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以太坊合并復(fù)盤:這些幕后推手如何改變了歷史

Taylor Locke
2022-10-03

“50年或100年后,,當(dāng)人們回顧這次合并時(shí),他們會(huì)感嘆:‘哇,,合并真的改變了歷史,。’”

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以太坊的創(chuàng)建者維塔利克·布特林(左)與軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師Dapplion。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF DAPPLION

今年9月,,當(dāng)加密貨幣世界焦急地等待醞釀多年的以太坊(Ethereum)合并時(shí),,一群為該項(xiàng)目奉獻(xiàn)了畢生精力的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師、研究員和社區(qū)成員感到壓力驟升,。

不過(guò),,當(dāng)?shù)褂?jì)時(shí)牌來(lái)到美國(guó)東部時(shí)間9月15日凌晨2點(diǎn)30分的時(shí)候,這群人并沒(méi)有興奮得不能自己,。就像整個(gè)加密貨幣社區(qū)一樣,,他們也在估計(jì)的合并時(shí)間不斷迫近之際,不停地發(fā)送推文,。那一刻,,他們聚集在德國(guó)柏林的以太坊基金會(huì)(Ethereum Foundation)的辦公室里,圍坐在電腦旁,,通過(guò)Zoom視頻電話討論進(jìn)展,,分享個(gè)人軼事,最后一起慶祝,。當(dāng)時(shí)正好趕上著名的黑客馬拉松大賽EthBerlin,。在那里,來(lái)自世界各地的以太坊人匯聚一堂,,共賀他們?yōu)橹畩^斗終生的事業(yè),。

然而,即使支持者數(shù)不勝數(shù),,質(zhì)疑聲卻仍然此起彼伏,。比如,一些人指出,以太坊合并緣何屢屢推遲,;在一個(gè)活躍如斯的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,,如此規(guī)模的升級(jí)緣何從未進(jìn)行過(guò)。

令他們驚訝的是,,以太坊的權(quán)益證明鏈(PoS)在美國(guó)東部時(shí)間9月15日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右開(kāi)始合攏,。圍觀者實(shí)時(shí)見(jiàn)證了加密貨幣領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)歷史性時(shí)刻。就在這時(shí),,藝術(shù)家喬納森·曼恩秉承純正的以太坊風(fēng)格,,延續(xù)了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的傳統(tǒng),在社區(qū)Zoom上演唱了一首以太坊主題的歌曲,,這也是他在合并前測(cè)試期間的多次電話會(huì)議上保持的習(xí)慣。最新一首獻(xiàn)給合并的歌曲包含這樣一段歌詞:“碳足跡都消失了,,這就是為什么我們要高唱合并之歌,。”

我們搞定了,!

合并大吉,!這是以太坊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要時(shí)刻。所有參與合并的人今天都應(yīng)該非常自豪,。

——維塔利克·布特林(@VitalikButerin),,2022年9月15日

成功合攏獲得確認(rèn)后,合并正式完成,,開(kāi)發(fā)者和旁觀者都?xì)g呼起來(lái),。

在外人看來(lái),這種場(chǎng)面似乎來(lái)得毫無(wú)道理,。他們認(rèn)為,,所謂的合并只不過(guò)是一次無(wú)聊的軟件升級(jí)。但對(duì)于肩負(fù)合并重任的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)說(shuō),,它不僅僅是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)壯舉,。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),對(duì)于以太坊和整個(gè)加密貨幣領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō),,這是一個(gè)非常重要的里程牌,。除此之外,這也是一條不平凡的成功之路:夜以繼日的工作,、無(wú)數(shù)次測(cè)試,、研討會(huì)、聚會(huì),、黑客馬拉松大賽和不辭辛苦的旅行,,而參與其中的開(kāi)發(fā)人員最終也成為加密貨幣社區(qū)的明星。數(shù)十名開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員跨越年齡和文化障礙,設(shè)法聯(lián)系在一起,,一周又一周的親密合作,,協(xié)力構(gòu)建以太坊,并為合并做各種準(zhǔn)備,。那么,,他們究竟是如何做到的?

