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英偉達(dá)的股價(jià)是否會(huì)重蹈特斯拉的覆轍,?

引領(lǐng)技術(shù)變革的夢(mèng)想令這只股票暴漲,但當(dāng)希望變成失望時(shí)股價(jià)暴跌,。

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英偉達(dá)首席執(zhí)行官黃仁勛與特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克都經(jīng)歷了股價(jià)大漲,。圖片來(lái)源:KIM KULISH—CORBIS/GETTY IMAGES

英偉達(dá)(Nvidia Corp.)的股價(jià)上漲引起股市關(guān)注,使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)屢創(chuàng)新高,。但它也讓人們回想起另外一家備受投資者鐘愛的股票,,引領(lǐng)技術(shù)變革的夢(mèng)想令這只股票暴漲,但當(dāng)希望變成失望時(shí)股價(jià)暴跌,。

這家公司就是特斯拉(Tesla Inc.),。2017年,投資者相信電動(dòng)汽車將會(huì)席卷全世界,,特斯拉的股票受到狂熱追捧,。當(dāng)時(shí),埃隆·馬斯克的特斯拉的市值超越了通用汽車(General Motors Co.),、福特汽車(Ford Motor Co.)等傳統(tǒng)汽車廠商,,成為美國(guó)市值最高的汽車廠商,變成一家現(xiàn)象級(jí)公司,。有分析師不只著眼于汽車行業(yè),,而是把特斯拉稱為“下一個(gè)蘋果(Apple Inc.)”。

現(xiàn)在,,特斯拉的股價(jià)較2021年的最高點(diǎn)下跌了超過(guò)50%,,而在特斯拉的帶動(dòng)下上漲的其他電動(dòng)汽車股票,,股價(jià)同樣大幅下跌。這應(yīng)該讓英偉達(dá)的投資者冷靜下來(lái),。投資者們認(rèn)為投資英偉達(dá)股票就是對(duì)人工智能的未來(lái)的無(wú)限押注,。

50 Park Investments公司的創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官亞當(dāng)·薩蘭在接受采訪時(shí)表示:“我們一次又一次地看到當(dāng)投資者被當(dāng)下的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新理念所吸引時(shí),邏輯就會(huì)被拋到一邊,。當(dāng)感性占據(jù)上風(fēng),,股價(jià)就有無(wú)限上漲空間?!?/p>

電動(dòng)汽車需求增長(zhǎng)放緩

從公司生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品到公司經(jīng)營(yíng)者的個(gè)性,,英偉達(dá)和特斯拉有許多區(qū)別。通過(guò)對(duì)比兩家公司得出的結(jié)論是驚人的相似,。

英偉達(dá)從一家小眾芯片公司發(fā)展成為全球規(guī)模最大的公司之一,,主要源于過(guò)去一年現(xiàn)象級(jí)的銷售增長(zhǎng)具有持續(xù)下去的潛力。2020年,,特斯拉的股價(jià)暴漲使其估值超過(guò)1.2萬(wàn)億美元,,股價(jià)暴漲的原因是投資者假定電動(dòng)汽車將會(huì)迅速普及,而且特斯拉將會(huì)主導(dǎo)電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng),。

但現(xiàn)實(shí)卻令人們的假設(shè)成空,。熱情的先行者已經(jīng)購(gòu)買了電動(dòng)汽車,而更有價(jià)格意識(shí)且不喜歡改變的消費(fèi)者接受新技術(shù)的時(shí)間超出了預(yù)期,,因此對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的需求放緩,。因此,2023年7月,,特斯拉股價(jià)較近期的最高點(diǎn)下跌了31%,,成為今年納斯達(dá)克100指數(shù)(Nasdaq 100 Index)跌幅最大的股票之一。

Value Point Capital的負(fù)責(zé)人薩米爾·巴辛說(shuō):“盡管有無(wú)人駕駛汽車,、Cybertruck等有潛力的項(xiàng)目,,但特斯拉的股價(jià)正在受到?jīng)_擊,。為什么呢,?它們正在失去市場(chǎng)份額,利潤(rùn)率下滑,。在科技領(lǐng)域,,這是致命的打擊?!?/p>

對(duì)英偉達(dá)而言,,要從炒作周期中找到任何衰退的跡象仍然為時(shí)尚早。位于美國(guó)加州圣克拉拉的英偉達(dá)連續(xù)四個(gè)季度業(yè)績(jī)出色,,這主要得益于其芯片需求旺盛,。英偉達(dá)的芯片被用于訓(xùn)練驅(qū)動(dòng)OpenAI的ChatGPT等人工智能應(yīng)用的大語(yǔ)言模型,。

