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高盛預(yù)測(cè)2026年前美國(guó)房市將橫盤

LANCE LAMBERT
2023-07-22

高盛預(yù)測(cè),,未來(lái)四年美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)將受限,。

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2020年夏天,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了一些不合直覺(jué)的變化。盡管失業(yè)率仍然保持在兩位數(shù)高位,,但市場(chǎng)發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變,進(jìn)入繁榮期,。市場(chǎng)需求激增的直接原因是遠(yuǎn)程辦公引發(fā)人們對(duì)住房空間的需求增加,。值得注意的是,從2020年夏季到2022年,,因?yàn)閭€(gè)體希望從擁擠的合租環(huán)境中獨(dú)立出來(lái),,財(cái)務(wù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)的千禧一代開(kāi)始安排自己的獨(dú)立生活,導(dǎo)致住戶組成數(shù)比預(yù)期高220萬(wàn)。新冠疫情期間住房需求激增程度之高,,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)的研究人員估計(jì),,住房供應(yīng)需要驚人地增加300%,才能滿足這種高漲的住房需求,。

顯然,,住房供應(yīng)一直沒(méi)有跟上需求的上漲節(jié)奏,導(dǎo)致美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)熱,。凱斯-席勒全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)指數(shù)(Case-Shiller National Home Price Index)顯示,,從2020年3月到2022年6月,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)上漲了43.3%,。舊金山聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)的研究人員表示,,房?jī)r(jià)上漲有60%以上可以直接歸因于居家辦公政策引發(fā)的需求增加。

快進(jìn)到2023年,,抵押貸款利率的沖擊顯然抑制了過(guò)熱——?jiǎng)P斯-席勒指數(shù)顯示,,4月全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)仍然比2022年6月的峰值低2.4%——然而,市場(chǎng)并未出現(xiàn)大面積回調(diào),。房?jī)r(jià)漲幅絕大多數(shù)并未回落,,即便是在去年受到房地產(chǎn)調(diào)整重創(chuàng)的西部市場(chǎng)也是如此。

最近的房?jī)r(jià)企穩(wěn)是否表明,,將新冠疫情期間的房地產(chǎn)熱潮(Pandemic Housing Boom)帶來(lái)的部分收益變現(xiàn)的窗口已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,?此外,這種企穩(wěn)是否意味著全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)到正常增長(zhǎng)水平,?

為了解未來(lái)走向,,《財(cái)富》雜志研究了高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)在7月17日發(fā)布的最新經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)。

高盛集團(tuán)的模型預(yù)測(cè),,以凱斯-席勒指數(shù)衡量,,今后幾年美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)的漲幅將非常微弱:2023年為+1.3%,2024年為+1.7%,,2025年為+2.4%,,2025年為+3.8%。要想正確看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題,,我們要知道,,自1976年以來(lái),美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)的平均年增長(zhǎng)率為5.5%,,其中包括2021年前所未有的19%的飆升,。

雖然從技術(shù)上講,高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果是房?jī)r(jià)將緩慢上漲,,但有人可能會(huì)說(shuō),,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)“橫盤”——至少相對(duì)于我們過(guò)去十年看到的增長(zhǎng)而言是“橫盤”,。

畢竟,如果這一預(yù)測(cè)成為現(xiàn)實(shí),,到2026年年底,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)將僅比2022年6月的新冠疫情峰值高出4.5%,,比2023年1月的底部?jī)H上漲10.1%,。

盡管二手房庫(kù)存緊張繼續(xù)給房?jī)r(jià)帶來(lái)上行壓力,但高盛集團(tuán)稱,,新冠疫情導(dǎo)致的房?jī)r(jià)上漲和抵押貸款利率從3%至6%以上的飆升造成購(gòu)買能力緊張,,給房?jī)r(jià)帶來(lái)了下行壓力。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)上述反作用力的綜合考慮,,高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)顯示,,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將陷入僵局,2026年前的房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)水平將非常低,。此外,,該預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)計(jì),抵押貸款利率高企的情況將難以緩解,,預(yù)計(jì)2024年至2026年之間的10年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的平均收益率為3.75%,。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況,抵押貸款利率可能就會(huì)保持在6%左右,。

值得注意的是,,截至今年4月,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)上漲了2.3%,。因此,,要實(shí)現(xiàn)高盛集團(tuán)關(guān)于2023年全美房?jī)r(jià)上漲1.3%的預(yù)測(cè),從現(xiàn)在到今年年底,,房?jī)r(jià)需要出現(xiàn)小幅下跌,。

聽(tīng)起來(lái),高盛集團(tuán)似乎確實(shí)認(rèn)為今秋房?jī)r(jià)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些下跌,。

高盛集團(tuán)的研究人員在最新的住房報(bào)告中寫道:“由于抵押貸款利率目前(比春季)高出約75個(gè)基點(diǎn),,我們預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾個(gè)月,與購(gòu)買能力相關(guān)的壓力將推動(dòng)房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)放緩,?!?/p>

