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美國(guó)科技大亨為逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老揮金如土

ALEXA MIKHAIL
2023-08-04

這個(gè)延緩衰老項(xiàng)目每年花費(fèi)約翰遜200萬(wàn)美元。

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為延緩衰老,,布萊恩·約翰遜(如圖)每年花費(fèi)超過(guò)200萬(wàn)美元,而在這一努力的背后,,是29歲的醫(yī)生奧利弗·佐爾曼,。

為對(duì)抗衰老,美國(guó)科技大亨布萊恩·約翰遜堅(jiān)持素食,,每天僅攝入1977卡路里能量,,還會(huì)在早上服用幾十種營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)劑,并堅(jiān)持定期對(duì)身體的各個(gè)器官進(jìn)行檢查,。自今年1月首次與彭博社(Bloomberg)分享自己“返老還童”的方案以來(lái),,他這種可謂嚴(yán)苛的生活方式就引起了大眾關(guān)注。這位45歲的大亨對(duì)“長(zhǎng)生不老”的追求引起了長(zhǎng)壽專(zhuān)家和醫(yī)生的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng),,他們質(zhì)疑,,從長(zhǎng)期看,這種做法可能不會(huì)有多大效果,,還會(huì)對(duì)他生活質(zhì)量可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,。

據(jù)報(bào)道,這個(gè)延緩衰老項(xiàng)目每年花費(fèi)約翰遜200萬(wàn)美元,,幕后推手則是一個(gè)由30多名醫(yī)生和健康專(zhuān)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì),,由29歲的奧利弗·佐爾曼領(lǐng)銜。

佐爾曼告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“我想要做成一番前無(wú)古人的事業(yè),。我的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也非常高,。”據(jù)彭博社介紹,,佐爾曼每次服務(wù)大約10名客戶(hù),,在進(jìn)行與年齡有關(guān)的強(qiáng)化測(cè)試時(shí),他每小時(shí)的收費(fèi)高達(dá)1000美元,。佐爾曼沒(méi)有向《財(cái)富》透露他目前的收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,但他表示自己會(huì)根據(jù)客戶(hù)的凈資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行收費(fèi)。

“如果他們沒(méi)錢(qián),,我就不收費(fèi)”,他說(shuō),,“但如果他們是億萬(wàn)富翁,,那我會(huì)覺(jué)得‘好吧,,幾千美元對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)也不算什么’”。不過(guò)佐爾曼又說(shuō),,雖然有例外,,但他客戶(hù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況大多與布萊恩相似。而他在后來(lái)發(fā)給我們的電子郵件中又說(shuō),,除約翰遜之外,,他從未向其他人收費(fèi),并稱(chēng)自己“實(shí)際上從未收取過(guò)每小時(shí)1000美元的費(fèi)用”,。

佐爾曼住在英國(guó)劍橋(但也常去西班牙,,并希望在那里開(kāi)設(shè)一間診所),在去年都柏林長(zhǎng)壽峰會(huì)的一次講座上,,他介紹自己是“專(zhuān)業(yè)的循證派‘返老還童’教練與臨床醫(yī)生培訓(xùn)師”,。

他說(shuō),“‘返老還童’就是指讓人回復(fù)青春,,或者用證據(jù)證明受試者明顯變年輕了,,也就是說(shuō),你必須測(cè)算受試者的年齡”,,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),,他測(cè)算的是人體各個(gè)器官的年齡,并以此幫助客戶(hù)選擇調(diào)養(yǎng)方案,?!拔覀儾荒茈S口就說(shuō)自己感覺(jué)變年輕了,那樣太不嚴(yán)肅了,?!?/p>

佐爾曼從小就對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽和再生醫(yī)學(xué)(旨在對(duì)抗年齡增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的變化的醫(yī)學(xué)門(mén)類(lèi))十分著迷。

今年早些時(shí)候,,佐爾曼在接受英國(guó)《泰晤士報(bào)》(The Times)采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,,“我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)用老鼠被捕培育人耳的實(shí)驗(yàn),也知道有人在利用青蛙的胃部培育人眼,,還有人干脆直接在用3D打印技術(shù)制造替代器官,。感覺(jué)像是電子游戲一樣?!睋?jù)該報(bào)報(bào)道,,佐爾曼的父親是一名博物館經(jīng)理,母親是一名芭蕾舞演員兼教師,。