“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),,這是一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻”

合并歷經(jīng)漫長(zhǎng)的等待才得以啟動(dòng),。自以太坊誕生之日起,創(chuàng)建者維塔利克·布特林與軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師和研究員就一直籌劃將這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)入權(quán)益證明機(jī)制,。

以太坊軟件公司ConsenSys的首席研究員米哈伊爾·加里寧每天會(huì)花10個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)鉆研這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程,。但這位享譽(yù)業(yè)界的技術(shù)大咖告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,他從來(lái)沒(méi)有覺(jué)得這是在工作,。

現(xiàn)年35歲的加里寧是以太坊領(lǐng)域的元老級(jí)人物:早在以太坊“主網(wǎng)”在2015年啟動(dòng)前的一個(gè)月,,他就開(kāi)始勠力打造以太坊的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),并最終被稱為合并的幕后“策劃者”,。事實(shí)上,,其他開(kāi)發(fā)者透露稱,沒(méi)有他,,合并就無(wú)從談起,。

2020年11月,加里寧發(fā)布了一個(gè)旨在建立“可執(zhí)行信標(biāo)鏈”(Executable Beacon Chain)的提議,。一個(gè)月后,,信標(biāo)鏈(即以太坊的權(quán)益證明鏈)正式啟用。

“看到我不知疲倦做出來(lái)的東西開(kāi)始投產(chǎn),,將被其他人使用——對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),,這是一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻?!盤rysmatic Labs實(shí)驗(yàn)室的創(chuàng)始人,、常駐美國(guó)舊金山的以太坊軟件工程師特倫斯·曹這樣說(shuō)道。自2018年以來(lái),,現(xiàn)年34歲的特倫斯一直與團(tuán)隊(duì)從事這項(xiàng)研究,,也見(jiàn)證了合并的早期研發(fā)進(jìn)展。彼時(shí),,這個(gè)過(guò)程還沒(méi)有被稱為“合并”,,甚至還不叫Eth2,大多時(shí)候被稱為“Shasper”,。后者是一個(gè)組合詞,,由當(dāng)時(shí)的以太坊權(quán)益證明名稱“Casper”,,以及以太坊增容解決方案“sharding”合并而成。

從那時(shí)起,,開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員一直潛心研究,,并對(duì)合并過(guò)程進(jìn)行了多次測(cè)試,而這些時(shí)光也成為團(tuán)隊(duì)成員最美好的回憶,。例如,,許多開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員對(duì)2021年10月在希臘舉行的“雙耳瓶”(Amphora)研討會(huì)記憶猶新。

以太坊基金會(huì)的軟件工程師馬里厄斯·范德維登說(shuō):“第一次親眼看到你在網(wǎng)上互動(dòng)了這么久的人,,真的很有趣,,也著實(shí)令人興奮?!彼≡诘聡?guó),,從2020年開(kāi)始執(zhí)掌頗具人氣的以太坊客戶端Go Ethereum(Geth)。

對(duì)于輕松愉悅的以太坊社區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),,那次旅行特別符合他們一以貫之的形象,。比如,來(lái)自以太坊客戶端Lodestar,、化名為Dapplion的以太坊核心開(kāi)發(fā)者,在旅行的大部分時(shí)間都穿一件帶有獅子造型的服裝,?!拔以诓煌娜兆永锒即┲翘仔蓄^?!?9歲的Dapplion笑著說(shuō),。

軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師Dapplion(左)和開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)維工程師帕里索什·賈揚(yáng)蒂。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF DAPPLION

但對(duì)26歲的范德維登來(lái)說(shuō),,“最有趣的事情”并不是什么獅子服飾,,而是見(jiàn)證了40多名軟件工程師和研究員合住在希臘的一家五星級(jí)酒店,而且從未離開(kāi)地下室那一幕,?!皬脑绲酵恚覀兌甲谶@個(gè)狹小的房間里寫代碼,,所有人都伏在電腦前,。”范德維登回憶道,。

他們的目標(biāo)是取得進(jìn)展,,并“化解”合并轉(zhuǎn)換方面的一些問(wèn)題——他們確實(shí)做到了。他們當(dāng)時(shí)還不知道的是,,這將成為以太坊共識(shí)機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)向權(quán)益證明的一個(gè)重要“里程碑”,。

2021年10月,米哈伊爾·加里寧在希臘的一個(gè)研討會(huì)上向一群以太坊軟件工程師發(fā)表演講。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF MIKHAIL KALININ