高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)模型還預(yù)測(cè),未來(lái)通脹不會(huì)再次爆發(fā),,消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)(Consumer Price Index)將在2023年上漲3.0%,,2024年上漲2.8%,2025年上漲2.4%,,2026年上漲2.4%,。而高盛預(yù)計(jì),,就業(yè)市場(chǎng)仍將緊張,到2026年,,失業(yè)率將保持在4%以下,。

簡(jiǎn)而言之,高盛集團(tuán)預(yù)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)將實(shí)現(xiàn)軟著陸,,而房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將因?yàn)樨?fù)擔(dān)能力和供應(yīng)問(wèn)題而承受壓力,,導(dǎo)致全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)相對(duì)停滯。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

2020年夏天,,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了一些不合直覺(jué)的變化,。盡管失業(yè)率仍然保持在兩位數(shù)高位,但市場(chǎng)發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變,,進(jìn)入繁榮期,。市場(chǎng)需求激增的直接原因是遠(yuǎn)程辦公引發(fā)人們對(duì)住房空間的需求增加。值得注意的是,,從2020年夏季到2022年,,因?yàn)閭€(gè)體希望從擁擠的合租環(huán)境中獨(dú)立出來(lái),財(cái)務(wù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)的千禧一代開(kāi)始安排自己的獨(dú)立生活,,導(dǎo)致住戶組成數(shù)比預(yù)期高220萬(wàn),。新冠疫情期間住房需求激增程度之高,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)的研究人員估計(jì),,住房供應(yīng)需要驚人地增加300%,,才能滿足這種高漲的住房需求。

顯然,,住房供應(yīng)一直沒(méi)有跟上需求的上漲節(jié)奏,,導(dǎo)致美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)熱。凱斯-席勒全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)指數(shù)(Case-Shiller National Home Price Index)顯示,,從2020年3月到2022年6月,,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)上漲了43.3%。舊金山聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)的研究人員表示,,房?jī)r(jià)上漲有60%以上可以直接歸因于居家辦公政策引發(fā)的需求增加,。

快進(jìn)到2023年,抵押貸款利率的沖擊顯然抑制了過(guò)熱——?jiǎng)P斯-席勒指數(shù)顯示,,4月全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)仍然比2022年6月的峰值低2.4%——然而,,市場(chǎng)并未出現(xiàn)大面積回調(diào)。房?jī)r(jià)漲幅絕大多數(shù)并未回落,,即便是在去年受到房地產(chǎn)調(diào)整重創(chuàng)的西部市場(chǎng)也是如此,。

最近的房?jī)r(jià)企穩(wěn)是否表明,將新冠疫情期間的房地產(chǎn)熱潮(Pandemic Housing Boom)帶來(lái)的部分收益變現(xiàn)的窗口已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,?此外,,這種企穩(wěn)是否意味著全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)到正常增長(zhǎng)水平,?

為了解未來(lái)走向,《財(cái)富》雜志研究了高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)在7月17日發(fā)布的最新經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè),。

高盛集團(tuán)的模型預(yù)測(cè),,以凱斯-席勒指數(shù)衡量,今后幾年美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)的漲幅將非常微弱:2023年為+1.3%,,2024年為+1.7%,,2025年為+2.4%,2025年為+3.8%,。要想正確看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們要知道,,自1976年以來(lái),,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)的平均年增長(zhǎng)率為5.5%,其中包括2021年前所未有的19%的飆升,。

雖然從技術(shù)上講,,高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果是房?jī)r(jià)將緩慢上漲,但有人可能會(huì)說(shuō),,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)“橫盤”——至少相對(duì)于我們過(guò)去十年看到的增長(zhǎng)而言是“橫盤”,。

畢竟,如果這一預(yù)測(cè)成為現(xiàn)實(shí),,到2026年年底,,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)將僅比2022年6月的新冠疫情峰值高出4.5%,比2023年1月的底部?jī)H上漲10.1%,。

盡管二手房庫(kù)存緊張繼續(xù)給房?jī)r(jià)帶來(lái)上行壓力,,但高盛集團(tuán)稱,新冠疫情導(dǎo)致的房?jī)r(jià)上漲和抵押貸款利率從3%至6%以上的飆升造成購(gòu)買能力緊張,,給房?jī)r(jià)帶來(lái)了下行壓力,。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)上述反作用力的綜合考慮,高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)顯示,,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將陷入僵局,,2026年前的房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)水平將非常低。此外,,該預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)計(jì),,抵押貸款利率高企的情況將難以緩解,預(yù)計(jì)2024年至2026年之間的10年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的平均收益率為3.75%,。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況,,抵押貸款利率可能就會(huì)保持在6%左右。

值得注意的是,,截至今年4月,,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)上漲了2.3%,。因此,要實(shí)現(xiàn)高盛集團(tuán)關(guān)于2023年全美房?jī)r(jià)上漲1.3%的預(yù)測(cè),,從現(xiàn)在到今年年底,,房?jī)r(jià)需要出現(xiàn)小幅下跌。

