如果你收到公司通知,,成為了大規(guī)模裁員的對(duì)象之一,,那么你就有必要立即制定計(jì)劃,為下崗之后即將出現(xiàn)的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變化做好準(zhǔn)備,。
被裁之后在資金管理方面應(yīng)注意的五件事情
根據(jù)《職工調(diào)整與再培訓(xùn)通知法》(Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act),,某些公司,比如員工規(guī)模超過100名的公司,,如果其員工的工作會(huì)因?yàn)榇笠?guī)模裁員或工廠關(guān)閉而受到影響,,則至少應(yīng)該提前60天告知員工。提前告知的初衷便是讓員工能夠有時(shí)間做好失業(yè)期間個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)方面的準(zhǔn)備,。
失業(yè)后,,管理自身資金的一些最佳方式包括:聯(lián)系公司人力資源部門,索要可行的遣散費(fèi)方案,;申請(qǐng)失業(yè)救助,,以補(bǔ)充自己的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄金;以及制定保險(xiǎn)和401(K)計(jì)劃應(yīng)對(duì)策略,。人們還有必要評(píng)估當(dāng)前的開支習(xí)慣,,并在顆粒無收之時(shí)削減不必要的開支。
聯(lián)系人力資源部門
當(dāng)你成為裁員對(duì)象之后,,你的雇主會(huì)通知你是否有資格獲得遣散補(bǔ)償方案,,該方案會(huì)列出解聘的資金補(bǔ)償條款,包括按照員工被裁之前在該公司工作年限計(jì)算的遣散費(fèi)和福利,,還可能包括未使用的帶薪假期或員工尋找新工作的補(bǔ)貼,。
大多數(shù)雇員并沒有意識(shí)到,遣散補(bǔ)償方案與聘用方案一樣,,都是可以協(xié)商的,。例如,如果你認(rèn)為自己的應(yīng)得補(bǔ)償高于公司提供的補(bǔ)償,,你也能夠要求公司提高補(bǔ)償,。你的雇主可以同意你的要求,也能夠讓公司按照最初的方案金額發(fā)放,。
在接受之前,,人們有必要認(rèn)真地審核其遣散補(bǔ)償方案,并了解其條款,。接受遣散補(bǔ)償協(xié)議可能意味著放棄以不當(dāng)解聘為由起訴公司,,或申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)。通常,,人們?cè)诮邮軈f(xié)議之前有21天的考慮期,。
值得一提的是,,沒有聯(lián)邦或州法律要求雇主給雇員提供遣散補(bǔ)償,除非員工加入了工會(huì),,或員工的聘用合同中列明了這一點(diǎn),。
申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)
在失業(yè)之后,失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)可以在你尋找新工作時(shí)幫助補(bǔ)充你的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄,。你所在的州可能需要數(shù)周的時(shí)間來批準(zhǔn)你的申請(qǐng),,因此,人們有必要在得知即將失業(yè)之時(shí)盡快申請(qǐng)?jiān)摫kU(xiǎn),。
失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的資質(zhì)要求和申請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)時(shí)限會(huì)根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人所在州的不同而發(fā)生變化,,但各州往往對(duì)員工在某個(gè)公司的工作年限或收入金額有最低要求。你所在的州可能會(huì)使用這一信息來計(jì)算你的應(yīng)得福利,。
大多數(shù)州會(huì)提供高達(dá)26周的失業(yè)金,,并要求希望繼續(xù)獲取失業(yè)金的人每周進(jìn)行申報(bào)。一些州還可能會(huì)提出額外的資質(zhì)要求,,包括在領(lǐng)取補(bǔ)助時(shí)積極尋找新工作,。因此,在申請(qǐng)之前請(qǐng)了解所在州的申領(lǐng)資質(zhì)要求,。
更新保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃
如果你的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃是由雇主代繳的,,那么你的保險(xiǎn)福利通常在被裁后就會(huì)終止。
