穿著深色西裝,,備好了iPhone,,在英國(guó)倫敦的一家豪華酒店里喝著濃咖啡,這就是事業(yè)成功的高管的群像,。這與世界上最大的加密貨幣交易所幣安(Binance)的首席執(zhí)行官及聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人趙長(zhǎng)鵬的標(biāo)志性形象相去甚遠(yuǎn):一件黑色連帽衫,,再配一雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。
今年早些時(shí)候,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在與《財(cái)富》雜志的工作人員共進(jìn)早餐時(shí)解釋說(shuō),,這次改頭換面是必要的,因?yàn)樗ラ_(kāi)一天的會(huì)議,,還要與英國(guó)議員和商界領(lǐng)袖一道參加奶酪與葡萄酒招待會(huì),。在英國(guó),幣安正在接受審查,,禁止他招攬客戶,。然后,趙長(zhǎng)鵬(通常被稱為CZ)挽起襯衫衣袖,,露出紋在右前臂的幣安標(biāo)識(shí):他骨子里仍然是個(gè)叛逆者,。
從上周開(kāi)始,你可以給趙長(zhǎng)鵬錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的公眾形象再添一個(gè)形容詞:FTX殺手,。
在薩姆·班克曼-弗里德的加密貨幣交易所內(nèi)爆的過(guò)程中,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬成了目前唯一的真正贏家——在不到兩周的時(shí)間里發(fā)生了這樣驚人的轉(zhuǎn)變,。FTX土崩瓦解,,創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官——趙長(zhǎng)鵬的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手——在一夜之間身無(wú)分文,,他個(gè)人的155億美元財(cái)富在幾天內(nèi)蒸發(fā)殆盡。無(wú)數(shù)的FTX投資者和客戶很快收回資金幾近無(wú)望,。11月11日,,F(xiàn)TX宣布破產(chǎn),如果當(dāng)局發(fā)現(xiàn)SBF(班克曼-弗里德的綽號(hào))利用客戶的資金填補(bǔ)不斷膨脹的公司債務(wù)黑洞,,那么SBF可能就會(huì)因?yàn)殡娦牌墼p而入獄,。
與此形成鮮明對(duì)比的是趙長(zhǎng)鵬。幣安的首席執(zhí)行官目前的身價(jià)估計(jì)為177億美元(和他今年3月的身價(jià)770億美元相比,,有所下降,,這是由于此后幾個(gè)月加密貨幣市場(chǎng)暴跌)。隨著FTX的湮滅,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬成立五年的公司目前已經(jīng)碾壓實(shí)力相近的其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,,在最近的24小時(shí)內(nèi)交易了約135.6億美元的比特幣(Bitcoin)和代幣,而FTX的交易量為零,。
加密貨幣領(lǐng)域沒(méi)有英雄
在每一場(chǎng)角斗士決斗中,,都有一位失敗者被踩在地上,渾身是血,。但這場(chǎng)決斗讓角色調(diào)轉(zhuǎn),,對(duì)趙長(zhǎng)鵬來(lái)說(shuō),這也許比讓他的主要對(duì)手和商業(yè)威脅黯然失色更重要,。
直到本月,時(shí)年30歲的SBF一直把自己塑造成加密貨幣版《狂野西部》(Wild West)中一身正氣,、肩負(fù)重任的槍手,,與政界人士和慈善家建立良好關(guān)系,并拯救陷入困境的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。在中國(guó)和加拿大長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)年45歲的趙長(zhǎng)鵬,,在許多商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖看來(lái)是一個(gè)神秘的局外人,至少在美國(guó)是這樣,。他在美國(guó)沒(méi)有什么深厚的關(guān)系,,交易業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)常被懷疑未能封鎖受制裁的公司,。
如今,F(xiàn)TX的垮臺(tái)送了趙長(zhǎng)鵬一份珍貴的禮物:有機(jī)會(huì)將自己重塑成該行業(yè)所需要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,,幫助自己走出泥潭,。
多年來(lái),,幣安一直在包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的多個(gè)國(guó)家接受調(diào)查,,有關(guān)部門指控它未能阻止用戶在其平臺(tái)上洗錢,未能建立固定的運(yùn)營(yíng)總部,,并規(guī)避法律制裁,。路透社(Reuters)在本月早些時(shí)候報(bào)道稱,自2018年以來(lái),,幣安處理了約78億美元伊朗購(gòu)買的加密貨幣。巴黎仲裁律師艾加·萊伊涅代表幣安用戶就網(wǎng)站中斷起訴幣安,。她在今年早些時(shí)候告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,,她認(rèn)為幣安利用“司法管轄權(quán)區(qū)域跳轉(zhuǎn)”作為一種策略,以逃避法律責(zé)任,。趙長(zhǎng)鵬在11月14日的推特空間(Twitter Spaces)直播會(huì)議上表示,,他已經(jīng)設(shè)立了“多個(gè)總部和辦公室”,主要設(shè)在迪拜和巴黎,,“但從全球運(yùn)營(yíng)的角度來(lái)看,我們采用的是分布式勞動(dòng)力模式,?!?/p>