聽(tīng)起來(lái),,高盛集團(tuán)似乎確實(shí)認(rèn)為今秋房?jī)r(jià)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些下跌,。

高盛集團(tuán)的研究人員在最新的住房報(bào)告中寫道:“由于抵押貸款利率目前(比春季)高出約75個(gè)基點(diǎn),我們預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾個(gè)月,,與購(gòu)買能力相關(guān)的壓力將推動(dòng)房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)放緩,。”

高盛集團(tuán)的預(yù)測(cè)模型還預(yù)測(cè),,未來(lái)通脹不會(huì)再次爆發(fā),,消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)(Consumer Price Index)將在2023年上漲3.0%,2024年上漲2.8%,,2025年上漲2.4%,,2026年上漲2.4%。而高盛預(yù)計(jì),,就業(yè)市場(chǎng)仍將緊張,,到2026年,失業(yè)率將保持在4%以下,。

簡(jiǎn)而言之,,高盛集團(tuán)預(yù)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)將實(shí)現(xiàn)軟著陸,而房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將因?yàn)樨?fù)擔(dān)能力和供應(yīng)問(wèn)題而承受壓力,,導(dǎo)致全國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)相對(duì)停滯,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

In the summer of 2020, something counterintuitive occurred in the housing market. Despite the unemployment rate remaining in double digits, the market underwent a significant shift, transitioning into a boom. This surge was a direct result of the remote work trend, which generated a heightened demand for housing space. Notably, between the summer of 2020 and 2022, household formation exceeded expectations by 2.2 million, as individuals sought to separate from crowded roommate situations, and financially stimulated millennials embarked on independent living arrangements. The surge in housing demand during the pandemic was so substantial that Federal Reserve researchers estimated that housing supply would have needed to increase by a staggering 300% in order to match that elevated housing demand.

Clearly, housing supply never matched the surge in demand, leading to an overheating of U.S. home prices. From March 2020 to June 2022, the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index recorded a staggering increase of 43.3% in U.S. home prices. According to researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, more than 60% of these gains can be directly attributed to the heightened demand triggered by work-from-home policies.

Fast forward to 2023, and the mortgage rate shock has clearly stopped the overheating—national house prices in April as tracked by Case-Shiller remain 2.4% below the June 2022 peak—however, we haven’t seen a huge give-up. The vast majority of pandemic house price gains remain, and that’s true even in Western markets that were hit hard by last year’s housing correction.

Does the recent house price stabilization indicate that the window to relinquish some of the gains from the Pandemic Housing Boom has closed? Moreover, does this stabilization suggest that national home prices have already returned to normal levels of growth?

To get an indication of where things might head next, Fortune looked over Goldman Sachs’ latest economic forecast released on July 17.

Looking ahead, Goldman Sachs’ forecast model predicts a very faint increase in U.S. home prices as measured by Case-Shiller: +1.3% in 2023, followed by +1.7% in 2024, +2.4% in 2025, and +3.8% in 2025. To put this into perspective, the average annual growth rate of U.S. home prices since 1976 has been 5.5%, including an unprecedented surge of 19% in 2021.

While Goldman Sachs’ forecast is technically predicting a slow grind upwards, one could argue it’s also a “sideways” housing market—at least “sideways” relative to the growth rates we’ve seen over the past decade.

After all, if this prediction comes to fruition, U.S. home prices would end 2026 just 4.5% above the pandemic peak achieved in June 2022, and up just 10.1% from the bottom in January 2023.

While tight resale inventory continues to exert upward pressure on home prices, Goldman Sachs indicates that strained affordability resulting from the pandemic house price boom and the spike in mortgage rates from 3% to over 6% is placing downward pressure on prices. However, when these opposing forces are considered collectively, the forecast from Goldman Sachs projects that the housing market will experience a gridlock, with only very low levels of house price growth through 2026. Furthermore, the forecast anticipates minimal relief for mortgage rates, projecting that the 10-year Treasury yield will average 3.75% between 2024 and 2026. If this scenario unfolds, mortgage rates are likely to remain around 6%.

It is important to note that U.S. home prices have already increased by 2.3% this year as of April. Therefore, for Goldman Sachs’ prediction of a 1.3% national house price gain in 2023 to come to fruition, prices would need to experience a slight decline between now and the end of the year.

It sounds like Goldman Sachs does indeed expect some softening this fall.

“With mortgage rates now ~75bp higher [than in the spring], we expect some affordability-related pressures will drive weaker home price growth in coming months,” wrote Goldman Sachs researchers in their latest housing note.

Heading forward, Goldman Sachs’ forecast model also predicts that inflation won’t break out again, with the Consumer Price Index rising 3.0% in 2023, +2.8% in 2024, +2.4% in 2025, and +2.4% in 2026. While Goldman Sachs expects the job market will remain tight, with the unemployment rate staying below 4% through 2026.

In simple terms, Goldman Sachs anticipates an economic soft landing accompanied by a housing market that is strained by affordability and supply issues, resulting in a period of relatively stagnant national house prices.

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