作為應(yīng)對(duì)舉措,,聯(lián)邦政府出臺(tái)了《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》(Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act),在員工被裁之后限時(shí)延長員工獲取前雇主醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的時(shí)限,,通常最多延長36個(gè)月,。然而,按照《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》,,下崗員工需要支付一筆保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用,,并另行支付2%的管理費(fèi),才有資格獲取保險(xiǎn),,其價(jià)格通常高于普通的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃,。
如果不愿意為了延長當(dāng)前的保險(xiǎn)而支付高額費(fèi)用,那么人們可能就有資格使用《平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案》(Affordable Care Act)提供的保險(xiǎn),,該法案征收的保費(fèi)更低,,通常以收入水平為基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算。如果失業(yè)員工不滿26歲,,還可以使用配偶或父母的保險(xiǎn),。
評(píng)估401(k)計(jì)劃
在失業(yè)之后評(píng)估如何處理401(K)計(jì)劃時(shí),有多個(gè)做法能夠考慮,,包括將資金留在當(dāng)前計(jì)劃,,將你的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主或個(gè)人退休賬戶,,或全部取現(xiàn)。不同的選擇可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生額外的稅賦,。
維持當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃:如果你的401(K)計(jì)劃賬戶中的金額達(dá)到了5,000美元或以上,,你就可以將資金留在當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃。即便你獲準(zhǔn)保留該計(jì)劃,,但你在72歲之前將無法再繳納或提取資金,。等到了72歲,無論你是在工作還是退休,,你都得從計(jì)劃中領(lǐng)取最低的分配額。
這意味著,,如果你希望繼續(xù)在退休前往里面存錢,,你就必須開設(shè)新的401(K)計(jì)劃或個(gè)人退休賬戶。此外,,如果在下崗后出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張的狀況,,你將無法使用你的退休儲(chǔ)蓄金,。
將計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主:如果你在下崗后找到了新工作,那么你就能夠以相對(duì)簡單的方式,,通過聯(lián)系此前計(jì)劃的管理方,并完成要求的手續(xù),,將前雇主的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主的計(jì)劃,,Mountain Wealth Planning的注冊(cè)金融策劃師艾米·濱崎說道,。
需要注意的是,你的新401(K)計(jì)劃可能擁有不同的規(guī)則,、投資選項(xiàng)和費(fèi)用,。在決定轉(zhuǎn)存資金之前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真評(píng)估新雇主的計(jì)劃,,以確保它可以符合你的投資需求。
將你的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至個(gè)人退休賬戶:如果你并不希望使用新雇主的401(K)計(jì)劃,,或新雇主并不提供類似計(jì)劃,那么你就能夠通過聯(lián)系你的前計(jì)劃管理機(jī)構(gòu),,并要求它們將資金支付給個(gè)人退休賬戶管理機(jī)構(gòu),,從而將退休儲(chǔ)蓄金轉(zhuǎn)移至個(gè)人退休賬戶。
你可以選擇羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶(Roth IRA)和傳統(tǒng)個(gè)人退休賬戶,,但此舉可能會(huì)帶來額外的稅賦,。例如,,如果你的退休儲(chǔ)蓄金在傳統(tǒng)的401(K)計(jì)劃中屬于延遲納稅,那么轉(zhuǎn)存至羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶將被視作應(yīng)稅行為,。
直接取現(xiàn):如果你沒有應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄金,而且馬上需要使用現(xiàn)金,,你也能夠把錢從你的401(K)計(jì)劃中取出來,。然而,,這應(yīng)該作為你在評(píng)估其他方法之后的最后一個(gè)手段,,因?yàn)槟惚仨氈Ц镀胀ㄊ杖胨枚?,而且如果你的歲數(shù)沒有達(dá)到59.5歲,還得額外支付10%的提前取現(xiàn)罰金,。