“我們成功地證明了我們所使用的整體概念或架構(gòu)是有效的,。我認(rèn)為,,這是合并研發(fā)過(guò)程中最振奮人心的時(shí)刻?!边@次旅行的組織者,、以太坊基金會(huì)的協(xié)議支持主管蒂姆·貝科說(shuō)。

以太坊基金會(huì)的開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)維工程師帕里索什·賈揚(yáng)蒂透露稱,,在活動(dòng)的最后一天,,“我們想嘗試在以太坊測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)上真正實(shí)現(xiàn)合并。在所有人必須得離開(kāi)前的5分鐘,,這項(xiàng)測(cè)試終于大功告成,。”現(xiàn)年28歲的賈揚(yáng)蒂于2020年加入團(tuán)隊(duì),,合并前的測(cè)試環(huán)節(jié)基本上都是由他負(fù)責(zé),。做成這件事的感覺(jué)“很奇妙,我永生難忘,?!彼f(shuō),。

2021年10月,,以太坊的開(kāi)發(fā)者在希臘慶祝與合并相關(guān)的測(cè)試獲得成功。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF BEN EDGINGTON

“晚上10點(diǎn)以后開(kāi)會(huì)”

對(duì)這群人來(lái)說(shuō),,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的晝夜工作并不罕見(jiàn),。對(duì)合并的全情投入,、對(duì)以太坊的萬(wàn)丈熱情,經(jīng)常讓他們無(wú)暇休息,,更顧不上睡覺(jué),。此外,由于軟件工程師和研究員來(lái)自不同的時(shí)區(qū),,其中包括澳大利亞,、德國(guó)、印度,、波蘭,、瑞士、英國(guó)和美國(guó),,工作時(shí)間不規(guī)律已經(jīng)成為家常便飯。

以太坊基金會(huì)的研究員王曉薇(Hsiao-Wei Wang,,音譯)對(duì)此深有感觸,。她從2017年開(kāi)始與團(tuán)隊(duì)一起研究以太坊生態(tài)系統(tǒng),,并對(duì)合并做出了多項(xiàng)貢獻(xiàn),她利用卡通熊貓制作的合并表情包更是風(fēng)靡網(wǎng)絡(luò),。為了更好地與同事溝通,,這位來(lái)自中國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的研究員經(jīng)常通宵達(dá)旦的工作。她告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“我習(xí)慣了在晚上10點(diǎn)以后開(kāi)會(huì),?!?/p>

敬請(qǐng)包涵。

——王曉薇(@icebearhww),,2021年8月29日

但本·埃金頓指出,,這種“巨大的合作”對(duì)以太坊的成功“至關(guān)重要”。埃金頓于2017年加入ConsenSys,,目前負(fù)責(zé)著名的以太坊客戶端Teku,。“這就是我們想要建立的那種網(wǎng)絡(luò)——一個(gè)沒(méi)有人據(jù)為己有的網(wǎng)絡(luò),,一個(gè)可以讓開(kāi)發(fā)者擁有巨大多樣性的網(wǎng)絡(luò),。”

就像其他加密貨幣社區(qū)一樣,,以太坊社區(qū)全天候在線,。“我們往往工作在哪里,,就住在哪里,。所以很難關(guān)上門說(shuō):‘好啦,我今天的工作結(jié)束了,?!瘺r且我們所做的一切都很吸引人,。一天下來(lái)感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠用,,這激勵(lì)我們必須利用好每時(shí)每刻?!?/p>

2021年10月,,以太坊的開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)在希臘合影留念。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF MIKHAIL KALININ

盡管每個(gè)人推動(dòng)合并的動(dòng)機(jī)可能有所不同,,但大多數(shù)軟件工程師和研究員都表示,,減少以太坊對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是最重要的考量。在擁有氣候動(dòng)力學(xué)背景的埃金頓和他18歲的女兒看來(lái),,這種轉(zhuǎn)變尤為重要,。