據(jù)彭博社報(bào)道,,入學(xué)倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院(King’s College London)醫(yī)學(xué)院的第一年,佐爾曼在打籃球時(shí)受傷,,這一經(jīng)歷進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了他對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽課題的興趣,。雖然有醫(yī)生幫助他進(jìn)行復(fù)健,,但他在受傷后的一年一直行動(dòng)不便,此后他開(kāi)始自己動(dòng)手,,通過(guò)物理療法對(duì)自己進(jìn)行調(diào)理,。畢業(yè)時(shí),他獲得了再生醫(yī)學(xué)和生物學(xué)學(xué)位?,F(xiàn)在,,他在處理劍橋?qū)嶒?yàn)室工作的同時(shí),還在為一所專(zhuān)門(mén)研究長(zhǎng)壽問(wèn)題的學(xué)校編寫(xiě)課程,,培養(yǎng)那些希望涉足再生醫(yī)學(xué)的醫(yī)生,。當(dāng)然,他還與約翰遜一起參與了所謂的“藍(lán)圖計(jì)劃”,,共同探索200多個(gè)與長(zhǎng)壽有關(guān)的方案,,努力逆轉(zhuǎn)人類(lèi)的生理年齡。對(duì)佐爾曼來(lái)說(shuō),,創(chuàng)新是他一直以來(lái)的追求,。他表示,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),,科學(xué)進(jìn)步的步伐太慢了,。

他說(shuō):“基因療法和細(xì)胞療法將在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)問(wèn)世,而且效果會(huì)越來(lái)越好,,操作會(huì)越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單,,成本會(huì)越來(lái)越低,獲取相關(guān)服務(wù)也會(huì)越來(lái)也容易”,,他又補(bǔ)充說(shuō),,他知道有批評(píng)他的人說(shuō),約翰遜追求長(zhǎng)壽的做法對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)根本不可行,。他說(shuō):“最終,,我們可能只能獲得許多基因療法,或者以某種巧妙方式模仿基因療法的手段”,。佐爾曼在牛津老齡化與長(zhǎng)壽學(xué)會(huì)(Oxford Society of Ageing and Longevity)主辦的一次演講中說(shuō),,即將展開(kāi)的成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)必將推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)壽研究的發(fā)展,尤其是當(dāng)有更多像約翰遜這樣的人愿意主動(dòng)獻(xiàn)身做“小白鼠”時(shí),,這種勢(shì)頭更是無(wú)法阻擋,。

目前,佐爾曼每天都會(huì)花大量時(shí)間瀏覽醫(yī)學(xué)研究和期刊,,向?qū)<姨釂?wèn),,并與客戶(hù)一起制定長(zhǎng)壽方案。閑暇時(shí),,他會(huì)打打網(wǎng)球,、籃球,,彈彈低音吉他。

佐爾曼的長(zhǎng)壽方案

但佐爾曼的長(zhǎng)壽目標(biāo)并不容易實(shí)現(xiàn),。他的目標(biāo)是,在2030年之前,,找到逆轉(zhuǎn)人體78個(gè)器官的年齡的方法,。截至今年1月,佐爾曼告訴彭博社,,盡管約翰遜決心很大,,但“我們還沒(méi)有取得任何實(shí)質(zhì)性成果”。

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“我們?cè)诓既R恩身上取得了一定成績(jī),,這也是意料之中的事情,。”他承認(rèn),,自己與約翰遜的合作雖然有所進(jìn)展,,但尚未取得實(shí)質(zhì)性成果。

“很快會(huì)出來(lái)一些新的結(jié)果,,不過(guò)我們還在對(duì)胸腺進(jìn)行分析,,”他告訴《財(cái)富》雜志?!八?,我可能已經(jīng)幫助他的胸腺恢復(fù)了青春......假如我能讓布萊恩的胸腺年輕二十歲,那就可以算是實(shí)質(zhì)性成果了”,。 由于新冠病毒對(duì)肺部的影響很大,,佐爾曼也在著力幫助布萊恩的肺部恢復(fù)青春。為此,,他在約翰遜的調(diào)理方案中增加了游泳項(xiàng)目,。

佐爾曼的方案由身體檢測(cè)和調(diào)理這兩方面內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。在身體檢測(cè)方面,,佐爾曼并非僅通過(guò)那些常見(jiàn)指標(biāo)(比如最大攝氧量,,即人體在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)所能消耗的最大氧氣量)來(lái)衡量一個(gè)人的衰老程度,而是重點(diǎn)檢測(cè)人體的全部78個(gè)器官,,從而確定哪些器官最需要得到調(diào)理,。

他在大會(huì)上說(shuō):“我們希望全方位出擊,利用所有可用的資源來(lái)解決衰老問(wèn)題,?!?/p>

在獲得檢測(cè)結(jié)果后,佐爾曼會(huì)進(jìn)入下一階段,,即調(diào)理階段,。佐爾曼繼續(xù)說(shuō):“我們會(huì)努力讓所有器官的檢測(cè)年齡都小于實(shí)際年齡,。如果有哪項(xiàng)指標(biāo)顯示某一器官的檢測(cè)年齡偏大或者具有較高的臨床相關(guān)性,你肯定會(huì)想先對(duì)該器官進(jìn)行調(diào)理,?!?/p>