你還會(huì)損失資金原本在投資退休賬戶過程中累積的所有復(fù)利,,而且從長期來看會(huì)對(duì)你的整個(gè)退休儲(chǔ)蓄金帶來負(fù)面影響,。濱崎稱:“在將401(K)計(jì)劃變現(xiàn)之后,要達(dá)到此前水平所需的時(shí)間要長得多,?!?/p>
削減開支
制定簡單的預(yù)算并貫徹執(zhí)行。如果你在被裁后依靠應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄或可變收益來維持生活,,你就應(yīng)該評(píng)估自己的開支,,并將其分為三個(gè)大類,,以幫助削減不必要的開支,。
必需項(xiàng):很大一部分預(yù)算應(yīng)該被用于支付賬單,,包括你的抵押貸款或租金支付,、水電費(fèi),、食物、燃油,、最低還款額以及保險(xiǎn)。這其中還包括學(xué)生貸款還款,,但目前已經(jīng)暫停,,可以延期至2023年6月30日。
換句話說,,你的必需項(xiàng)包括每個(gè)月的固定支出,。這些支出應(yīng)該成為你的首要考慮事項(xiàng),尤其是在資金有限的情況下,。
個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng):預(yù)算的一小部分能夠用于購買你想要購買的物品,比如在假日期間回家探望家人,,或者購買新服裝參加工作面試,。然而,,如果你近期成為了被裁對(duì)象,則應(yīng)該減少自己以往在自由支配開支方面的花費(fèi),。
濱崎表示:“我們首先必須考慮支付固定支出,因?yàn)樵谑I(yè)后,,人們真的得勒緊褲腰帶過日子,?!边@可能意味著在家做飯而不是去豪華餐廳,,或者重新調(diào)整自己的假日購物計(jì)劃。
儲(chǔ)蓄和償還債務(wù):如果手頭沒有潛在的新工作,,人們可能就得一邊找新工作,,一邊延長應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄的使用時(shí)間。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況,,則應(yīng)該把手頭所有剩余資金放回儲(chǔ)蓄中,,以供今后使用,。此外,如果你有信用卡或消費(fèi)貸債務(wù),,不妨在最低還款額的基礎(chǔ)上償還更多的資金,,以降低利息費(fèi)用,。
如果預(yù)算允許,不妨考慮采用50/30/20準(zhǔn)則,,也就是將50%的稅后收入用于必需項(xiàng)開支,,將30%用于個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng),,20%用于儲(chǔ)蓄或減債。
例如,,如果你的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄可以應(yīng)付6個(gè)月的開支,每個(gè)月共計(jì)花費(fèi)4,000美元,。則應(yīng)把2,000美元用于固定支出,,1,200美元用于個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng),800美元用于儲(chǔ)蓄或減債,。
要點(diǎn)
如果雇主提前通知你,,你的工作會(huì)受到大規(guī)模裁員的影響,那么你就有必要立即制定財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃,,以便為失業(yè)帶來的各種變化做好準(zhǔn)備,。
充分評(píng)估你的遣散補(bǔ)償方案,不要害怕協(xié)商相關(guān)條款,,比如根據(jù)《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》要求對(duì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)福利進(jìn)行延期,,以避免支付高昂保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。如果你的雇主并不提供遣散補(bǔ)償,,則能夠考慮申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn),,以滿足自身眼下的財(cái)務(wù)需求。
濱崎說:“很少有雇主希望其員工與其商討[遣散補(bǔ)償方案],。如果他們感到此舉將讓其陷入不利的境地,,不管是法律責(zé)任還是因?yàn)槟愕谋黄入x職感到后悔,,那么你就會(huì)擁有更大的話語權(quán)和協(xié)商余地?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
2022年,為了應(yīng)對(duì)創(chuàng)數(shù)十年來新高的通脹率以及隨即可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,,科技和媒體行業(yè)的多家巨頭,例如推特(Twitter),、Meta和微軟(Microsoft),,均宣布了大規(guī)模的裁員計(jì)劃。包括食品,、交通和零售在內(nèi)的其他行業(yè)則相繼效仿,員工也開始擔(dān)心自己的工作是否會(huì)受到影響,。