“我跟她談?wù)摲峭|(zhì)化代幣(NFT)的時(shí)候,,她簡(jiǎn)直瘋了,,嚴(yán)詞質(zhì)問(wèn)我:‘你怎么能夠這么做,?你是想煮沸海洋嗎,?這可是我要面對(duì)的未來(lái),!’讓我感到欣喜的是,,我可以對(duì)她說(shuō):‘事實(shí)上,,我畢生的工作就是要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,。這其實(shí)就是我正在做的事情,。’”他說(shuō),。“轉(zhuǎn)向權(quán)益證明機(jī)制是必不可少的一步,?!?/p>

賈揚(yáng)蒂指出,許多為合并出力的人都認(rèn)為,,這番努力是“我們每個(gè)人為防止氣候變化所能夠做的最大貢獻(xiàn)了?!彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō),,此舉有望抵消“我一生中可能產(chǎn)生的碳排放。每每想到這一點(diǎn),,就覺(jué)得很瘋狂,。”

“50年或100年后,,當(dāng)人們回顧這次合并時(shí),,他們會(huì)感嘆:‘哇,合并真的改變了歷史,?!碧貍愃埂げ苷f(shuō)?!斑@真的是大事件,,但我覺(jué)得人們還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。我們目前還處于非常早的階段,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:任文科

今年9月,當(dāng)加密貨幣世界焦急地等待醞釀多年的以太坊(Ethereum)合并時(shí),,一群為該項(xiàng)目奉獻(xiàn)了畢生精力的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師,、研究員和社區(qū)成員感到壓力驟升,。

不過(guò),當(dāng)?shù)褂?jì)時(shí)牌來(lái)到美國(guó)東部時(shí)間9月15日凌晨2點(diǎn)30分的時(shí)候,,這群人并沒(méi)有興奮得不能自己,。就像整個(gè)加密貨幣社區(qū)一樣,他們也在估計(jì)的合并時(shí)間不斷迫近之際,,不停地發(fā)送推文。那一刻,,他們聚集在德國(guó)柏林的以太坊基金會(huì)(Ethereum Foundation)的辦公室里,,圍坐在電腦旁,通過(guò)Zoom視頻電話討論進(jìn)展,,分享個(gè)人軼事,,最后一起慶祝。當(dāng)時(shí)正好趕上著名的黑客馬拉松大賽EthBerlin,。在那里,,來(lái)自世界各地的以太坊人匯聚一堂,共賀他們?yōu)橹畩^斗終生的事業(yè),。

然而,,即使支持者數(shù)不勝數(shù),質(zhì)疑聲卻仍然此起彼伏,。比如,,一些人指出,以太坊合并緣何屢屢推遲,;在一個(gè)活躍如斯的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,,如此規(guī)模的升級(jí)緣何從未進(jìn)行過(guò)。

令他們驚訝的是,,以太坊的權(quán)益證明鏈(PoS)在美國(guó)東部時(shí)間9月15日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右開(kāi)始合攏,。圍觀者實(shí)時(shí)見(jiàn)證了加密貨幣領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)歷史性時(shí)刻。就在這時(shí),,藝術(shù)家喬納森·曼恩秉承純正的以太坊風(fēng)格,,延續(xù)了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的傳統(tǒng),,在社區(qū)Zoom上演唱了一首以太坊主題的歌曲,,這也是他在合并前測(cè)試期間的多次電話會(huì)議上保持的習(xí)慣。最新一首獻(xiàn)給合并的歌曲包含這樣一段歌詞:“碳足跡都消失了,,這就是為什么我們要高唱合并之歌,。”

我們搞定了,!

合并大吉,!這是以太坊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要時(shí)刻,。所有參與合并的人今天都應(yīng)該非常自豪。

——維塔利克·布特林(@VitalikButerin),,2022年9月15日

成功合攏獲得確認(rèn)后,,合并正式完成,開(kāi)發(fā)者和旁觀者都?xì)g呼起來(lái),。

在外人看來(lái),,這種場(chǎng)面似乎來(lái)得毫無(wú)道理。他們認(rèn)為,,所謂的合并只不過(guò)是一次無(wú)聊的軟件升級(jí),。但對(duì)于肩負(fù)合并重任的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)說(shuō),它不僅僅是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)壯舉,。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),,對(duì)于以太坊和整個(gè)加密貨幣領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō),這是一個(gè)非常重要的里程牌,。除此之外,,這也是一條不平凡的成功之路:夜以繼日的工作、無(wú)數(shù)次測(cè)試,、研討會(huì),、聚會(huì)、黑客馬拉松大賽和不辭辛苦的旅行,,而參與其中的開(kāi)發(fā)人員最終也成為加密貨幣社區(qū)的明星,。數(shù)十名開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員跨越年齡和文化障礙,設(shè)法聯(lián)系在一起,,一周又一周的親密合作,,協(xié)力構(gòu)建以太坊,并為合并做各種準(zhǔn)備,。那么,,他們究竟是如何做到的?