據(jù)“藍(lán)圖項(xiàng)目”網(wǎng)站介紹,約翰遜表示,,通過(guò)與佐爾曼合作,,他的衰老速度減緩了31年。

佐爾曼設(shè)計(jì)的方案分為三個(gè)級(jí)別,,一級(jí)方案對(duì)生活的影響最小,,主要是通過(guò)改變生活方式來(lái)改善人們的健康狀況、延長(zhǎng)人們的壽命,。二級(jí)方案包括一些與延緩衰老無(wú)關(guān)的措施,,而三級(jí)方案,也是約翰遜所采用的方案,,則包括旨在徹底逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老進(jìn)程的器官年輕化方案(據(jù)說(shuō)他曾用自己17歲兒子的血液給自己換血,,結(jié)果沒(méi)有獲得任何好處)。

佐爾曼和約翰遜似乎很熱衷于將“返老還童”,、“逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老”這件事游戲化,。因此,二人牽頭發(fā)起了“返老還童奧運(yùn)會(huì)”,,根據(jù)那些堅(jiān)持某種逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老方案(如約翰遜的“藍(lán)圖項(xiàng)目”)的人的生理年齡對(duì)他們進(jìn)行排名,。當(dāng)然,約翰遜自然是名列榜首,。佐爾曼也也參與了這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽,,并會(huì)在排行榜上分享他的成果,不過(guò)他采用的是一種一級(jí)方案,。(他說(shuō),,由于年紀(jì)尚輕,所以他暫時(shí)不需要按照三級(jí)方案那樣嚴(yán)格要求自己),。

佐爾曼在都柏林長(zhǎng)壽峰會(huì)上說(shuō):“我喜歡比賽,,把‘返老還童’變成一場(chǎng)有科學(xué)依據(jù)的比賽讓人感覺(jué)非常興奮。長(zhǎng)壽學(xué)院可以幫助你安全地參加相關(guān)活動(dòng)”,。

佐爾曼希望,,10年后,在約翰遜56歲那年,,其所有器官的生理年齡都能保持在50歲水平,。

佐爾曼說(shuō):“如果所有器官的生理年齡都能比他的實(shí)際年齡小10%,我就很滿(mǎn)意了?!?/p>

據(jù)報(bào)道,,約翰遜每天都要與佐爾曼通一個(gè)小時(shí)的電話(huà),他不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)放慢腳步,。

直面批評(píng)聲音

隨著人們對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽的追求熱度不減,,研究結(jié)果不言自明。戶(hù)外活動(dòng),、運(yùn)動(dòng)(哪怕只是快步走),、營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食、充足睡眠以及保持良好的社交關(guān)系都能幫助我們延長(zhǎng)壽命,、保持健康。麥吉爾大學(xué)藥理學(xué)與調(diào)理學(xué)系教授,、生物技術(shù)公司HKG EpiTherapeutics創(chuàng)始人摩西·斯齊夫說(shuō),,由于非遺傳因素也會(huì)對(duì)人體衰老產(chǎn)生影響,改變生活方式確實(shí)可以起到逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的作用,。不過(guò),,他對(duì)佐爾曼和約翰遜的方案持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。

“不過(guò)目前還不清楚我們是否已經(jīng)掌握了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的所需要的知識(shí),。布萊恩·約翰遜像是在挨個(gè)嘗試所有可能延年益壽的方法,,然后使用一系列測(cè)試來(lái)檢查相關(guān)功能變化”,他在給《財(cái)富》的聲明中寫(xiě)道,?!斑€有一件事也很清楚,那就是延年益壽這件事也是因人而異,?!?/p>

遺傳因素在我們衰老的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用。這也是判別所謂“超級(jí)老人”的一大要素(八十多歲的超級(jí)老人的大腦容量與比其年輕二三十歲的人相差無(wú)幾),。

長(zhǎng)壽科學(xué)家,、《不老之軀:年長(zhǎng)不變老的新科學(xué)》(Ageless: The New Science of Getting Older Without Getting Old)一書(shū)的作者安德魯·斯蒂爾博士此前在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示:“只靠控制飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)可得不到那種神奇的基因組合?!?/p>

研究世界百歲老人生活方式的長(zhǎng)壽專(zhuān)家丹·貝特納此前對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,,要想知道約翰遜采用的方案能否真的讓其“返老還童”,還需要10年時(shí)間,。不過(guò)約翰遜至少可以算是“以身說(shuō)法”,,貝特納說(shuō),以前還沒(méi)有人在世人面前展現(xiàn)過(guò)如此嚴(yán)苛的生活方式,,也沒(méi)有人接受過(guò)如此嚴(yán)格的測(cè)試,。

