美聯儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾周四表示,,通脹率仍然過高,要將其降至美聯儲的目標水平,,可能需要經濟增速放緩和就業(yè)市場降溫,。
鮑威爾指出,通脹已較一年前大幅降溫,。但他警告說,,目前尚不清楚通脹是否正在穩(wěn)步回歸到美聯儲2%的通脹目標。
鮑威爾在對紐約經濟俱樂部(Economic Club of New York)發(fā)表講話時說:“數個月的良好數據僅僅是建立信心,,并讓我們相信通脹正朝著目標水平持續(xù)下降的開端,。我們還不知道這些較低的讀數會持續(xù)多久,也不知道未來幾個季度的通脹會穩(wěn)定在什么水平,。"
上個月,,美聯儲官員預測,他們將在今年年底前再加息一次,,在此之前,,美聯儲已連續(xù)加息11次,將基準利率提升至約5.4%,,為22年來的最高水平,。經濟學家和華爾街交易員預計,美聯儲將在兩周后的下次會議上維持利率不變,。
至于美聯儲之后會采取什么行動,,則不太清楚。鮑威爾在周四的講話中呼應了其他美聯儲官員的觀點,,暗示美國經濟正處于轉折點:如果經濟增長仍像今年夏天以來那樣強勁,,可能需要進一步加息。但是,,任何經濟增長或就業(yè)放緩的跡象都可能有助于減緩通脹,,使美聯儲能夠維持利率不變。
從2022年3月開始,,美聯儲的通脹斗士們以40年來最快的速度提高了基準利率,。這些加息導致整個經濟體的借貸利率大幅上升,加大了家庭和企業(yè)的財務壓力,。
多位美聯儲官員最近暗示,,長期利率(包括30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率目前已接近8%)的快速上調很可能會使經濟降溫,,并有助于減緩通脹。這將使美聯儲能夠按兵不動,,觀察未來幾個月經濟增長和通脹的變化情況,。
但最近的幾份經濟報告顯示,經濟仍在強勁增長,,通脹可能持續(xù)走高,,這可能需要美聯儲采取進一步行動。
鮑威爾說:"有更多證據表明,,經濟增長持續(xù)高于趨勢水平,,或是勞動力市場的緊張狀況依舊,這可能使通脹面臨持續(xù)走高的風險,,可能需要進一步收緊貨幣政策,。"
9月份,招聘人數遠高于預期,,失業(yè)率保持在近半個世紀以來的低點,。強勁的招聘通常使員工有能力要求加薪,如果雇主通過提高產品價格來轉嫁更高的勞動力成本,,這反過來可能會加劇通貨膨脹,。
然而,鮑威爾指出,,到目前為止,工資增長已經放緩,。其他衡量就業(yè)市場的指標也在降溫,,這一趨勢可能會抑制通脹。事實上,,即使經濟穩(wěn)定增長,,通脹也在很大程度上有所放緩:美聯儲重點關注的物價變化指標9月份同比下降至3.5%,與2022年6月7%的同比峰值相比大幅下降,。
周三,,一位頗具影響力的美聯儲委員會成員克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller)表示,在保持經濟環(huán)境平穩(wěn)健康的情況下,,通脹放緩是"好消息",,但也"好得令人難以置信"。他指出,,經濟增長要么放緩,,幫助抑制通脹,要么保持強勁增長勢頭,,推動通脹上升,,從而需要美聯儲進一步加息以遏制通脹,。
沃勒說:“現在下結論還為時過早。我相信我們可以等待,,觀察經濟如何發(fā)展,,然后再采取明確的措施?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
美聯儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾周四表示,,通脹率仍然過高,要將其降至美聯儲的目標水平,,可能需要經濟增速放緩和就業(yè)市場降溫,。
鮑威爾指出,通脹已較一年前大幅降溫,。但他警告說,,目前尚不清楚通脹是否正在穩(wěn)步回歸到美聯儲2%的通脹目標。
鮑威爾在對紐約經濟俱樂部(Economic Club of New York)發(fā)表講話時說:“數個月的良好數據僅僅是建立信心,,并讓我們相信通脹正朝著目標水平持續(xù)下降的開端,。我們還不知道這些較低的讀數會持續(xù)多久,也不知道未來幾個季度的通脹會穩(wěn)定在什么水平,。"
上個月,,美聯儲官員預測,他們將在今年年底前再加息一次,,在此之前,,美聯儲已連續(xù)加息11次,將基準利率提升至約5.4%,,為22年來的最高水平,。經濟學家和華爾街交易員預計,美聯儲將在兩周后的下次會議上維持利率不變,。
至于美聯儲之后會采取什么行動,,則不太清楚。鮑威爾在周四的講話中呼應了其他美聯儲官員的觀點,,暗示美國經濟正處于轉折點:如果經濟增長仍像今年夏天以來那樣強勁,,可能需要進一步加息。但是,,任何經濟增長或就業(yè)放緩的跡象都可能有助于減緩通脹,,使美聯儲能夠維持利率不變。
從2022年3月開始,,美聯儲的通脹斗士們以40年來最快的速度提高了基準利率,。這些加息導致整個經濟體的借貸利率大幅上升,加大了家庭和企業(yè)的財務壓力,。
多位美聯儲官員最近暗示,,長期利率(包括30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率目前已接近8%)的快速上調很可能會使經濟降溫,,并有助于減緩通脹。這將使美聯儲能夠按兵不動,,觀察未來幾個月經濟增長和通脹的變化情況,。
但最近的幾份經濟報告顯示,經濟仍在強勁增長,,通脹可能持續(xù)走高,,這可能需要美聯儲采取進一步行動。
鮑威爾說:"有更多證據表明,,經濟增長持續(xù)高于趨勢水平,,或是勞動力市場的緊張狀況依舊,這可能使通脹面臨持續(xù)走高的風險,,可能需要進一步收緊貨幣政策,。"
9月份,招聘人數遠高于預期,,失業(yè)率保持在近半個世紀以來的低點,。強勁的招聘通常使員工有能力要求加薪,如果雇主通過提高產品價格來轉嫁更高的勞動力成本,,這反過來可能會加劇通貨膨脹,。
然而,鮑威爾指出,,到目前為止,,工資增長已經放緩。其他衡量就業(yè)市場的指標也在降溫,,這一趨勢可能會抑制通脹,。事實上,即使經濟穩(wěn)定增長,,通脹也在很大程度上有所放緩:美聯儲重點關注的物價變化指標9月份同比下降至3.5%,與2022年6月7%的同比峰值相比大幅下降,。
周三,,一位頗具影響力的美聯儲委員會成員克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller)表示,在保持經濟環(huán)境平穩(wěn)健康的情況下,,通脹放緩是"好消息",,但也"好得令人難以置信"。他指出,,經濟增長要么放緩,,幫助抑制通脹,要么保持強勁增長勢頭,,推動通脹上升,,從而需要美聯儲進一步加息以遏制通脹,。
沃勒說:“現在下結論還為時過早。我相信我們可以等待,,觀察經濟如何發(fā)展,,然后再采取明確的措施?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Thursday that inflation remains too high and that bringing it down to the Fed’s target level will likely require a slower-growing economy and job market.
Powell noted that inflation has cooled significantly from a year ago. But he cautioned that it’s not yet clear whether inflation is on a steady path back to the Fed’s 2% target.