“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),,這是一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻”

合并歷經(jīng)漫長(zhǎng)的等待才得以啟動(dòng),。自以太坊誕生之日起,創(chuàng)建者維塔利克·布特林與軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程師和研究員就一直籌劃將這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)入權(quán)益證明機(jī)制,。

以太坊軟件公司ConsenSys的首席研究員米哈伊爾·加里寧每天會(huì)花10個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)鉆研這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程,。但這位享譽(yù)業(yè)界的技術(shù)大咖告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,他從來(lái)沒(méi)有覺(jué)得這是在工作,。

現(xiàn)年35歲的加里寧是以太坊領(lǐng)域的元老級(jí)人物:早在以太坊“主網(wǎng)”在2015年啟動(dòng)前的一個(gè)月,,他就開(kāi)始勠力打造以太坊的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),并最終被稱為合并的幕后“策劃者”,。事實(shí)上,,其他開(kāi)發(fā)者透露稱,,沒(méi)有他,合并就無(wú)從談起,。

2020年11月,,加里寧發(fā)布了一個(gè)旨在建立“可執(zhí)行信標(biāo)鏈”(Executable Beacon Chain)的提議。一個(gè)月后,,信標(biāo)鏈(即以太坊的權(quán)益證明鏈)正式啟用,。

“看到我不知疲倦做出來(lái)的東西開(kāi)始投產(chǎn),將被其他人使用——對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),,這是一個(gè)重要時(shí)刻,。”Prysmatic Labs實(shí)驗(yàn)室的創(chuàng)始人,、常駐美國(guó)舊金山的以太坊軟件工程師特倫斯·曹這樣說(shuō)道,。自2018年以來(lái),現(xiàn)年34歲的特倫斯一直與團(tuán)隊(duì)從事這項(xiàng)研究,,也見(jiàn)證了合并的早期研發(fā)進(jìn)展,。彼時(shí),這個(gè)過(guò)程還沒(méi)有被稱為“合并”,,甚至還不叫Eth2,,大多時(shí)候被稱為“Shasper”。后者是一個(gè)組合詞,,由當(dāng)時(shí)的以太坊權(quán)益證明名稱“Casper”,,以及以太坊增容解決方案“sharding”合并而成。

從那時(shí)起,,開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員一直潛心研究,,并對(duì)合并過(guò)程進(jìn)行了多次測(cè)試,而這些時(shí)光也成為團(tuán)隊(duì)成員最美好的回憶,。例如,,許多開(kāi)發(fā)者和研究員對(duì)2021年10月在希臘舉行的“雙耳瓶”(Amphora)研討會(huì)記憶猶新。

以太坊基金會(huì)的軟件工程師馬里厄斯·范德維登說(shuō):“第一次親眼看到你在網(wǎng)上互動(dòng)了這么久的人,,真的很有趣,,也著實(shí)令人興奮?!彼≡诘聡?guó),,從2020年開(kāi)始執(zhí)掌頗具人氣的以太坊客戶端Go Ethereum(Geth)。

對(duì)于輕松愉悅的以太坊社區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),,那次旅行特別符合他們一以貫之的形象,。比如,,來(lái)自以太坊客戶端Lodestar,、化名為Dapplion的以太坊核心開(kāi)發(fā)者,,在旅行的大部分時(shí)間都穿一件帶有獅子造型的服裝?!拔以诓煌娜兆永锒即┲翘仔蓄^,。”29歲的Dapplion笑著說(shuō),。

但對(duì)26歲的范德維登來(lái)說(shuō),,“最有趣的事情”并不是什么獅子服飾,而是見(jiàn)證了40多名軟件工程師和研究員合住在希臘的一家五星級(jí)酒店,,而且從未離開(kāi)地下室那一幕,。“從早到晚,,我們都坐在這個(gè)狹小的房間里寫代碼,,所有人都伏在電腦前?!狈兜戮S登回憶道,。