一段變質(zhì)的關(guān)系
作為趙長(zhǎng)鵬的陪襯,班克曼-弗里德再完美不過(guò)了,。據(jù)報(bào)道,,這兩位加密貨幣巨頭曾經(jīng)一度是朋友和知己,這為兩人最近的鬧劇增添了莎士比亞式的背叛元素,。(趙長(zhǎng)鵬在2022年4月登上了《財(cái)富》雜志的封面,,SBF于今年8月登上了《財(cái)富》雜志的封面。)
在FTX垮臺(tái)之前,SBF從一群持自由論,、癡迷于技術(shù)的加密貨幣人士中脫穎而出,。他善于交際,在政治上很前衛(wèi),,給人的印象是你大學(xué)宿舍里那個(gè)性格溫和的書(shū)呆子,,留著一頭凌亂的卷發(fā),而他的商務(wù)裝就是寬松的短褲和T恤衫,。他的父母是斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的法學(xué)教授,,他在硅谷的中心地帶長(zhǎng)大,然后畢業(yè)于麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT),,獲得了物理學(xué)學(xué)位,。他在避稅天堂巴哈馬群島的一套頂層公寓里經(jīng)營(yíng)著FTX——直到本月,,這一經(jīng)歷還被視為豐富多彩,而不是令人擔(dān)憂,。
SBF也是華盛頓的??停c美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員和高級(jí)官員過(guò)從甚密,。班克曼-弗里德成為美國(guó)民主黨最大的捐贈(zèng)者之一,,并在美國(guó)參議院委員會(huì)(他西裝革履)就該行業(yè)作證。他甚至為邁阿密熱火隊(duì)(Miami Heat)的籃球館簽訂了一份價(jià)值1.35億美元的FTX冠名權(quán)協(xié)議,。與此同時(shí),,趙長(zhǎng)鵬的中國(guó)血統(tǒng)使他更難在華盛頓找到盟友。
對(duì)于加密貨幣觀察人士來(lái)說(shuō),,過(guò)去一周令人暈眩的經(jīng)歷之一就是目睹了這兩位巨頭的角色調(diào)轉(zhuǎn),,其轉(zhuǎn)變可謂翻天覆地,而他們的行為導(dǎo)致了這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的發(fā)生,。澳大利亞數(shù)字財(cái)富管理公司Zerocap的首席投資官喬恩·德·韋特于11月13日對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我們剛剛經(jīng)歷了一件大事,。 這是加密貨幣面臨全球金融危機(jī)的時(shí)刻?!?/p>
事情始于11月2日,,當(dāng)時(shí)加密貨幣新聞網(wǎng)站CoinDesk披露,班克曼-弗里德的交易公司Alameda Research的146億美元資產(chǎn)中,,有很大一部分是FTX自己的加密代幣FTT,。這促使趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特(Twitter)上向770萬(wàn)粉絲宣布,幣安將出售所有的FTT代幣,,引發(fā)客戶取現(xiàn)超過(guò)50億美元,。到了11月8日,班克曼-弗里德無(wú)法滿足客戶的提款需求,,于是打電話給趙長(zhǎng)鵬求助,。趙長(zhǎng)鵬提出讓幣安以超低價(jià)收購(gòu)FTX來(lái)救助FTX。僅僅一天后,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特上寫道:“由于公司的盡職調(diào)查”,,他放棄了這項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
這不是兩人的命運(yùn)第一次交織在一起,。SBF比幣安晚兩年推出FTX,,業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展迅速,穩(wěn)步擠占幣安的主導(dǎo)地位,。幣安投資了FTX,,在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合,趙長(zhǎng)鵬稱贊FTX的快速增長(zhǎng)對(duì)行業(yè)有利。但據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times)援引的消息來(lái)源稱,,據(jù)報(bào)道,,班克曼-弗里德在華盛頓的私人會(huì)議上煽風(fēng)點(diǎn)火,助長(zhǎng)了權(quán)貴人士對(duì)趙長(zhǎng)鵬的懷疑,。
敗北后,,SBF本周向《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》承認(rèn),唱衰對(duì)手——最終他迫切需要對(duì)手的幫助——“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是明智的戰(zhàn)略舉措,?!边@一決裂令人痛苦。幣安在拋售了所持的大部分FTX股票后,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬冷冷地在推特上寫道:“我們不會(huì)在離婚后假裝做愛(ài),。”FTX岌岌可危,。
“算你狠,,你贏了”
投資者在事件發(fā)生后陷入困境,趙長(zhǎng)鵬加緊鞏固自己業(yè)內(nèi)成年人的地位,。11月11日,,在巴厘島舉行的印度尼西亞技術(shù)峰會(huì)(Indonesia Tech Summit)上,他對(duì)座無(wú)虛席的觀眾說(shuō),,該行業(yè)“基本上倒退了幾年”,,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,它將變得更強(qiáng)大,,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者更少,更可靠——雖然趙長(zhǎng)鵬沒(méi)有明說(shuō),,但言下之意是幣安很可能成為業(yè)界的領(lǐng)軍企業(yè),。
