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阿聯(lián)酋AI部長(zhǎng):政府監(jiān)管AI不當(dāng),社會(huì)將承擔(dān)嚴(yán)重后果

這位阿聯(lián)酋人工智能部長(zhǎng)表示,,目前,,各國(guó)政策制定者也面臨著一系列與人工智能技術(shù)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。

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全球首位人工智能部長(zhǎng)奧馬爾?奧拉瑪最近發(fā)表警告稱(chēng),,政府一旦對(duì)人工智能技術(shù)過(guò)度監(jiān)管,有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重且持久的后果,。

后果有多嚴(yán)重呢,?這么說(shuō)吧,一個(gè)政府如果在人工智能監(jiān)管上稍有不慎,,甚至有可能讓國(guó)家重蹈奧斯曼帝國(guó)的覆轍——奧斯曼帝國(guó)的文明發(fā)展一度也曾遙遙領(lǐng)先,但是由于它拒絕采用印刷術(shù),,因此最終失去了文明進(jìn)步的燈塔地位,。

在本周二于阿布扎比召開(kāi)的《財(cái)富》全球論壇上,這位阿聯(lián)酋官員援引了這個(gè)著名的歷史案例作為警示,。

在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期,,奧斯曼帝國(guó)的伊斯蘭文明一度發(fā)展得極為鼎盛,,吸引了世界各地的學(xué)者,并且催生了代數(shù)等新的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域,。

但是在1515年,,奧斯曼帝國(guó)的蘇丹對(duì)印刷術(shù)頒布了禁令,,此舉阻礙了數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的發(fā)展,從而使奧斯曼帝國(guó)逐布失去了世界文化中心的地位,。

西方印刷術(shù)是由約翰內(nèi)斯·古騰堡在1450年前后發(fā)明的,,它使書(shū)籍的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)成為了可能,因此大大加快了西方世界的文化普及率,。然而奧斯曼帝國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者卻認(rèn)為,印刷術(shù)對(duì)帝國(guó)的現(xiàn)有秩序構(gòu)成了威脅,。

這位阿聯(lián)酋人工智能部長(zhǎng)表示,,目前,,各國(guó)政策制定者也面臨著一系列與人工智能技術(shù)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題——比如人工智能技術(shù)有可能導(dǎo)致大批人口失業(yè),,還有可能助長(zhǎng)虛假信息問(wèn)題,以及引發(fā)人們對(duì)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的擔(dān)憂,。這些顧慮跟當(dāng)時(shí)的奧斯曼帝國(guó)蘇丹塞利姆一世面臨的情況如出一轍,。

“當(dāng)時(shí),我們對(duì)一項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了過(guò)度監(jiān)管,,那就是印刷術(shù)?!眾W拉瑪說(shuō):“當(dāng)時(shí)世界各地都在積極采用印刷術(shù),,而它在中東卻被禁了200年?!?/p>

這位阿聯(lián)酋部長(zhǎng)指出:“當(dāng)時(shí),,書(shū)法家們找到蘇丹說(shuō):‘我們要失業(yè)了,,做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)保護(hù)我們吧!’那些人當(dāng)時(shí)也是以就業(yè)保護(hù)為借口,,與現(xiàn)在AI的問(wèn)題何其相似,。而宗教學(xué)者們也表示,印刷術(shù)會(huì)被別有用心的人用來(lái)印刷偽造的《古蘭經(jīng)》,,甚至導(dǎo)致社會(huì)腐敗——可見(jiàn)虛擬信息也是他們拿來(lái)作文章的一個(gè)借口?!?/p>

最后,,奧拉瑪說(shuō),正是對(duì)未知的恐懼,,才導(dǎo)致奧斯曼帝國(guó)做出了這個(gè)致命的決定。

“蘇丹的高級(jí)顧問(wèn)們表示:‘我們壓根不知道這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會(huì)帶來(lái)什么后果,,那就干脆先禁了吧,,看看其他國(guó)家的樣子再做打算?!?/p>

“3R”戰(zhàn)略

奧拉瑪今年33歲,,不過(guò)他去年9月份就被《時(shí)代》雜志評(píng)選為全球人工智能領(lǐng)域最有影響力的100人之一,。他認(rèn)為,,在人工智能的監(jiān)管問(wèn)題上,政府有責(zé)任保持一個(gè)堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng),。

他表示,,對(duì)政策制定者而言,他們既要鼓勵(lì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)開(kāi)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng),,另一方面要確保公眾不成為私營(yíng)部門(mén)技術(shù)追逐利潤(rùn)的犧牲品,。

“我們需要討論的是如何提升政府內(nèi)部人員的技能,使他們能夠以最有效的方式進(jìn)行監(jiān)管,,以確保他們的國(guó)家和人民不在發(fā)展的問(wèn)題上落在后面?!?/p>