他們的目標(biāo)是取得進(jìn)展,并“化解”合并轉(zhuǎn)換方面的一些問(wèn)題——他們確實(shí)做到了,。他們當(dāng)時(shí)還不知道的是,,這將成為以太坊共識(shí)機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)向權(quán)益證明的一個(gè)重要“里程碑”。

“我們成功地證明了我們所使用的整體概念或架構(gòu)是有效的,。我認(rèn)為,,這是合并研發(fā)過(guò)程中最振奮人心的時(shí)刻?!边@次旅行的組織者,、以太坊基金會(huì)的協(xié)議支持主管蒂姆·貝科說(shuō)。

以太坊基金會(huì)的開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)維工程師帕里索什·賈揚(yáng)蒂透露稱,,在活動(dòng)的最后一天,,“我們想嘗試在以太坊測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)上真正實(shí)現(xiàn)合并。在所有人必須得離開(kāi)前的5分鐘,,這項(xiàng)測(cè)試終于大功告成,。”現(xiàn)年28歲的賈揚(yáng)蒂于2020年加入團(tuán)隊(duì),,合并前的測(cè)試環(huán)節(jié)基本上都是由他負(fù)責(zé),。做成這件事的感覺(jué)“很奇妙,我永生難忘,?!彼f(shuō)。

“晚上10點(diǎn)以后開(kāi)會(huì)”

對(duì)這群人來(lái)說(shuō),長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的晝夜工作并不罕見(jiàn),。對(duì)合并的全情投入,、對(duì)以太坊的萬(wàn)丈熱情,經(jīng)常讓他們無(wú)暇休息,,更顧不上睡覺(jué),。此外,由于軟件工程師和研究員來(lái)自不同的時(shí)區(qū),,其中包括澳大利亞,、德國(guó)、印度,、波蘭,、瑞士、英國(guó)和美國(guó),,工作時(shí)間不規(guī)律已經(jīng)成為家常便飯,。

以太坊基金會(huì)的研究員王曉薇(Hsiao-Wei Wang,音譯)對(duì)此深有感觸,。她從2017年開(kāi)始與團(tuán)隊(duì)一起研究以太坊生態(tài)系統(tǒng),,并對(duì)合并做出了多項(xiàng)貢獻(xiàn),她利用卡通熊貓制作的合并表情包更是風(fēng)靡網(wǎng)絡(luò),。為了更好地與同事溝通,,這位來(lái)自中國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的研究員經(jīng)常通宵達(dá)旦的工作。她告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“我習(xí)慣了在晚上10點(diǎn)以后開(kāi)會(huì),?!?/p>

敬請(qǐng)包涵。

——王曉薇(@icebearhww),,2021年8月29日

但本·埃金頓指出,,這種“巨大的合作”對(duì)以太坊的成功“至關(guān)重要”。埃金頓于2017年加入ConsenSys,,目前負(fù)責(zé)著名的以太坊客戶端Teku,。“這就是我們想要建立的那種網(wǎng)絡(luò)——一個(gè)沒(méi)有人據(jù)為己有的網(wǎng)絡(luò),,一個(gè)可以讓開(kāi)發(fā)者擁有巨大多樣性的網(wǎng)絡(luò),。”

就像其他加密貨幣社區(qū)一樣,,以太坊社區(qū)全天候在線,。“我們往往工作在哪里,,就住在哪里,。所以很難關(guān)上門說(shuō):‘好啦,,我今天的工作結(jié)束了?!瘺r且我們所做的一切都很吸引人,。一天下來(lái)感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠用,這激勵(lì)我們必須利用好每時(shí)每刻,?!?/p>

盡管每個(gè)人推動(dòng)合并的動(dòng)機(jī)可能有所不同,,但大多數(shù)軟件工程師和研究員都表示,,減少以太坊對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是最重要的考量。在擁有氣候動(dòng)力學(xué)背景的埃金頓和他18歲的女兒看來(lái),,這種轉(zhuǎn)變尤為重要,。