如果你收到公司通知,,成為了大規(guī)模裁員的對(duì)象之一,,那么你就有必要立即制定計(jì)劃,,為下崗之后即將出現(xiàn)的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變化做好準(zhǔn)備。
被裁之后在資金管理方面應(yīng)注意的五件事情
根據(jù)《職工調(diào)整與再培訓(xùn)通知法》(Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act),,某些公司,比如員工規(guī)模超過100名的公司,,如果其員工的工作會(huì)因?yàn)榇笠?guī)模裁員或工廠關(guān)閉而受到影響,則至少應(yīng)該提前60天告知員工,。提前告知的初衷便是讓員工能夠有時(shí)間做好失業(yè)期間個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)方面的準(zhǔn)備,。
失業(yè)后,管理自身資金的一些最佳方式包括:聯(lián)系公司人力資源部門,,索要可行的遣散費(fèi)方案,;申請(qǐng)失業(yè)救助,,以補(bǔ)充自己的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄金,;以及制定保險(xiǎn)和401(K)計(jì)劃應(yīng)對(duì)策略,。人們還有必要評(píng)估當(dāng)前的開支習(xí)慣,,并在顆粒無收之時(shí)削減不必要的開支。
聯(lián)系人力資源部門
當(dāng)你成為裁員對(duì)象之后,,你的雇主會(huì)通知你是否有資格獲得遣散補(bǔ)償方案,,該方案會(huì)列出解聘的資金補(bǔ)償條款,,包括按照員工被裁之前在該公司工作年限計(jì)算的遣散費(fèi)和福利,,還可能包括未使用的帶薪假期或員工尋找新工作的補(bǔ)貼,。
大多數(shù)雇員并沒有意識(shí)到,,遣散補(bǔ)償方案與聘用方案一樣,都是可以協(xié)商的,。例如,如果你認(rèn)為自己的應(yīng)得補(bǔ)償高于公司提供的補(bǔ)償,,你也能夠要求公司提高補(bǔ)償,。你的雇主可以同意你的要求,也能夠讓公司按照最初的方案金額發(fā)放,。
在接受之前,,人們有必要認(rèn)真地審核其遣散補(bǔ)償方案,,并了解其條款。接受遣散補(bǔ)償協(xié)議可能意味著放棄以不當(dāng)解聘為由起訴公司,,或申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn),。通常,,人們?cè)诮邮軈f(xié)議之前有21天的考慮期,。
值得一提的是,,沒有聯(lián)邦或州法律要求雇主給雇員提供遣散補(bǔ)償,,除非員工加入了工會(huì),或員工的聘用合同中列明了這一點(diǎn),。
申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)
在失業(yè)之后,,失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)可以在你尋找新工作時(shí)幫助補(bǔ)充你的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄,。你所在的州可能需要數(shù)周的時(shí)間來批準(zhǔn)你的申請(qǐng),,因此,,人們有必要在得知即將失業(yè)之時(shí)盡快申請(qǐng)?jiān)摫kU(xiǎn),。
失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的資質(zhì)要求和申請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)時(shí)限會(huì)根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人所在州的不同而發(fā)生變化,,但各州往往對(duì)員工在某個(gè)公司的工作年限或收入金額有最低要求,。你所在的州可能會(huì)使用這一信息來計(jì)算你的應(yīng)得福利,。
大多數(shù)州會(huì)提供高達(dá)26周的失業(yè)金,并要求希望繼續(xù)獲取失業(yè)金的人每周進(jìn)行申報(bào),。一些州還可能會(huì)提出額外的資質(zhì)要求,,包括在領(lǐng)取補(bǔ)助時(shí)積極尋找新工作,。因此,,在申請(qǐng)之前請(qǐng)了解所在州的申領(lǐng)資質(zhì)要求,。
更新保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃
如果你的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃是由雇主代繳的,,那么你的保險(xiǎn)福利通常在被裁后就會(huì)終止。