盡管有批評(píng)者質(zhì)疑佐爾曼僵化的抗衰老方法是否有效,但佐爾曼說(shuō),他對(duì)相關(guān)工作進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的安全測(cè)試,,并以此為榮,。他在都柏林大會(huì)上說(shuō):“世界上最愚蠢的事情......就是死于實(shí)驗(yàn)性的長(zhǎng)壽療法?!?/p>

對(duì)于那些質(zhì)疑他的人,,他的回答很簡(jiǎn)單。

他告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“沒(méi)有人能隨隨便便‘返老還童’,。在醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域,,一切都是實(shí)驗(yàn)。這就是所謂行醫(yī)的本質(zhì)”,。

對(duì)于著迷于佐爾曼療法的人來(lái)說(shuō),,這一說(shuō)法還凸顯了這場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)壽競(jìng)賽中的另一個(gè)重要因素,那就是要想延年益壽,,也得看你能為此投入多少錢(qián)才行,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

為延緩衰老,布萊恩·約翰遜(如圖)每年花費(fèi)超過(guò)200萬(wàn)美元,,而在這一努力的背后,,是29歲的醫(yī)生奧利弗·佐爾曼。

為對(duì)抗衰老,,美國(guó)科技大亨布萊恩·約翰遜堅(jiān)持素食,,每天僅攝入1977卡路里能量,還會(huì)在早上服用幾十種營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)劑,,并堅(jiān)持定期對(duì)身體的各個(gè)器官進(jìn)行檢查,。自今年1月首次與彭博社(Bloomberg)分享自己“返老還童”的方案以來(lái),他這種可謂嚴(yán)苛的生活方式就引起了大眾關(guān)注,。這位45歲的大亨對(duì)“長(zhǎng)生不老”的追求引起了長(zhǎng)壽專(zhuān)家和醫(yī)生的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng),,他們質(zhì)疑,從長(zhǎng)期看,,這種做法可能不會(huì)有多大效果,,還會(huì)對(duì)他生活質(zhì)量可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。

據(jù)報(bào)道,,這個(gè)延緩衰老項(xiàng)目每年花費(fèi)約翰遜200萬(wàn)美元,,幕后推手則是一個(gè)由30多名醫(yī)生和健康專(zhuān)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì),由29歲的奧利弗·佐爾曼領(lǐng)銜,。

佐爾曼告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“我想要做成一番前無(wú)古人的事業(yè),。我的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也非常高?!睋?jù)彭博社介紹,,佐爾曼每次服務(wù)大約10名客戶(hù),在進(jìn)行與年齡有關(guān)的強(qiáng)化測(cè)試時(shí),他每小時(shí)的收費(fèi)高達(dá)1000美元,。佐爾曼沒(méi)有向《財(cái)富》透露他目前的收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,但他表示自己會(huì)根據(jù)客戶(hù)的凈資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行收費(fèi)。

“如果他們沒(méi)錢(qián),,我就不收費(fèi)”,,他說(shuō),“但如果他們是億萬(wàn)富翁,,那我會(huì)覺(jué)得‘好吧,,幾千美元對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)也不算什么’”。不過(guò)佐爾曼又說(shuō),,雖然有例外,,但他客戶(hù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況大多與布萊恩相似。而他在后來(lái)發(fā)給我們的電子郵件中又說(shuō),,除約翰遜之外,,他從未向其他人收費(fèi),并稱(chēng)自己“實(shí)際上從未收取過(guò)每小時(shí)1000美元的費(fèi)用”,。

佐爾曼住在英國(guó)劍橋(但也常去西班牙,并希望在那里開(kāi)設(shè)一間診所),,在去年都柏林長(zhǎng)壽峰會(huì)的一次講座上,,他介紹自己是“專(zhuān)業(yè)的循證派‘返老還童’教練與臨床醫(yī)生培訓(xùn)師”。

他說(shuō),,“‘返老還童’就是指讓人回復(fù)青春,,或者用證據(jù)證明受試者明顯變年輕了,也就是說(shuō),,你必須測(cè)算受試者的年齡”,,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),他測(cè)算的是人體各個(gè)器官的年齡,,并以此幫助客戶(hù)選擇調(diào)養(yǎng)方案,。“我們不能隨口就說(shuō)自己感覺(jué)變年輕了,,那樣太不嚴(yán)肅了,。”

佐爾曼從小就對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽和再生醫(yī)學(xué)(旨在對(duì)抗年齡增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的變化的醫(yī)學(xué)門(mén)類(lèi))十分著迷,。

今年早些時(shí)候,,佐爾曼在接受英國(guó)《泰晤士報(bào)》(The Times)采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,“我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)用老鼠被捕培育人耳的實(shí)驗(yàn),,也知道有人在利用青蛙的胃部培育人眼,,還有人干脆直接在用3D打印技術(shù)制造替代器官。感覺(jué)像是電子游戲一樣?!睋?jù)該報(bào)報(bào)道,,佐爾曼的父親是一名博物館經(jīng)理,母親是一名芭蕾舞演員兼教師,。