“我跟她談?wù)摲峭|(zhì)化代幣(NFT)的時(shí)候,她簡(jiǎn)直瘋了,,嚴(yán)詞質(zhì)問(wèn)我:‘你怎么能夠這么做,?你是想煮沸海洋嗎?這可是我要面對(duì)的未來(lái),!’讓我感到欣喜的是,,我可以對(duì)她說(shuō):‘事實(shí)上,我畢生的工作就是要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,。這其實(shí)就是我正在做的事情,。’”他說(shuō),?!稗D(zhuǎn)向權(quán)益證明機(jī)制是必不可少的一步?!?/p>

賈揚(yáng)蒂指出,,許多為合并出力的人都認(rèn)為,這番努力是“我們每個(gè)人為防止氣候變化所能夠做的最大貢獻(xiàn)了,?!彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō),此舉有望抵消“我一生中可能產(chǎn)生的碳排放,。每每想到這一點(diǎn),,就覺(jué)得很瘋狂?!?/p>

“50年或100年后,,當(dāng)人們回顧這次合并時(shí),他們會(huì)感嘆:‘哇,,合并真的改變了歷史,?!碧貍愃埂げ苷f(shuō)?!斑@真的是大事件,,但我覺(jué)得人們還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。我們目前還處于非常早的階段,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:任文科

As the cryptocurrency world anxiously awaited the years-in-the-making Ethereum merge last week, a group of developers, researchers, and community members who’ve dedicated their lives to the project felt the pressure mount.

But counting down the blocks as the time passed 2:30 a.m. EST on Sept. 15, the group didn’t waver in excitement. They, alongside the greater cryptocurrency community, were sending tweets as the estimated timing for the merge got closer and closer. Those gathered IRL at the Ethereum Foundation office in Berlin—just in time for the notable hackathon EthBerlin, where Ethereans meet from all over the world to celebrate the project to which they’ve dedicated their lives—were huddled around their computers on a Zoom call to discuss progress, share war stories, and, finally, celebrate.

However, even with all the support, doubters remained, some citing how the merge had been delayed so many times in the past, and how an upgrade of this scope, on an active network of this size, had never been done.

To their surprise, the Ethereum proof-of-stake chain began to finalize around 3 a.m. EST, and onlookers witnessed in real time a historic moment in cryptocurrency history. And as it happened, in true Etherean fashion, artist Jonathan Mann continued his long-standing tradition of singing Ethereum-themed songs on community Zooms—a custom he adopted over the course of multiple pre-merge test calls. His latest tune dedicated to the merge included the lyrics: “Carbon footprint is all gone, that’s why we’re singin’ the merge song.”

And we finalized!

Happy merge all. This is a big moment for the Ethereum ecosystem. Everyone who helped make the merge happen should feel very proud today.

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) September 15, 2022

With success then assured, the merge was complete, and developers and watchers alike cheered.

To outsiders, the spectacle might’ve seemed unwarranted, thinking the merge is just some boring software upgrade. But for the team responsible, it’s much more than merely a technological feat. Aside from being a hugely important milestone for Ethereum and the greater cryptocurrency sector, the road leading to it was one of 24/7 work, countless tests, workshops, meetups, hackathons, and travel for developers—who became figureheads within the crypto community. Ranging across generations and cultures, the scores of developers and researchers managed to connect and collaborate—week in, week out—to build Ethereum and prepare for the merge. Here’s how they did it.

“Big moment for me”

The merge was a long time coming. Since Ethereum’s genesis, creator Vitalik Buterin, alongside developers and researchers, planned to move the network to proof of stake.

Mikhail Kalinin, lead researcher at prominent Ethereum software company ConsenSys, would spend 10 hours per day working on it—but it never felt much like work, he told Fortune.

Kalinin, 35, is an Ethereum OG: He started working on the Ethereum ecosystem in 2015—a month before the Ethereum mainnet, or main public chain, launched—and ultimately became known as the “mastermind” behind the merge. In fact, other developers say that without him, the merge wouldn’t have happened.

In November 2020, Kalinin published a proposal for the “Executable Beacon Chain,” and a month later, the Beacon Chain, Ethereum’s proof-of-stake chain, shipped.

That was a “big moment for me—seeing something that I’ve worked very tirelessly on in production that other people will be using,” said Terence Tsao, founder of Prysmatic Labs and an Ethereum developer out of San Francisco. Working with the team since 2018, Tsao, 34, also saw the development of the merge in its earliest stages—back before it was called the merge, or even Eth2, and was mostly referred to as “Shasper,” a combination of “Casper,” the then-name for Ethereum’s version of proof of stake, and “sharding,” an Ethereum scaling solution.