但SBF并不是趙長(zhǎng)鵬唯一的詆毀者。在11月16日的阿布扎比金融周(Abu Dhabi Finance Week)上,,著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,、Nouriel Macro Associates的首席執(zhí)行官努里埃爾·魯比尼稱幣安的首席執(zhí)行官是“一枚行走的定時(shí)炸彈”,應(yīng)該被驅(qū)逐出他在迪拜的總部,,并稱加密貨幣是“一個(gè)完全腐敗的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”,。他后來(lái)在推特上說(shuō),幣安允許“在他們不法平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行各種骯臟的交易”,。
11月13日,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特上發(fā)起了一只加密貨幣行業(yè)復(fù)蘇基金——顯然是由他自己主導(dǎo)的——以保護(hù)投資者免受像FTX垮臺(tái)這樣的打擊,并呼吁其他人加入,。此外,,他告訴推特空間的聽(tīng)眾,他正“試圖在加密貨幣領(lǐng)域組建一個(gè)全球行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)”,該協(xié)會(huì)將分享公司的儲(chǔ)備金證明,,并提高“透明度”,。
幣安的首席執(zhí)行官堅(jiān)稱,他沒(méi)有在背后操縱,,從而造成FTX垮臺(tái),。趙長(zhǎng)鵬于11月14日在推特空間上說(shuō):“我為自己造成的任何動(dòng)蕩道歉。即使是我,,在薩姆打電話給我之前,,我也不知道他們已經(jīng)破產(chǎn)了?!卑嗫寺?弗里德似乎并不買賬,。11月11日,,他在推特上抨擊自己的“對(duì)手”說(shuō):“算你狠,你贏了,。”
“非常執(zhí)著”
趙長(zhǎng)鵬稱自己“骨子里是個(gè)技術(shù)人員,,不善于交際?!彪S著加密貨幣市場(chǎng)的升溫,,他以100萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格賣掉了在中國(guó)上海的公寓,,并在2017年用這筆錢創(chuàng)辦了幣安。
他的密友們很難理解他的想法,,但都姑且信了他,。上海風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資家,、趙長(zhǎng)鵬以前在上海的牌友之一朱大明(音譯)今年早些時(shí)候告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,,2017年,,他向趙長(zhǎng)鵬的加密貨幣初創(chuàng)公司投資了100萬(wàn)元人民幣(約合14.1萬(wàn)美元),,現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)為這是“我做過(guò)的最好的投資”,。然而,,他說(shuō),,當(dāng)時(shí)趙長(zhǎng)鵬的朋友們對(duì)加密貨幣一無(wú)所知,?!拔覀兌疾幻靼姿谧鍪裁?。”他說(shuō),,“但他非常執(zhí)著?!?/p>
正是憑借這樣的持之以恒精神,,他才能夠安然度過(guò)加密貨幣的動(dòng)蕩時(shí)期,。他敏銳地意識(shí)到,,F(xiàn)TX的垮臺(tái)——他在其中扮演了核心角色——已經(jīng)破壞了投資者對(duì)加密貨幣的信任,也許這種情況還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間,。他在11月14日的推特空間會(huì)議上說(shuō),,這是不公平的。他抱怨媒體在班克曼-弗里德隕落后嘲弄所有的加密貨幣高管,,并將其與媒體對(duì)伯納德-麥道夫的對(duì)沖基金龐氏騙局的報(bào)道進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,,后者被描述為“只是他自己的問(wèn)題,而不是整個(gè)行業(yè)的問(wèn)題”,。
重建對(duì)該行業(yè)的信任將是趙長(zhǎng)鵬的緊迫任務(wù),。但是,要贏回投資者的信任,,很可能意味著放棄加密貨幣自由放任、不受監(jiān)管的狀況——到目前為止,,他已經(jīng)從中獲得巨額利益,。上周他承諾,幣安將開(kāi)始發(fā)布其“儲(chǔ)備金證明”,,并呼吁其他公司也這樣做,。他還沒(méi)有這樣做,,但在另一項(xiàng)彰顯透明度的舉措中,,幣安確實(shí)發(fā)布了幣安橋(Binance Bridge)掛鉤代幣的抵押證明。
他試圖進(jìn)入SBF留下的真空地帶,,將自己塑造成明智的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,,但投資者是否會(huì)被說(shuō)服還有待觀察,?!拔覀儾话哑渌灰姿暈楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,?!彼?1月14日在推特空間上說(shuō)?!皩?duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),我們更專注于行業(yè)發(fā)展,?!?/p>
也許這是真的。但有一點(diǎn)似乎很清楚:FTX的失對(duì)幣安來(lái)說(shuō)是得——趙長(zhǎng)鵬這個(gè)角斗士站在對(duì)手血淋淋的尸體上,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