據(jù)彭博社報(bào)道,,入學(xué)倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院(King’s College London)醫(yī)學(xué)院的第一年,佐爾曼在打籃球時(shí)受傷,,這一經(jīng)歷進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了他對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽課題的興趣,。雖然有醫(yī)生幫助他進(jìn)行復(fù)健,但他在受傷后的一年一直行動(dòng)不便,,此后他開(kāi)始自己動(dòng)手,,通過(guò)物理療法對(duì)自己進(jìn)行調(diào)理。畢業(yè)時(shí),,他獲得了再生醫(yī)學(xué)和生物學(xué)學(xué)位?,F(xiàn)在,他在處理劍橋?qū)嶒?yàn)室工作的同時(shí),,還在為一所專(zhuān)門(mén)研究長(zhǎng)壽問(wèn)題的學(xué)校編寫(xiě)課程,,培養(yǎng)那些希望涉足再生醫(yī)學(xué)的醫(yī)生。當(dāng)然,,他還與約翰遜一起參與了所謂的“藍(lán)圖計(jì)劃”,,共同探索200多個(gè)與長(zhǎng)壽有關(guān)的方案,努力逆轉(zhuǎn)人類(lèi)的生理年齡,。對(duì)佐爾曼來(lái)說(shuō),,創(chuàng)新是他一直以來(lái)的追求。他表示,,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),,科學(xué)進(jìn)步的步伐太慢了。

他說(shuō):“基因療法和細(xì)胞療法將在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)問(wèn)世,,而且效果會(huì)越來(lái)越好,,操作會(huì)越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單,成本會(huì)越來(lái)越低,,獲取相關(guān)服務(wù)也會(huì)越來(lái)也容易”,,他又補(bǔ)充說(shuō),他知道有批評(píng)他的人說(shuō),,約翰遜追求長(zhǎng)壽的做法對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)根本不可行,。他說(shuō):“最終,我們可能只能獲得許多基因療法,,或者以某種巧妙方式模仿基因療法的手段”,。佐爾曼在牛津老齡化與長(zhǎng)壽學(xué)會(huì)(Oxford Society of Ageing and Longevity)主辦的一次演講中說(shuō),,即將展開(kāi)的成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)必將推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)壽研究的發(fā)展,尤其是當(dāng)有更多像約翰遜這樣的人愿意主動(dòng)獻(xiàn)身做“小白鼠”時(shí),,這種勢(shì)頭更是無(wú)法阻擋,。

目前,佐爾曼每天都會(huì)花大量時(shí)間瀏覽醫(yī)學(xué)研究和期刊,,向?qū)<姨釂?wèn),,并與客戶(hù)一起制定長(zhǎng)壽方案。閑暇時(shí),,他會(huì)打打網(wǎng)球,、籃球,彈彈低音吉他,。

佐爾曼的長(zhǎng)壽方案

但佐爾曼的長(zhǎng)壽目標(biāo)并不容易實(shí)現(xiàn),。他的目標(biāo)是,在2030年之前,,找到逆轉(zhuǎn)人體78個(gè)器官的年齡的方法,。截至今年1月,佐爾曼告訴彭博社,,盡管約翰遜決心很大,,但“我們還沒(méi)有取得任何實(shí)質(zhì)性成果”。

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“我們?cè)诓既R恩身上取得了一定成績(jī),,這也是意料之中的事情,。”他承認(rèn),,自己與約翰遜的合作雖然有所進(jìn)展,,但尚未取得實(shí)質(zhì)性成果,。

“很快會(huì)出來(lái)一些新的結(jié)果,,不過(guò)我們還在對(duì)胸腺進(jìn)行分析,”他告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,?!八裕铱赡芤呀?jīng)幫助他的胸腺恢復(fù)了青春......假如我能讓布萊恩的胸腺年輕二十歲,,那就可以算是實(shí)質(zhì)性成果了”,。 由于新冠病毒對(duì)肺部的影響很大,佐爾曼也在著力幫助布萊恩的肺部恢復(fù)青春,。為此,,他在約翰遜的調(diào)理方案中增加了游泳項(xiàng)目。

佐爾曼的方案由身體檢測(cè)和調(diào)理這兩方面內(nèi)容構(gòu)成,。在身體檢測(cè)方面,,佐爾曼并非僅通過(guò)那些常見(jiàn)指標(biāo)(比如最大攝氧量,,即人體在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)所能消耗的最大氧氣量)來(lái)衡量一個(gè)人的衰老程度,而是重點(diǎn)檢測(cè)人體的全部78個(gè)器官,,從而確定哪些器官最需要得到調(diào)理,。