Since then, developers and researchers have worked on and tested the merge process many times—and those times became favorite memories for team members. For one, developers and researchers recall the October 2021 “Amphora” workshop in Greece.

“It was really interesting and exciting to see people that you’ve interacted with online first for so long in person,” said Ethereum Foundation software developer Marius van der Wijden, who’s based in Germany and has led work on the popular Go Ethereum (Geth) client since 2020.

That trip was very on-brand for the lighthearted Ethereum community. For example, Dapplion, a pseudonymous Ethereum core developer at Lodestar, wore a lion costume for most of the trip. “I was wearing that suit on different days,” said Dapplion, 29, laughing.

But to van der Wijden, 26, the “funniest thing” wasn’t the lion costume. Instead, it was witnessing over 40 developers and researchers stay at a five-star hotel in Greece—and never leave the basement. “We sat there in this rather small room, coding, all hunched over computers, from morning to evening,” van der Wijden recalled.

Their goal was to make progress and “iron out” some issues regarding the merge transition—and they did just that. They didn’t know it at the time, but it would go down as a major “milestone” on Ethereum’s road to proof of stake.

“We managed to prove that the overall concept or architecture that we were using worked, and I think that was, with regards to the merge, the most energizing moment,” said Tim Beiko, the protocol support lead at the Ethereum Foundation who helped organize the trip.

On the last day of the event, “we wanted to try to make the merge actually happen on a testnet [or Ethereum test network]. We managed to make this test work five minutes before we all had to leave,” said Ethereum Foundation devops engineer Parithosh Jayanthi, who joined the team in 2020 and led most of the pre-merge testing. Ultimately, completing it was “an amazing feeling,” Jayanthi, 28, said. “I definitely won’t forget that one.”

“Meetings after 10 p.m.”

Long workdays—and nights—isn’t uncommon for this bunch. Their dedication to the merge, and passion for Ethereum, frequently outweighed their desire for breaks or sleep. Plus, with developers and researchers across the world in various time zones—Australia, Germany, India, Poland, Switzerland, the U.K., and the U.S. among them—working odd hours became routine.

Ethereum Foundation researcher Hsiao-Wei Wang knows this well. She’s worked on the Ethereum ecosystem with the team since 2017, contributing to the merge in many ways—including her creation of the viral panda merge meme. Based in Taiwan, she typically works late at night in order to connect with her colleagues. “I am used to having meetings after 10 p.m.,” she told Fortune.

Bear with me.

— Hsiao-Wei Wang (@icebearhww) August 29, 2021

But this “enormously collaborative” effort is “critical” to the success of Ethereum, said Ben Edgington, product owner of prominent Ethereum client Teku at ConsenSys, where he began working in 2017. “That’s the kind of network we want to build—the network where nobody owns it, and where it enables a huge diversity of developers.”

The Ethereum community—much like other cryptocurrency-related communities—is online 24/7. “We tend to live where we work, so it’s very hard to shut the door and say, ‘Okay, my day is over,” added Edgington. “Also, everything we do is fascinating. There just aren’t enough hours in the day. There’s this drive to consume it.”

Though individual motivations in bringing the merge to life may vary, most developers and researchers said reducing Ethereum’s environmental impact was among the most important. With a background in climate dynamics, the shift was especially vital in the eyes of Edgington—and his 18-year-old daughter.

“I was talking to her about NFTs, and she went crazy. Like, ‘How can you do this? You’re boiling the ocean. This is my future.’ And I was very pleased to be able to say, ‘Actually, my life’s work now is to fix that. This is what I’m actually doing,’” he said. “This move to proof of stake is an essential step.”

Many working on the merge saw their efforts as creating “the most impact any of us individually could have” in preventing climate change, said Jayanthi, adding that he viewed it as a way to counteract “probably the carbon budget of my entire life…which is insane to think about.”

“In 50, 100 years down the line, people will look at the merge like, ‘Oh, wow, the merge actually changed history,’” Tsao said. “It’s really big, but I feel like people haven’t realized that. We are in such early days.”

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