作為應(yīng)對(duì)舉措,,聯(lián)邦政府出臺(tái)了《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》(Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act),在員工被裁之后限時(shí)延長員工獲取前雇主醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的時(shí)限,,通常最多延長36個(gè)月。然而,,按照《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》,,下崗員工需要支付一筆保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用,并另行支付2%的管理費(fèi),,才有資格獲取保險(xiǎn),,其價(jià)格通常高于普通的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃,。
如果不愿意為了延長當(dāng)前的保險(xiǎn)而支付高額費(fèi)用,那么人們可能就有資格使用《平價(jià)醫(yī)療法案》(Affordable Care Act)提供的保險(xiǎn),,該法案征收的保費(fèi)更低,通常以收入水平為基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算,。如果失業(yè)員工不滿26歲,,還可以使用配偶或父母的保險(xiǎn)。
評(píng)估401(k)計(jì)劃
在失業(yè)之后評(píng)估如何處理401(K)計(jì)劃時(shí),,有多個(gè)做法能夠考慮,包括將資金留在當(dāng)前計(jì)劃,,將你的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主或個(gè)人退休賬戶,,或全部取現(xiàn),。不同的選擇可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生額外的稅賦,。
維持當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃:如果你的401(K)計(jì)劃賬戶中的金額達(dá)到了5,000美元或以上,,你就可以將資金留在當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃。即便你獲準(zhǔn)保留該計(jì)劃,,但你在72歲之前將無法再繳納或提取資金,。等到了72歲,,無論你是在工作還是退休,你都得從計(jì)劃中領(lǐng)取最低的分配額,。
這意味著,,如果你希望繼續(xù)在退休前往里面存錢,,你就必須開設(shè)新的401(K)計(jì)劃或個(gè)人退休賬戶。此外,,如果在下崗后出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張的狀況,,你將無法使用你的退休儲(chǔ)蓄金。
將計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主:如果你在下崗后找到了新工作,,那么你就能夠以相對(duì)簡單的方式,,通過聯(lián)系此前計(jì)劃的管理方,并完成要求的手續(xù),,將前雇主的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至新雇主的計(jì)劃,,Mountain Wealth Planning的注冊(cè)金融策劃師艾米·濱崎說道,。
需要注意的是,,你的新401(K)計(jì)劃可能擁有不同的規(guī)則、投資選項(xiàng)和費(fèi)用,。在決定轉(zhuǎn)存資金之前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真評(píng)估新雇主的計(jì)劃,,以確保它可以符合你的投資需求。
將你的計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)存至個(gè)人退休賬戶:如果你并不希望使用新雇主的401(K)計(jì)劃,,或新雇主并不提供類似計(jì)劃,,那么你就能夠通過聯(lián)系你的前計(jì)劃管理機(jī)構(gòu),,并要求它們將資金支付給個(gè)人退休賬戶管理機(jī)構(gòu),,從而將退休儲(chǔ)蓄金轉(zhuǎn)移至個(gè)人退休賬戶,。
你可以選擇羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶(Roth IRA)和傳統(tǒng)個(gè)人退休賬戶,但此舉可能會(huì)帶來額外的稅賦,。例如,如果你的退休儲(chǔ)蓄金在傳統(tǒng)的401(K)計(jì)劃中屬于延遲納稅,,那么轉(zhuǎn)存至羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶將被視作應(yīng)稅行為,。
直接取現(xiàn):如果你沒有應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄金,而且馬上需要使用現(xiàn)金,,你也能夠把錢從你的401(K)計(jì)劃中取出來,。然而,這應(yīng)該作為你在評(píng)估其他方法之后的最后一個(gè)手段,,因?yàn)槟惚仨氈Ц镀胀ㄊ杖胨枚?,而且如果你的歲數(shù)沒有達(dá)到59.5歲,還得額外支付10%的提前取現(xiàn)罰金,。