穿著深色西裝,,備好了iPhone,在英國(guó)倫敦的一家豪華酒店里喝著濃咖啡,,這就是事業(yè)成功的高管的群像,。這與世界上最大的加密貨幣交易所幣安(Binance)的首席執(zhí)行官及聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人趙長(zhǎng)鵬的標(biāo)志性形象相去甚遠(yuǎn):一件黑色連帽衫,,再配一雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋,。
今年早些時(shí)候,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在與《財(cái)富》雜志的工作人員共進(jìn)早餐時(shí)解釋說(shuō),這次改頭換面是必要的,,因?yàn)樗ラ_(kāi)一天的會(huì)議,,還要與英國(guó)議員和商界領(lǐng)袖一道參加奶酪與葡萄酒招待會(huì)。在英國(guó),,幣安正在接受審查,,禁止他招攬客戶,。然后,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬(通常被稱為CZ)挽起襯衫衣袖,,露出紋在右前臂的幣安標(biāo)識(shí):他骨子里仍然是個(gè)叛逆者。
從上周開(kāi)始,,你可以給趙長(zhǎng)鵬錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的公眾形象再添一個(gè)形容詞:FTX殺手,。
在薩姆·班克曼-弗里德的加密貨幣交易所內(nèi)爆的過(guò)程中,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬成了目前唯一的真正贏家——在不到兩周的時(shí)間里發(fā)生了這樣驚人的轉(zhuǎn)變,。FTX土崩瓦解,,創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官——趙長(zhǎng)鵬的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手——在一夜之間身無(wú)分文,,他個(gè)人的155億美元財(cái)富在幾天內(nèi)蒸發(fā)殆盡,。無(wú)數(shù)的FTX投資者和客戶很快收回資金幾近無(wú)望,。11月11日,,F(xiàn)TX宣布破產(chǎn),如果當(dāng)局發(fā)現(xiàn)SBF(班克曼-弗里德的綽號(hào))利用客戶的資金填補(bǔ)不斷膨脹的公司債務(wù)黑洞,,那么SBF可能就會(huì)因?yàn)殡娦牌墼p而入獄,。
與此形成鮮明對(duì)比的是趙長(zhǎng)鵬。幣安的首席執(zhí)行官目前的身價(jià)估計(jì)為177億美元(和他今年3月的身價(jià)770億美元相比,,有所下降,,這是由于此后幾個(gè)月加密貨幣市場(chǎng)暴跌)。隨著FTX的湮滅,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬成立五年的公司目前已經(jīng)碾壓實(shí)力相近的其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,,在最近的24小時(shí)內(nèi)交易了約135.6億美元的比特幣(Bitcoin)和代幣,而FTX的交易量為零,。
加密貨幣領(lǐng)域沒(méi)有英雄
在每一場(chǎng)角斗士決斗中,,都有一位失敗者被踩在地上,渾身是血,。但這場(chǎng)決斗讓角色調(diào)轉(zhuǎn),,對(duì)趙長(zhǎng)鵬來(lái)說(shuō),這也許比讓他的主要對(duì)手和商業(yè)威脅黯然失色更重要,。
直到本月,,時(shí)年30歲的SBF一直把自己塑造成加密貨幣版《狂野西部》(Wild West)中一身正氣、肩負(fù)重任的槍手,,與政界人士和慈善家建立良好關(guān)系,,并拯救陷入困境的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。在中國(guó)和加拿大長(zhǎng)大的時(shí)年45歲的趙長(zhǎng)鵬,,在許多商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖看來(lái)是一個(gè)神秘的局外人,,至少在美國(guó)是這樣。他在美國(guó)沒(méi)有什么深厚的關(guān)系,,交易業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)常被懷疑未能封鎖受制裁的公司,。
如今,,F(xiàn)TX的垮臺(tái)送了趙長(zhǎng)鵬一份珍貴的禮物:有機(jī)會(huì)將自己重塑成該行業(yè)所需要的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,幫助自己走出泥潭,。
多年來(lái),,幣安一直在包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的多個(gè)國(guó)家接受調(diào)查,有關(guān)部門指控它未能阻止用戶在其平臺(tái)上洗錢,,未能建立固定的運(yùn)營(yíng)總部,,并規(guī)避法律制裁。路透社(Reuters)在本月早些時(shí)候報(bào)道稱,,自2018年以來(lái),,幣安處理了約78億美元伊朗購(gòu)買的加密貨幣。巴黎仲裁律師艾加·萊伊涅代表幣安用戶就網(wǎng)站中斷起訴幣安,。她在今年早些時(shí)候告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,,她認(rèn)為幣安利用“司法管轄權(quán)區(qū)域跳轉(zhuǎn)”作為一種策略,以逃避法律責(zé)任,。趙長(zhǎng)鵬在11月14日的推特空間(Twitter Spaces)直播會(huì)議上表示,,他已經(jīng)設(shè)立了“多個(gè)總部和辦公室”,主要設(shè)在迪拜和巴黎,,“但從全球運(yùn)營(yíng)的角度來(lái)看,,我們采用的是分布式勞動(dòng)力模式?!?/p>
一段變質(zhì)的關(guān)系