奧拉瑪表示,,在人工智能的發(fā)展上,阿聯(lián)酋采取了“3R”戰(zhàn)略,,分別是技能升級(jí)(Reskill),、工具升級(jí)(Retool)和退休(Retire)。

對(duì)于那些會(huì)被人工智能技術(shù)影響的職業(yè),,勞動(dòng)者們有必要重新學(xué)習(xí)其他技能,好去從事那些不容易被AI取代的職業(yè),。

對(duì)于那些不會(huì)被AI取代的職業(yè),,政府也有應(yīng)向勞動(dòng)者們提供必要手段,使他們能夠充分利用AI技術(shù)提高生產(chǎn)力,。

對(duì)于那些年齡太大而無(wú)法接受再培訓(xùn)的工人,,則將有機(jī)會(huì)享受提前退休,。

“我們的政策是讓人們相信他們是有選擇的,,而不是讓人們覺(jué)得這一切是強(qiáng)加給他們的,,他們是可以主動(dòng)參與這一切的,而不是像旁觀者一樣置身事外,。”他說(shuō):“對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),,積極應(yīng)對(duì)總比消極接受要好,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

全球首位人工智能部長(zhǎng)奧馬爾?奧拉瑪最近發(fā)表警告稱(chēng),政府一旦對(duì)人工智能技術(shù)過(guò)度監(jiān)管,,有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重且持久的后果,。

后果有多嚴(yán)重呢?這么說(shuō)吧,,一個(gè)政府如果在人工智能監(jiān)管上稍有不慎,,甚至有可能讓國(guó)家重蹈奧斯曼帝國(guó)的覆轍——奧斯曼帝國(guó)的文明發(fā)展一度也曾遙遙領(lǐng)先,,但是由于它拒絕采用印刷術(shù),因此最終失去了文明進(jìn)步的燈塔地位,。

在本周二于阿布扎比召開(kāi)的《財(cái)富》全球論壇上,,這位阿聯(lián)酋官員援引了這個(gè)著名的歷史案例作為警示。

在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期,,奧斯曼帝國(guó)的伊斯蘭文明一度發(fā)展得極為鼎盛,吸引了世界各地的學(xué)者,,并且催生了代數(shù)等新的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域,。

但是在1515年,奧斯曼帝國(guó)的蘇丹對(duì)印刷術(shù)頒布了禁令,,此舉阻礙了數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的發(fā)展,,從而使奧斯曼帝國(guó)逐布失去了世界文化中心的地位,。

西方印刷術(shù)是由約翰內(nèi)斯·古騰堡在1450年前后發(fā)明的,,它使書(shū)籍的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)成為了可能,,因此大大加快了西方世界的文化普及率。然而奧斯曼帝國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者卻認(rèn)為,,印刷術(shù)對(duì)帝國(guó)的現(xiàn)有秩序構(gòu)成了威脅,。

這位阿聯(lián)酋人工智能部長(zhǎng)表示,目前,,各國(guó)政策制定者也面臨著一系列與人工智能技術(shù)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題——比如人工智能技術(shù)有可能導(dǎo)致大批人口失業(yè),還有可能助長(zhǎng)虛假信息問(wèn)題,,以及引發(fā)人們對(duì)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的擔(dān)憂,。這些顧慮跟當(dāng)時(shí)的奧斯曼帝國(guó)蘇丹塞利姆一世面臨的情況如出一轍,。

“當(dāng)時(shí),,我們對(duì)一項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了過(guò)度監(jiān)管,那就是印刷術(shù),。”奧拉瑪說(shuō):“當(dāng)時(shí)世界各地都在積極采用印刷術(shù),,而它在中東卻被禁了200年,。”

這位阿聯(lián)酋部長(zhǎng)指出:“當(dāng)時(shí),,書(shū)法家們找到蘇丹說(shuō):‘我們要失業(yè)了,,做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)保護(hù)我們吧!’那些人當(dāng)時(shí)也是以就業(yè)保護(hù)為借口,,與現(xiàn)在AI的問(wèn)題何其相似,。而宗教學(xué)者們也表示,,印刷術(shù)會(huì)被別有用心的人用來(lái)印刷偽造的《古蘭經(jīng)》,,甚至導(dǎo)致社會(huì)腐敗——可見(jiàn)虛擬信息也是他們拿來(lái)作文章的一個(gè)借口,?!?/p>

最后,,奧拉瑪說(shuō),,正是對(duì)未知的恐懼,才導(dǎo)致奧斯曼帝國(guó)做出了這個(gè)致命的決定,。

“蘇丹的高級(jí)顧問(wèn)們表示:‘我們壓根不知道這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會(huì)帶來(lái)什么后果,,那就干脆先禁了吧,看看其他國(guó)家的樣子再做打算,?!?/p>