你還會(huì)損失資金原本在投資退休賬戶過程中累積的所有復(fù)利,,而且從長期來看會(huì)對(duì)你的整個(gè)退休儲(chǔ)蓄金帶來負(fù)面影響。濱崎稱:“在將401(K)計(jì)劃變現(xiàn)之后,,要達(dá)到此前水平所需的時(shí)間要長得多?!?/p>
削減開支
制定簡單的預(yù)算并貫徹執(zhí)行。如果你在被裁后依靠應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄或可變收益來維持生活,,你就應(yīng)該評(píng)估自己的開支,并將其分為三個(gè)大類,,以幫助削減不必要的開支。
必需項(xiàng):很大一部分預(yù)算應(yīng)該被用于支付賬單,,包括你的抵押貸款或租金支付、水電費(fèi),、食物、燃油,、最低還款額以及保險(xiǎn),。這其中還包括學(xué)生貸款還款,但目前已經(jīng)暫停,,可以延期至2023年6月30日,。
換句話說,,你的必需項(xiàng)包括每個(gè)月的固定支出,。這些支出應(yīng)該成為你的首要考慮事項(xiàng),,尤其是在資金有限的情況下。
個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng):預(yù)算的一小部分能夠用于購買你想要購買的物品,,比如在假日期間回家探望家人,或者購買新服裝參加工作面試,。然而,如果你近期成為了被裁對(duì)象,,則應(yīng)該減少自己以往在自由支配開支方面的花費(fèi),。
濱崎表示:“我們首先必須考慮支付固定支出,,因?yàn)樵谑I(yè)后,,人們真的得勒緊褲腰帶過日子,。”這可能意味著在家做飯而不是去豪華餐廳,,或者重新調(diào)整自己的假日購物計(jì)劃,。
儲(chǔ)蓄和償還債務(wù):如果手頭沒有潛在的新工作,,人們可能就得一邊找新工作,,一邊延長應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄的使用時(shí)間。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況,,則應(yīng)該把手頭所有剩余資金放回儲(chǔ)蓄中,,以供今后使用。此外,,如果你有信用卡或消費(fèi)貸債務(wù),,不妨在最低還款額的基礎(chǔ)上償還更多的資金,,以降低利息費(fèi)用。
如果預(yù)算允許,,不妨考慮采用50/30/20準(zhǔn)則,,也就是將50%的稅后收入用于必需項(xiàng)開支,將30%用于個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng),20%用于儲(chǔ)蓄或減債,。
例如,如果你的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)蓄可以應(yīng)付6個(gè)月的開支,,每個(gè)月共計(jì)花費(fèi)4,000美元,。則應(yīng)把2,000美元用于固定支出,1,200美元用于個(gè)人喜好項(xiàng),,800美元用于儲(chǔ)蓄或減債,。
要點(diǎn)
如果雇主提前通知你,,你的工作會(huì)受到大規(guī)模裁員的影響,那么你就有必要立即制定財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃,,以便為失業(yè)帶來的各種變化做好準(zhǔn)備,。
充分評(píng)估你的遣散補(bǔ)償方案,不要害怕協(xié)商相關(guān)條款,,比如根據(jù)《統(tǒng)一綜合預(yù)算協(xié)調(diào)法案》要求對(duì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)福利進(jìn)行延期,以避免支付高昂保險(xiǎn)費(fèi),。如果你的雇主并不提供遣散補(bǔ)償,,則能夠考慮申請(qǐng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn),,以滿足自身眼下的財(cái)務(wù)需求。
濱崎說:“很少有雇主希望其員工與其商討[遣散補(bǔ)償方案],。如果他們感到此舉將讓其陷入不利的境地,不管是法律責(zé)任還是因?yàn)槟愕谋黄入x職感到后悔,,那么你就會(huì)擁有更大的話語權(quán)和協(xié)商余地,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
Several major corporations in tech and media industries, such as Twitter, Meta, and Microsoft, have announced massive layoffs in 2022 in response to decades-high inflation rates that hint toward the possibility of a recession. Other industries including food, transportation, and retail have followed suit, which leaves workers wondering if their role will be impacted.