作為趙長(zhǎng)鵬的陪襯,,班克曼-弗里德再完美不過(guò)了。據(jù)報(bào)道,,這兩位加密貨幣巨頭曾經(jīng)一度是朋友和知己,,這為兩人最近的鬧劇增添了莎士比亞式的背叛元素。(趙長(zhǎng)鵬在2022年4月登上了《財(cái)富》雜志的封面,,SBF于今年8月登上了《財(cái)富》雜志的封面,。)
在FTX垮臺(tái)之前,SBF從一群持自由論,、癡迷于技術(shù)的加密貨幣人士中脫穎而出,。他善于交際,在政治上很前衛(wèi),,給人的印象是你大學(xué)宿舍里那個(gè)性格溫和的書(shū)呆子,,留著一頭凌亂的卷發(fā),而他的商務(wù)裝就是寬松的短褲和T恤衫,。他的父母是斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的法學(xué)教授,,他在硅谷的中心地帶長(zhǎng)大,然后畢業(yè)于麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT),獲得了物理學(xué)學(xué)位,。他在避稅天堂巴哈馬群島的一套頂層公寓里經(jīng)營(yíng)著FTX——直到本月,,這一經(jīng)歷還被視為豐富多彩,而不是令人擔(dān)憂,。
SBF也是華盛頓的??停c美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員和高級(jí)官員過(guò)從甚密,。班克曼-弗里德成為美國(guó)民主黨最大的捐贈(zèng)者之一,,并在美國(guó)參議院委員會(huì)(他西裝革履)就該行業(yè)作證。他甚至為邁阿密熱火隊(duì)(Miami Heat)的籃球館簽訂了一份價(jià)值1.35億美元的FTX冠名權(quán)協(xié)議,。與此同時(shí),趙長(zhǎng)鵬的中國(guó)血統(tǒng)使他更難在華盛頓找到盟友,。
對(duì)于加密貨幣觀察人士來(lái)說(shuō),,過(guò)去一周令人暈眩的經(jīng)歷之一就是目睹了這兩位巨頭的角色調(diào)轉(zhuǎn),其轉(zhuǎn)變可謂翻天覆地,,而他們的行為導(dǎo)致了這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的發(fā)生,。澳大利亞數(shù)字財(cái)富管理公司Zerocap的首席投資官喬恩·德·韋特于11月13日對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我們剛剛經(jīng)歷了一件大事。 這是加密貨幣面臨全球金融危機(jī)的時(shí)刻,?!?/p>
事情始于11月2日,當(dāng)時(shí)加密貨幣新聞網(wǎng)站CoinDesk披露,,班克曼-弗里德的交易公司Alameda Research的146億美元資產(chǎn)中,,有很大一部分是FTX自己的加密代幣FTT。這促使趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特(Twitter)上向770萬(wàn)粉絲宣布,,幣安將出售所有的FTT代幣,,引發(fā)客戶取現(xiàn)超過(guò)50億美元。到了11月8日,,班克曼-弗里德無(wú)法滿足客戶的提款需求,,于是打電話給趙長(zhǎng)鵬求助。趙長(zhǎng)鵬提出讓幣安以超低價(jià)收購(gòu)FTX來(lái)救助FTX,。僅僅一天后,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特上寫道:“由于公司的盡職調(diào)查”,他放棄了這項(xiàng)協(xié)議,。
這不是兩人的命運(yùn)第一次交織在一起,。SBF比幣安晚兩年推出FTX,業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展迅速,,穩(wěn)步擠占幣安的主導(dǎo)地位,。幣安投資了FTX,在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合,趙長(zhǎng)鵬稱贊FTX的快速增長(zhǎng)對(duì)行業(yè)有利,。但據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times)援引的消息來(lái)源稱,,據(jù)報(bào)道,班克曼-弗里德在華盛頓的私人會(huì)議上煽風(fēng)點(diǎn)火,,助長(zhǎng)了權(quán)貴人士對(duì)趙長(zhǎng)鵬的懷疑,。
敗北后,SBF本周向《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》承認(rèn),,唱衰對(duì)手——最終他迫切需要對(duì)手的幫助——“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是明智的戰(zhàn)略舉措,。”這一決裂令人痛苦,。幣安在拋售了所持的大部分FTX股票后,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬冷冷地在推特上寫道:“我們不會(huì)在離婚后假裝做愛(ài)?!盕TX岌岌可危,。
“算你狠,你贏了”
投資者在事件發(fā)生后陷入困境,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬加緊鞏固自己業(yè)內(nèi)成年人的地位,。11月11日,在巴厘島舉行的印度尼西亞技術(shù)峰會(huì)(Indonesia Tech Summit)上,,他對(duì)座無(wú)虛席的觀眾說(shuō),,該行業(yè)“基本上倒退了幾年”,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,,它將變得更強(qiáng)大,,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者更少,更可靠——雖然趙長(zhǎng)鵬沒(méi)有明說(shuō),,但言下之意是幣安很可能成為業(yè)界的領(lǐng)軍企業(yè),。