他在大會(huì)上說(shuō):“我們希望全方位出擊,利用所有可用的資源來(lái)解決衰老問(wèn)題,?!?/p>

在獲得檢測(cè)結(jié)果后,佐爾曼會(huì)進(jìn)入下一階段,,即調(diào)理階段,。佐爾曼繼續(xù)說(shuō):“我們會(huì)努力讓所有器官的檢測(cè)年齡都小于實(shí)際年齡。如果有哪項(xiàng)指標(biāo)顯示某一器官的檢測(cè)年齡偏大或者具有較高的臨床相關(guān)性,,你肯定會(huì)想先對(duì)該器官進(jìn)行調(diào)理,。”

據(jù)“藍(lán)圖項(xiàng)目”網(wǎng)站介紹,,約翰遜表示,,通過(guò)與佐爾曼合作,他的衰老速度減緩了31年,。

佐爾曼設(shè)計(jì)的方案分為三個(gè)級(jí)別,,一級(jí)方案對(duì)生活的影響最小,主要是通過(guò)改變生活方式來(lái)改善人們的健康狀況,、延長(zhǎng)人們的壽命,。二級(jí)方案包括一些與延緩衰老無(wú)關(guān)的措施,而三級(jí)方案,,也是約翰遜所采用的方案,,則包括旨在徹底逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老進(jìn)程的器官年輕化方案(據(jù)說(shuō)他曾用自己17歲兒子的血液給自己換血,結(jié)果沒(méi)有獲得任何好處),。

佐爾曼和約翰遜似乎很熱衷于將“返老還童”,、“逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老”這件事游戲化。因此,,二人牽頭發(fā)起了“返老還童奧運(yùn)會(huì)”,,根據(jù)那些堅(jiān)持某種逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老方案(如約翰遜的“藍(lán)圖項(xiàng)目”)的人的生理年齡對(duì)他們進(jìn)行排名。當(dāng)然,,約翰遜自然是名列榜首,。佐爾曼也也參與了這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽,并會(huì)在排行榜上分享他的成果,,不過(guò)他采用的是一種一級(jí)方案,。(他說(shuō),由于年紀(jì)尚輕,,所以他暫時(shí)不需要按照三級(jí)方案那樣嚴(yán)格要求自己),。

佐爾曼在都柏林長(zhǎng)壽峰會(huì)上說(shuō):“我喜歡比賽,,把‘返老還童’變成一場(chǎng)有科學(xué)依據(jù)的比賽讓人感覺(jué)非常興奮。長(zhǎng)壽學(xué)院可以幫助你安全地參加相關(guān)活動(dòng)”,。

佐爾曼希望,,10年后,在約翰遜56歲那年,,其所有器官的生理年齡都能保持在50歲水平,。

佐爾曼說(shuō):“如果所有器官的生理年齡都能比他的實(shí)際年齡小10%,我就很滿(mǎn)意了,?!?/p>

據(jù)報(bào)道,約翰遜每天都要與佐爾曼通一個(gè)小時(shí)的電話(huà),,他不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)放慢腳步,。

直面批評(píng)聲音

隨著人們對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽的追求熱度不減,研究結(jié)果不言自明,。戶(hù)外活動(dòng),、運(yùn)動(dòng)(哪怕只是快步走)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食,、充足睡眠以及保持良好的社交關(guān)系都能幫助我們延長(zhǎng)壽命,、保持健康。麥吉爾大學(xué)藥理學(xué)與調(diào)理學(xué)系教授,、生物技術(shù)公司HKG EpiTherapeutics創(chuàng)始人摩西·斯齊夫說(shuō),,由于非遺傳因素也會(huì)對(duì)人體衰老產(chǎn)生影響,改變生活方式確實(shí)可以起到逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的作用,。不過(guò),,他對(duì)佐爾曼和約翰遜的方案持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。

“不過(guò)目前還不清楚我們是否已經(jīng)掌握了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的所需要的知識(shí),。布萊恩·約翰遜像是在挨個(gè)嘗試所有可能延年益壽的方法,,然后使用一系列測(cè)試來(lái)檢查相關(guān)功能變化”,他在給《財(cái)富》的聲明中寫(xiě)道,?!斑€有一件事也很清楚,,那就是延年益壽這件事也是因人而異,。”

遺傳因素在我們衰老的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用,。這也是判別所謂“超級(jí)老人”的一大要素(八十多歲的超級(jí)老人的大腦容量與比其年輕二三十歲的人相差無(wú)幾),。

長(zhǎng)壽科學(xué)家、《不老之軀:年長(zhǎng)不變老的新科學(xué)》(Ageless: The New Science of Getting Older Without Getting Old)一書(shū)的作者安德魯·斯蒂爾博士此前在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示:“只靠控制飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)可得不到那種神奇的基因組合,?!?/p>