“A few months of good data are only the beginning of what it will take to build confidence that inflation is moving down sustainably toward our goal,” Powell said in remarks to the Economic Club of New York. “We cannot yet know how long these lower readings will persist or where inflation will settle over coming quarters.”
Last month, Fed officials predicted that they would impose one more interest rate hike before the end of the year, on top of a series of 11 rate increases that have lifted their key rate to about 5.4%, its highest level in 22 years. Economists and Wall Street traders expect the central bank to leave rates unchanged when it next meets in about two weeks.
What it will do after that is less clear. In his remarks Thursday, Powell echoed other Fed officials in suggesting that the economy is at a turning point: If growth remains as healthy as it has been since this summer, additional rate hikes could be needed. But any sign of weaker growth or hiring could help slow inflation and allow the Fed to keep rates unchanged.
Beginning in March 2022, the Fed’s inflation fighters have raised their benchmark rate at the fastest pace in four decades. Those rate hikes have led to much higher borrowing rates across the economy, tightening the financial pressures on households and companies.
A string of Fed officials have recently signaled that a rapid increase in longer-term rates, including for the average 30-year fixed mortgage, which is nearing 8%, will likely cool the economy and help slow inflation. This would allow the central bank to stay on hold and observe how growth and inflation evolve in the coming months.
But several recent economic reports have suggested that the economy is still growing robustly and that inflation could remain persistently elevated, which could require further Fed action.
“Additional evidence of persistently above-trend growth, or that tightness in the labor market is no longer easing,” Powell said, “could put further progress on inflation at risk and could warrant further tightening of monetary policy.”
In September, hiring was much greater than had been expected, with the unemployment rate staying near a half-century low. Strong hiring typically empowers workers to demand higher wages, which, in turn, can worsen inflation if their employers pass on the higher labor costs by raising their prices.
Yet so far, Powell noted that wage growth has slowed. Other measures of the job market are also cooling, a trend that could keep inflation contained. Indeed, even with solid economic growth, inflation has largely decelerated: The Fed’s preferred measure of price changes eased to 3.5% in September compared with 12 months earlier, down sharply from a year-over-year peak of 7% in June 2022.
On Wednesday, Christopher Waller, an influential member of the Fed’s governing board, suggested that the slowdown in inflation even as the economy has remained healthy is “great news” but also “a little too good to be true.” He noted that growth could either slow, helping cool inflation, or remain strong, fueling higher inflation and requiring further rate hikes by the Fed to contain it.
“It is too soon to tell,” Waller said. “I believe we can wait, watch and see how the economy evolves before making definitive moves.”