If you were informed that your job is among those impacted by a mass layoff, it’s important to create a plan right away so you can prepare for the major financial changes that come with being laid off.
5 things to do with your money when you’re laid off
Certain businesses—such as those that employ 100-plus workers—are required to provide employees a minimum of 60 days’ notice that their role will be impacted by a mass layoff or plant closing under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act. The hope in providing advance notice is that employees have time to prepare themselves financially in the event they are unemployed for a period of time.
Some of the best ways to manage your money after a layoff include contacting your human resources department for available severance packages, filing for unemployment to supplement your emergency savings, and having a strategy for dealing with your insurance and 401(k) plans. It’s also important to review your current spending habits and cut back unnecessary purchases while you are without income.
Contact HR
When you are laid off, your employer will inform you whether you will be entitled to a severance package which outlines the financial terms of your termination. This generally includes severance pay and benefits based on how long you were employed by your company before you were laid off. It also may include unused paid time off or assistance in finding a new job.
Most employees are unaware that severance packages can be negotiated the same way an employment offer can be. For instance, if you believe you are entitled to a larger severance payment than your company is offering, you may make a request to increase the payout. Your employer has the option to agree to your offer or hold firm on the original payout amount.
It’s important to throroughly review your severance package and understand the terms of the agreement before accepting it. Accepting your severance agreement may waive your right to file a wrongful termination suit or file for unemployment insurance. Typically, you will have up to 21 days to accept the agreement.
It’s important to note that there is no federal or state law that requires employers to provide employees with a severance package—unless you belong to a union or your employment contract states otherwise.
File for unemployment insurance
If you are laid off, unemployment insurance can help supplement your emergency savings while you look for a new job. It may take up to several weeks for your state to approve your application, so it is important to apply as soon as possible once you know your role will be terminated.
Unemployment insurance eligibility requirements and application approval timelines vary depending on which state you reside in, but it is typical for states to require you to have worked for a minimum amount of time or made a minimum amount of income to qualify. Your state may also use this information to calculate how much benefit you qualify for.
Most states provide unemployment benefits for up to 26 weeks and require you to file a weekly claim to continue receiving payments. Some states may also have additional qualification requirements, including that you actively look for new employment while you receive the benefit. Review your state’s eligibility requirements before applying.
Update your insurance plans
If your insurance plans are through your employer, your insurance benefits typically end when you are laid off.
To combat this, the federal government created the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act?(COBRA) to provide extended access to your previous employer’s health care plan for a limited time after you are laid off, usually lasting up to 36 months. But, you are required to pay a premium and an additional 2% administrative fee to qualify for insurance under COBRA, which usually is more expensive than a typical insurance plan.
Instead of paying high fees to extend your current coverage, you may be eligible to enroll in coverage under the Affordable Care Act, which typically offers lower premiums based on your income level. You may also qualify for coverage under a spouse’s or parent’s plan—if you are under 26 years old.
Review your 401(k) plan
There are several options to consider when evaluating what to do with your 401(k) plan when you are laid off, including leaving the funds in your current plan, rolling your plan over to a new employer or IRA, or cashing out entirely. Depending on which you choose, there may be additional tax implications.
Stick with your current plan: If you have $5,000 or more in your 401(k) plan, you may be able to leave the funds in your current plan. Even though you are allowed to keep the plan, you will no longer be able to contribute or withdraw funds until you hit age 72, which is when you will be required to take minimum distributions from the plan regardless of your employment or retirement status.