但SBF并不是趙長(zhǎng)鵬唯一的詆毀者。在11月16日的阿布扎比金融周(Abu Dhabi Finance Week)上,,著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,、Nouriel Macro Associates的首席執(zhí)行官努里埃爾·魯比尼稱幣安的首席執(zhí)行官是“一枚行走的定時(shí)炸彈”,應(yīng)該被驅(qū)逐出他在迪拜的總部,,并稱加密貨幣是“一個(gè)完全腐敗的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”,。他后來(lái)在推特上說(shuō),幣安允許“在他們不法平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行各種骯臟的交易”,。
11月13日,,趙長(zhǎng)鵬在推特上發(fā)起了一只加密貨幣行業(yè)復(fù)蘇基金——顯然是由他自己主導(dǎo)的——以保護(hù)投資者免受像FTX垮臺(tái)這樣的打擊,并呼吁其他人加入,。此外,,他告訴推特空間的聽(tīng)眾,,他正“試圖在加密貨幣領(lǐng)域組建一個(gè)全球行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)”,該協(xié)會(huì)將分享公司的儲(chǔ)備金證明,,并提高“透明度”,。
幣安的首席執(zhí)行官堅(jiān)稱,他沒(méi)有在背后操縱,,從而造成FTX垮臺(tái),。趙長(zhǎng)鵬于11月14日在推特空間上說(shuō):“我為自己造成的任何動(dòng)蕩道歉。即使是我,,在薩姆打電話給我之前,,我也不知道他們已經(jīng)破產(chǎn)了?!卑嗫寺?弗里德似乎并不買賬,。11月11日,他在推特上抨擊自己的“對(duì)手”說(shuō):“算你狠,,你贏了,。”
“非常執(zhí)著”
趙長(zhǎng)鵬稱自己“骨子里是個(gè)技術(shù)人員,,不善于交際?!彪S著加密貨幣市場(chǎng)的升溫,,他以100萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格賣掉了在中國(guó)上海的公寓,并在2017年用這筆錢創(chuàng)辦了幣安,。
他的密友們很難理解他的想法,,但都姑且信了他。上海風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資家,、趙長(zhǎng)鵬以前在上海的牌友之一朱大明(音譯)今年早些時(shí)候告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,,2017年,他向趙長(zhǎng)鵬的加密貨幣初創(chuàng)公司投資了100萬(wàn)元人民幣(約合14.1萬(wàn)美元),,現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)為這是“我做過(guò)的最好的投資”,。然而,他說(shuō),,當(dāng)時(shí)趙長(zhǎng)鵬的朋友們對(duì)加密貨幣一無(wú)所知,。“我們都不明白他在做什么,?!彼f(shuō),“但他非常執(zhí)著,?!?/p>
正是憑借這樣的持之以恒精神,他才能夠安然度過(guò)加密貨幣的動(dòng)蕩時(shí)期。他敏銳地意識(shí)到,,F(xiàn)TX的垮臺(tái)——他在其中扮演了核心角色——已經(jīng)破壞了投資者對(duì)加密貨幣的信任,,也許這種情況還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。他在11月14日的推特空間會(huì)議上說(shuō),,這是不公平的,。他抱怨媒體在班克曼-弗里德隕落后嘲弄所有的加密貨幣高管,并將其與媒體對(duì)伯納德-麥道夫的對(duì)沖基金龐氏騙局的報(bào)道進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,,后者被描述為“只是他自己的問(wèn)題,,而不是整個(gè)行業(yè)的問(wèn)題”。
重建對(duì)該行業(yè)的信任將是趙長(zhǎng)鵬的緊迫任務(wù),。但是,,要贏回投資者的信任,很可能意味著放棄加密貨幣自由放任,、不受監(jiān)管的狀況——到目前為止,,他已經(jīng)從中獲得巨額利益。上周他承諾,,幣安將開(kāi)始發(fā)布其“儲(chǔ)備金證明”,,并呼吁其他公司也這樣做。他還沒(méi)有這樣做,,但在另一項(xiàng)彰顯透明度的舉措中,,幣安確實(shí)發(fā)布了幣安橋(Binance Bridge)掛鉤代幣的抵押證明。
他試圖進(jìn)入SBF留下的真空地帶,,將自己塑造成明智的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,,但投資者是否會(huì)被說(shuō)服還有待觀察?!拔覀儾话哑渌灰姿暈楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。”他于11月14日在推特空間上說(shuō),?!皩?duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),我們更專注于行業(yè)發(fā)展,?!?/p>
也許這是真的。但有一點(diǎn)似乎很清楚:FTX的失對(duì)幣安來(lái)說(shuō)是得——趙長(zhǎng)鵬這個(gè)角斗士站在對(duì)手血淋淋的尸體上,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
The man sipping espresso in a posh London hotel looked like any high-flying executive, in his dark suit, iPhone at the ready. It was a far cry from the trademark look of Changpeng Zhao, CEO and cofounder of the world’s biggest crypto exchange, Binance: sneakers and a black hoodie.