研究世界百歲老人生活方式的長(zhǎng)壽專(zhuān)家丹·貝特納此前對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,,要想知道約翰遜采用的方案能否真的讓其“返老還童”,還需要10年時(shí)間,。不過(guò)約翰遜至少可以算是“以身說(shuō)法”,,貝特納說(shuō),以前還沒(méi)有人在世人面前展現(xiàn)過(guò)如此嚴(yán)苛的生活方式,,也沒(méi)有人接受過(guò)如此嚴(yán)格的測(cè)試,。

盡管有批評(píng)者質(zhì)疑佐爾曼僵化的抗衰老方法是否有效,但佐爾曼說(shuō),,他對(duì)相關(guān)工作進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的安全測(cè)試,,并以此為榮。他在都柏林大會(huì)上說(shuō):“世界上最愚蠢的事情......就是死于實(shí)驗(yàn)性的長(zhǎng)壽療法,?!?/p>

對(duì)于那些質(zhì)疑他的人,他的回答很簡(jiǎn)單,。

他告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“沒(méi)有人能隨隨便便‘返老還童’,。在醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域,一切都是實(shí)驗(yàn),。這就是所謂行醫(yī)的本質(zhì)”,。

對(duì)于著迷于佐爾曼療法的人來(lái)說(shuō),這一說(shuō)法還凸顯了這場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)壽競(jìng)賽中的另一個(gè)重要因素,,那就是要想延年益壽,,也得看你能為此投入多少錢(qián)才行。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

Tech CEO Bryan Johnson’s rigid routine of 1,977 vegan-based calories a day, a couple dozen morning supplements, and consistent organ testing caught the attention of the masses ever since he first shared his reverse-aging protocol with Bloomberg in January. The 45-year-old’s quest for immortality has garnered massive criticism from longevity experts and doctors who question whether his dedication will prove anything long term, not to mention the impact it may have on his quality of life.

Pulling the strings behind Johnson’s reportedly $2 million longevity craze is a team of 30-plus doctors and health experts, led by 29-year-old Oliver Zolman—a millennial doctor obsessed with turning back the clock.

“I’m going for results that have never been achieved ever,” Zolman tells Fortune. “My bar is very high.” Zolman juggles about 10 clients at a time and reportedly charges upwards of $1,000 an hour for intensive age-related testing, according to Bloomberg’s profile. Zolman did not share his current rate with Fortune, but says he charges people based on their net worth. "

“If they have no money, then I just don’t charge,” he says. “If they’re a billionaire, then it’s like, ‘Okay, thousands of dollars is nothing to them.’” Still, Zolman says most of his clients are similar to “Bryan’s demographic,” with some exceptions. But in a follow-up email, Zolman said he does not charge anyone except for Johnson and “never actually charged $1,000 an hour.”

Zolman, who lives in Cambridge, England (but also spends time in Spain and hopes to open a clinic there), introduced himself as a “professional evidence-based rejuvenation coach and clinician trainer” at a lecture during the Longevity Summit Dublin last year.

“Rejuvenation just means getting younger, or making it younger so obviously to prove that, in an evidence-based way, you have to measure the age of something,” he says, adding that he measures individual ages of organs to determine protocols for clients. “You can’t just randomly say I feel younger. That’s completely ridiculous.”

Zolman has been fascinated with longevity and regenerative medicine—modalities that aim to combat age-related changes—since he was young.

“I learnt about growing new ears on the side of mice, and making frogs grow eyes in their stomachs, or just 3D-printing replacement organs,” Zolman told the Times U.K. earlier this year, which reported he was raised by a father who is a museum manager and mother who is a ballerina and ballet teacher. “It seemed kind of like a video game.”

Injuring himself while playing basketball during his first year of medical school at King’s College London propelled him further into the longevity field, per Bloomberg. After struggling to walk for a year despite working with doctors, he took matters into his own hands and treated himself through physical therapy. He later graduated with a degree in regenerative medicine and biology. He is now creating a curriculum for a longevity school for doctors looking to branch into regenerative medicine while working in his Cambridge lab, and of course, with Johnson as part of Project Blueprint, which encompasses over 200 longevity-related protocols to help reverse biological age. For Zolman, it’s always been about innovation. The pace of science is too slow for him, he says.

“Gene therapies and cell therapies are coming through in the next 10 years, and it’s just going to continue to get better and easier and less expensive and less effort for the individual to do,” he says, adding he is aware of his critics who point out that Johnson’s longevity quest isn’t accessible for most people. “Eventually, you’ll probably just have a load of gene therapies or things that mimic gene therapies in some clever way,” he says. In a talk hosted by the Oxford Society of Ageing and Longevity, Zolman said thousands of randomized trials in the queue will inevitably grow the field of longevity research, especially as more people like Johnson serve as guinea pigs.

Zolman currently spends a large portion of his day combing through medical studies and journals, posing questions to experts, and working with clients on their longevity protocols. In whatever free time is left, he plays tennis, basketball, and the bass guitar.