This means you will have to open a new 401(k) plan or IRA if you want to continue saving toward retirement. Additionally, you will not be able to dip into your retirement savings if you face financial turmoil while you are laid off.
Roll over your plan to a new employer: If you find a new job after being laid off, you can roll over your previous employer’s plan into your new employer’s plan relatively easily by contacting your previous plan’s administrator and completing required paperwork, says Amy Hamasaki, certified financial planner at Mountain Wealth Planning.
It’s important to note that your new 401(k) plan may have different rules, investment options, and fees. Review your new employer’s plan thoroughly to ensure it aligns your investment needs before deciding to rollover your funds.
Roll over your plan to an IRA: If you don’t want to use your new employer’s 401(k) plan or it does not offer one, you can transfer your retirement savings into an IRA by contacting your previous plan’s administrator and requesting they disburse the funds to your IRA administrator.
You can choose between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA, but there may be additional tax consequences in doing so. For instance, if your retirement savings have been growing tax-deferred in your traditional 401(k) plan, a Roth IRA rollover would be considered a taxable event.
Cash out your plan: If you do not have an emergency savings built up and are in immediate need of cash, you may be able to cash out the funds from your 401(k). But this should be a last resort after evaluating other alternatives since you will be required to pay ordinary income taxes on the funds and an additional 10% early withdrawal penalty if you have not reached age 59?.
You also lose out on any compounding interest you would have accumulated if the funds remained invested in a retirement account and will adversely affect your overall retirement savings in the long run. “If you cash out of a 401(k), it is going to take you a lot longer to catch up to where you once were,” says Hamasaki.
Dial back on spending
Create a simple budget and stick to it. If you are living off your emergency savings or a variable income to support you following a layoff, you should review your expenses and break them down into three major categories to help you dial back on unnecessary spending.
Must-haves: A significant portion of your budget should be allocated to paying your bills, which include your mortgage or rent payments, utilities, food, gas, minimum loan payments, and insurance. This also includes student loan payments, which are currently on pause until no later than June 30, 2023.
In other words, your must-haves include your fixed expenses that you pay every month. These expenses should be your main priority, especially if you have limited funds.
Wants: A smaller portion of your budget may go toward paying for things you want, such as traveling home to visit your family during the holidays or purchasing a new outfit to attend a job interview. But you should reduce the amount you typically spend on discretionary expenses if you have recently been laid off.
“We’re really focusing on paying off the fixed expenses first because when the sky is falling down, you want to really tighten your belt a little bit,” says Hamasaki. This might mean eating in instead of going out to lavish restaurants or readjusting your holiday shopping plans.
Savings and paying off debt: If you do not have a job lined up, you may need to stretch your emergency savings to last a longer period of time while you search for a new role. If this is the case, it may be beneficial to put any excess back into your savings for a later date. Additionally, if you have credit card or consumer loan debt, you might want to make additional payments beyond your minimum payment to reduce interest charges.
If your budget allows, consider following the 50/30/20 rule, which allocates 50% of your after-tax income to must-have expenses, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings or paying down debt.
For instance, let’s say you have six months of expenses saved up in your emergency savings, totaling $4,000 per month. You should spend $2,000 on your fixed expenses, $1,200 on wants, and $800 on savings or paying down debt.
The takeaway
If your employer has given you advance notice that your job will be impacted by a mass layoff, it’s important to create a financial plan right away so you can be prepared for the changes that come along with losing your job.
Thoroughly review your severance package and don’t be afraid to negotiate the terms, such as requesting an extension of your health insurance benefits to avoid paying high premiums under COBRA. If your employer will not be providing severance pay, consider applying for unemployment insurance to meet your immediate financial needs.
“Not too many employers expect anyone to negotiate with them [on their severance package],” says Hamasaki. “But if they feel that this is putting them in a precarious situation, whether it’s a legal liability or they feel remorseful that they had to let you go, there could be more room for power and negotiation.”