“3R”戰(zhàn)略

奧拉瑪今年33歲,不過(guò)他去年9月份就被《時(shí)代》雜志評(píng)選為全球人工智能領(lǐng)域最有影響力的100人之一,。他認(rèn)為,在人工智能的監(jiān)管問(wèn)題上,,政府有責(zé)任保持一個(gè)堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng),。

他表示,,對(duì)政策制定者而言,他們既要鼓勵(lì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)開(kāi)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng),另一方面要確保公眾不成為私營(yíng)部門(mén)技術(shù)追逐利潤(rùn)的犧牲品,。

“我們需要討論的是如何提升政府內(nèi)部人員的技能,,使他們能夠以最有效的方式進(jìn)行監(jiān)管,以確保他們的國(guó)家和人民不在發(fā)展的問(wèn)題上落在后面,?!?/p>

奧拉瑪表示,,在人工智能的發(fā)展上,,阿聯(lián)酋采取了“3R”戰(zhàn)略,,分別是技能升級(jí)(Reskill)、工具升級(jí)(Retool)和退休(Retire),。

對(duì)于那些會(huì)被人工智能技術(shù)影響的職業(yè),勞動(dòng)者們有必要重新學(xué)習(xí)其他技能,,好去從事那些不容易被AI取代的職業(yè),。

對(duì)于那些不會(huì)被AI取代的職業(yè),政府也有應(yīng)向勞動(dòng)者們提供必要手段,,使他們能夠充分利用AI技術(shù)提高生產(chǎn)力,。

對(duì)于那些年齡太大而無(wú)法接受再培訓(xùn)的工人,則將有機(jī)會(huì)享受提前退休,。

“我們的政策是讓人們相信他們是有選擇的,而不是讓人們覺(jué)得這一切是強(qiáng)加給他們的,,他們是可以主動(dòng)參與這一切的,,而不是像旁觀者一樣置身事外?!彼f(shuō):“對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),,積極應(yīng)對(duì)總比消極接受要好,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

Governments that overregulate artificial intelligence are risking grave and lasting consequences, Omar Al Olama—the world’s first minister of AI—has warned.

In fact, the impact could be so dire that it may consign a society to a fate similar to the Ottoman Empire, which lost its place as a beacon of advancement when it refused to adopt the printing press.

Speaking at the Fortune Global Forum in Abu Dhabi on Tuesday, the United Arab Emirates cabinet official drew on a cautionary tale from history.

During the Middle Ages, Islam’s caliphate stood at the height of civilization, attracting learned scholars the world over and giving birth to new fields like algebra.

However, in its 1515 repudiation of the printing press the empire rejected math and science—forfeiting its claim as a leading center of culture.

The 1450s invention by Johannes Gutenberg had democratized literacy for the first time—making books affordable through mass production in the West. However, in the Middle East, the Ottoman power center in Istanbul saw the device as a threat to the established order.

The UAE minister of AI said the issues policymakers are now facing with regard to AI—such as its impact on job losses, misinformation, and fear of social upheaval—are very similar to the problems faced by the empire’s then leader, Sultan Selim I.

“We overregulated a technology, which was the printing press,” said Al Olama. “It was adopted everywhere on Earth. The Middle East banned it for 200 years.

“The calligraphers came to the sultan and said: ‘We’re going to lose our jobs, do something to protect us’—so, job loss protection, very similar to AI,” the UAE minister explained. “The religious scholars said people are going to print fake versions of the Quran and corrupt society—misinformation, second reason.”

Lastly, Al Olama said, it was fear of the unknown that led to this fateful decision.

“The top advisors of the sultan said: ‘We actually do not know what this technology is going to do; let us ban it, see what happens to other societies, and then reconsider,’” he explained.

Reskill, retool, and retire

Instead, 33-year-old Al Olama, who was picked in September as one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in AI, argued that governments have a duty to hold the center ground on the contentious issue.

Policymakers need to ensure their constituents are not sacrificed on the altar of progress by a private sector that must compete to stay in business, he explained.

“What we need to be having is a dialogue about, how do you upskill professionals within governments to be able to regulate in the most effective manner to ensure their population is not left behind,” he said.

Al Olama said the UAE’s approach revolves around “three Rs”—reskill, retool, and retire.

Those workers whose jobs will be disrupted by AI need to become proficient in a different workforce role that is still needed.

Others who retain their role will have to be provided with the means to ensure they can fully take advantage of AI to increase their productivity.

Workers too old to be retrained will be offered the opportunity to retire early.

“What happens here is that people feel like they have a choice, people feel this is not something dictated on them. This is something they can actually play a part in or [watch] from the sidelines,” he said. “It’s better for us to be proactive rather than reactive.”

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