 Great Financial Crisis—with unsustainable policies that now have to be reworked.

“The response after the global financial crisis to disinflation was zero rates, and a lot of money printing, quantitative easing. That created an asset bubble in everything,” he said.

Central bank officials around the world are now moving away from the near-zero interest rates and quantitative easing—a policy of buying mortgage-backed securities and government bonds in hopes of spurring lending and investment—that have bolstered financial assets over the past few decades.

“They’re like reformed smokers,” Druckenmiller said. “They’ve gone from printing a bunch of money, like driving a Porsche at 200 miles an hour, to not only taking the foot off the gas, but just slamming the brakes on.”

To his point, the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised rates four times this year to combat inflation, and it’s not the only central bank attempting to bring down consumer prices with tighter monetary policy. From the U.K. to Australia, central bankers around the world are shifting to a more conservative approach and raising interest rates.

While that means financial assets, including stocks, will likely underperform over the next decade in Druckenmiller’s view, there is some positive news.

“The nice thing is, there were companies that did very, very well in that environment back then,” Druckenmiller said, referencing the stock market’s flat trading seen between ’66 and ’82. “That’s when Apple Computer was founded, Home Depot was founded.”

Druckenmiller also gave a caveat for investors when it comes to his pessimistic outlook, saying that this is the most difficult time in history to make economic forecasts and that he has a history of a “bearish bias” that he has had to work around his whole career.

“I like darkness,” he said.

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