The makeover was necessary, Zhao explained over breakfast with Fortune earlier this year, because he was headed to a day of meetings and a cheese-and-wine reception with British lawmakers and business leaders, in a country where Binance was under scrutiny and legally barred from soliciting clients. Then Zhao, or CZ as he’s commonly known, pushed up his shirt sleeve to show the Binance logo tattooed on his right forearm: He was still a rebel at heart.
As of last week, you can add another description to Zhao’s complicated public persona: FTX killer.
Amid the implosion of Sam Bankman-Fried’s crypto exchange, Zhao has emerged as the one true victor for now—a spectacular turn of events in under two weeks. FTX’s epic collapse sent the wealth of its founder and CEO—Zhao’s archrival—into free fall as $15.5 billion of Bankman-Fried’s wealth evaporated in days. Countless FTX investors and customers have little hope of recovering their funds soon, if ever. On November 11, FTX declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and it is possible that SBF (to use Bankman-Fried’s moniker) could do prison time in the U.S. for committing wire fraud, if authorities find that he used customers’ money to plug his ballooning corporate debts.
Contrast that to Zhao. Binance’s chief executive is now worth an estimated $17.7 billion (down from $77 billion in March, thanks to the crypto market’s drubbing in the months since). With FTX obliterated, Zhao’s five-year-old company has for the moment crushed its closest competitor, trading about $13.56 billion of coins and tokens in the latest 24-hour period, in comparison with FTX’s zero.
No heroes in crypto
In every gladiator war, a bloodied loser is left trampled on the ground. But this battle has brought a drastic role reversal that is perhaps even more important to Zhao than eclipsing his key rival and business threat.
Until this month, SBF, 30, had cast himself as the responsible straight shooter within crypto’s Wild West, cultivating ties with politicians and philanthropists, and bailing out troubled competitors. Raised in China and Canada, Zhao, 45, has seemed an enigmatic outsider to many business leaders, at least in the U.S. He has few deep ties there, and his trading business has regularly been suspected of failing to block sanctioned companies.
Now the FTX blowout has handed CZ a rare gift: the chance to reframe himself as the leader the industry needs in order to dig itself out of the morass.
For years, Binance has been under investigation in multiple countries, including the U.S., with authorities accusing it of failing to stop users from laundering money on its platform, failing to establish a fixed operational headquarters, and skirting sanctions laws. Reuters reported earlier this month that Binance has processed about $7.8 billion in Iranian-bought crypto since 2018. The Paris arbitration lawyer Aija Lejniece, who represents Binance users suing the company over a site outage, told Fortune earlier this year she believed CZ used “jurisdiction-hopping” as a strategy to shield the company from legal accountability. CZ told a live Twitter Spaces session on November 14 that he had set up “multiple headquarters and offices,” the main ones in Dubai and Paris, “but in a global operational sense we use a distributed workforce.”
A relationship gone sour
Bankman-Fried was a perfect foil to CZ. At one time, the crypto titans were reportedly friends and confidantes, which added an element of Shakespearian betrayal to the recent drama between the two. (CZ appeared on?Fortune’s cover last April, and SBF was on the August cover.)
Until the FTX collapse, SBF stood out from the crowd of libertarian, tech-obsessed crypto types. Gregarious and politically progressive, he came across as the nerdy-but-nice guy from your college dorm, with a shambolic mop of curls, and baggy shorts and T-shirts as his business attire. He is the son of two Stanford law professors and was raised in the heart of Silicon Valley, then graduated from MIT with a degree in physics. He ran FTX out of a group penthouse in tax-haven Bahamas—a detail deemed colorful, rather than alarming, until this month.
SBF was also a regular in Washington, where he hobnobbed with lawmakers and high-level officials. Bankman-Fried became one of the Democratic Party’s biggest donors, and testified before Senate committees (in jacket and tie) about the industry. He even inked a $135 million FTX naming rights deal for the Miami Heat’s basketball arena. Meanwhile, Zhao’s Chinese heritage made it harder for him to find allies in Washington.