Zolman’s longevity protocol

Zolman’s longevity goal is no easy feat. By 2030, he aims to discover how to reverse the age of each of the 78 organs encompassing both genders by 25%. As of January, Zolman told Bloomberg that despite Johnson’s determination, “We have not achieved any remarkable results.”

He added: “In Bryan, we have achieved small, reasonable results, and it’s to be expected.” He admits he still hasn’t gotten to the point with Johnson to call the results “remarkable,” but there’s been progress.

“We have some new results coming out soon, but we’re still analyzing them on the thymus,” he tells Fortune. “So I might have rejuvenated his thymus…if I rejuvenate Brian’s thymus by like two decades, for example, then that would be a remarkable goal.” Zolman is also focusing on rejuvenating Bryan’s lungs, which were majorly impacted by COVID-19. He’s added swimming to Johnson’s protocol as a result.

The protocol is twofold: measurements and therapies. First, instead of measuring someone’s aging by common modalities such as VO2 max alone (the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during exercise), he focuses on measuring all 78 human organs to determine which ones are most in need of his therapies.

“You want to be addressing aging from every angle that we have available,” he said at the conference. "

Using these measurements, Zolman goes to the next phase, the therapies. “You try and get all the markers below chronological age,” Zolman continued. “If your markers are older and more clinically relevant, then you want to target those organs first.”

Johnson says his work with Zolman helped slow his pace of aging by 31 years, according to the Project Blueprint website.

Zolman’s approach has three levels, the first being the least invasive and mainly consisting of changes in lifestyle factors aimed at extending people’s health span and life span. Level 2 consists of non-age-related modalities, while Level 3—where Johnson sits—contains organ rejuvenation protocols aimed at fully reversing aging (he has reportedly received blood from his 17-year-old son, although there were no benefits).

Zolman and Johnson seem to crave the gamifying nature of rejuvenation and reverse aging. It’s what led the duo to spearhead the Rejuvenation Olympics, which ranks people’s biological age on a leaderboard when they adhere to certain reverse-aging protocols, like Johnson’s blueprint. Of course, Johnson tops the list. Zolman also abides by similar protocols in level 1 and shares his results on the leaderboard. (He says because of his age he doesn’t need to abide by the rigid protocols of level 3.)

“I love competition, and turning rejuvenation into a scientifically valid competition is very exciting,” Zolman said at Longevity Summit Dublin. “Longevity school can help you do this safely.”

In 10 years, Zolman hopes all of Johnson’s organs will biologically reach age 50 (he will be 56).

“It’d be nice to be 10% younger than his chronological age in all organs,” Zolman says.

Johnson, who reportedly speaks on the phone with Zolman for about an hour daily, isn’t slowing down anytime soon.

Standing up in the face of critics

As the obsession to live longer continues, the research speaks for itself. Getting outdoors, moving (even a quick walk), eating a nutritious diet, sleeping well, and maintaining strong social connections can help us live longer and stay healthier while doing so. And due to epigenetics playing a role as a hallmark of aging, Moshe Szyf, professor in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics at McGill University and founder of biotech company HKG EpiTherapeutics, says changes in lifestyle could indeed reverse aging. Still, he is cautious about Zolman and Johnson’s approach.

“It is unclear, however, whether we have yet the knowledge on how to do this. It seems that Bryan Johnson is applying a tour de force of anything suggested to affect longevity and uses a barrage of tests to examine functional changes,” he writes in a statement to Fortune. “It is also clear that changes need to be personalized.”

Genetics also play an integral role in how we age. It’s a factor for identifying the so-called SuperAgers of the world—those in their eighties with brain capacity akin to those 20 to 30 years younger.

“No amount of diet or exercise is gonna get you that magical combination of genes,” Andrew Steele, Ph.D., longevity scientist and author of Ageless: The New Science of Getting Older Without Getting Old, previously told Fortune. "

It will take 10 years to see if Johnson’s protocol really turns back the clock, longevity expert Dan Buettner, who studies the lifestyles of the world’s centenarians—those who live to 100 and beyond—previously told Fortune. After all, Johnson is “a walking experiment,” Buettner said, because no one has gone through this level of rigorous habits and testing in front of a national audience before.

And while the critics question the validity behind Zolman’s rigid longevity approaches, Zolman says he prides himself on the rigorous safety testing of his endeavors. “The stupidest thing in the world…is to die from an experimental longevity therapy,” he said in Dublin.

And to those who question him, he has a simple response.

“No one’s gray hair reverses randomly,” he tells Fortune. “Everything’s an experiment in medicine. That’s what’s called practicing medicine.”

And for those fascinated by Zolman’s approach, it underscores another important factor in the race for longevity: The game to live longer is also deeply fueled by the amount of money you can invest to get there.

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