To crypto watchers, one of the many dizzying experiences of the past week has been witnessing the drastic switch-around of two titans whose actions led to the meltdown. “It is a massive thing we have just had,” Jon de Wet, chief investment officer at the Australian digital wealth manager Zerocap, told Fortune on November 13. “This is the global financial crisis moment for crypto.”
It began Nov. 2, when the crypto news site CoinDesk revealed that much of the $14.6 billion in assets at Bankman-Fried’s trading company Alameda Research was comprised of FTX’s own crypto token, FTT. That prompted CZ to announce on Twitter, to his 7.7 million followers, that Binance it would sell all its FTT tokens, sparking a run on FTX of more than $5 billion. By Nov. 8, Bankman-Fried had no way to cover customers’ withdrawal orders, and called Zhao for help. Zhao offered to have Binance bail out FTX through a fire-sale purchase deal. Just one day later, Zhao walked away from the arrangement, “as a result of corporate due diligence,” he tweeted.
It was not the first time the two men’s fates were intertwined. Launching FTX two years after Binance, SBF’s business rocketed fast, steadily muscling in on CZ’s dominance. Binance invested in FTX, and in public, CZ hailed FTX’s rapid growth as good for the industry. But behind closed doors, Bankman-Fried reportedly fueled suspicions about CZ in private meetings in Washington, according to sources cited by the New York Times.
Vanquished, SBF admitted to the Times this week that badmouthing his rival—whose help he desperately needed in the end—”was not a good strategic move on my part.” It was a bitter breakup. After dumping a big portion of Binance’s FTX holdings, CZ tweeted?coldly: “We won’t pretend to make love after divorce.” FTX was as good as dead.
“Well played; you won”
With investors reeling in the aftermath, Zhao has raced to cement his role as the industry’s adult in the room. He told a packed audience at the Indonesia Tech Summit in Bali on November 11 that the industry has been “set back basically a few years,” but that it would emerge stronger in the long run, with fewer, more responsible players—presumably, though CZ did not state it, with Binance as top dog.
But SBF is not CZ’s only detractor. At the Abu Dhabi Finance Week on November 16, the prominent economist Nouriel Roubini, CEO of Nouriel Macro Associates, called the Binance chief exec “a walking time bomb” who should be expelled from his Dubai base, and said crypto was “an ecosystem that is totally corrupt.” He later tweeted that Binance had allowed “every sleazy activity to occur on their shady platform.”
On November 13, CZ tweeted he was launching a crypto industry recovery fund—apparently led by himself—to protect investors from blowouts like FTX, and called on others to join his effort. In addition, he told the Twitter Spaces audience that he was “trying to form a global industry association in the crypto space,” which would share companies’ proof of reserves, and enhance “transparency.”
Binance’s chief insists he did not manipulate FTX’s downfall. “I apologize for any turmoil I caused,” CZ said on November 14 on Twitter Spaces. “Even me, I didn’t know they were that insolvent until Sam called me.” Bankman-Fried does not seem to buy that. On Twitter on November 11, he lashed out at his “sparring partner” saying: “Well played; you won.”
“Very persistent”
CZ describes himself as “a tech guy at heart, and not good at relationships.” Watching the crypto market heat up, he sold his Shanghai apartment for $1 million and poured the money into launching Binance in 2017.
His close friends barely grasped his idea, but gave him the benefit of the doubt. Daming Zhu, a Shanghai venture capitalist and one of Zhao’s former poker buddies in that city, told Fortune earlier this year that he plowed a million renminbi (about $141,000) into his friend’s crypto startup in 2017, and now regards it as “the best investment I ever made.” At the time, however, he says Zhao’s friends knew nothing about crypto. “None of us understood what he was doing,” he said, “but he was very persistent.”
CZ will need that persistence to ride out crypto’s gyrations. He is keenly aware that FTX’s downfall—in which he had a central part—has shattered investors’ trust in crypto, perhaps for some time. That, he said on the Twitter Spaces session on November 14, is unfair. He complained that media outlets have pilloried all crypto executives in the wake of Bankman-Fried’s collapse—and he drew a contrast to their coverage of Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi-scheme hedge fund, which was cast as being “just his own problem, not the industry’s problem.”
Rebuilding trust in the industry will be Zhao’s urgent task. But winning back investors’ trust could well mean relinquishing crypto’s freewheeling, unregulated status—from which he has hugely benefited until now. Last week he promised that Binance will start releasing its “proof of reserves” and called upon others to do the same. He has yet to do so, but in another move to show transparency, Binance did release proof of collateral for its Binance Bridge pegged tokens.
As he tries to step into the vacuum left by SBF, casting himself as the wise leader, it remains to be seen whether investors will be convinced. “We don’t regard other exchanges as competitors,” he said on Twitter Spaces on November 14. “For us, we are more focused on growing the industry.”
Perhaps that is true. But one thing seems clear: FTX’s obliteration is Binance’s gain—with Zhao the gladiator standing atop its bloodied corpse.