2023年,英偉達(dá)的股價(jià)上漲超過(guò)兩倍,,2024年上漲66%,,依舊是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)中表現(xiàn)最好的一只股票。英偉達(dá)的市值突破2萬(wàn)億美元,,僅次于蘋果和微軟(Microsoft Corp.)兩家美國(guó)公司,。

關(guān)于人工智能將在各行各業(yè)和不同公司內(nèi)廣泛應(yīng)用的說(shuō)法,讓我們不由回想起互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所引起的轟動(dòng),,以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫前幾年的盛況,。但當(dāng)時(shí),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的估值基于燒錢獲得的“點(diǎn)擊量”等新指標(biāo),,但英偉達(dá)卻產(chǎn)生了巨額利潤(rùn),。據(jù)彭博社(Bloomberg)匯總的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2023年,,英偉達(dá)的凈利潤(rùn)上漲超過(guò)500%,,達(dá)到近300億美元,預(yù)計(jì)今年將翻一番,。

“人工智能狂熱”

豐厚的利潤(rùn)和火爆的銷售,,再加上公司持續(xù)超出預(yù)期的能力,將公司的估值指標(biāo)控制在合理范圍以內(nèi),。英偉達(dá)的市銷率為18,,這仍舊是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)中最高的市銷率。

目前,,該半導(dǎo)體廠商在圖形芯片領(lǐng)域擁有巨大的領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì),,該公司的芯片能夠處理人工智能模型中使用的大量數(shù)據(jù)。但其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手都磨刀霍霍,,準(zhǔn)備搶占它的市場(chǎng)份額,。超微半導(dǎo)體公司(Advanced Micro Devices Inc.)最近發(fā)布了一系列加速器產(chǎn)品,就連微軟等英偉達(dá)的客戶也在爭(zhēng)相開發(fā)芯片,。

Value Point Capital的薩米爾·巴辛稱:“如果你真得相信這種人工智能狂熱,,你就可以想象一下10年后的未來(lái),到那時(shí)人工智能將被應(yīng)用于諸多領(lǐng)域,,而且你需要那些能夠運(yùn)行只有英偉達(dá)可以提供的芯片的大型系統(tǒng),。即使投資者認(rèn)為會(huì)暫停買入,公司的股價(jià)就會(huì)受到影響,?!?/p>

這并不意味著要否認(rèn)電動(dòng)汽車或人工智能的顛覆能力。但這確實(shí)會(huì)引發(fā)一個(gè)問題,,那就是投資者是否在為可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法到來(lái)的未來(lái)增長(zhǎng)買單,?例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫時(shí)代的市場(chǎng)寵兒思科系統(tǒng)公司(Cisco Systems Inc.)現(xiàn)在依然是一家成功的公司,,但在最高點(diǎn)買入并持有思科股票的投資者,24年后仍然在等待彌補(bǔ)損失,。

Longboard Asset Management公司的首席執(zhí)行官兼資產(chǎn)組合經(jīng)理柯爾·威爾科克斯說(shuō):“之所以存在泡沫,,是因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)理念是真實(shí)的。但真實(shí)的宏觀趨勢(shì)并不意味著所有公司都是好的投資選擇,。你必須有能力區(qū)分優(yōu)劣,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

英偉達(dá)(Nvidia Corp.)的股價(jià)上漲引起股市關(guān)注,,使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)屢創(chuàng)新高,。但它也讓人們回想起另外一家備受投資者鐘愛的股票,引領(lǐng)技術(shù)變革的夢(mèng)想令這只股票暴漲,,但當(dāng)希望變成失望時(shí)股價(jià)暴跌,。

這家公司就是特斯拉(Tesla Inc.)。2017年,,投資者相信電動(dòng)汽車將會(huì)席卷全世界,,特斯拉的股票受到狂熱追捧。當(dāng)時(shí),,埃隆·馬斯克的特斯拉的市值超越了通用汽車(General Motors Co.),、福特汽車(Ford Motor Co.)等傳統(tǒng)汽車廠商,成為美國(guó)市值最高的汽車廠商,,變成一家現(xiàn)象級(jí)公司,。有分析師不只著眼于汽車行業(yè),而是把特斯拉稱為“下一個(gè)蘋果(Apple Inc.)”,。

現(xiàn)在,,特斯拉的股價(jià)較2021年的最高點(diǎn)下跌了超過(guò)50%,而在特斯拉的帶動(dòng)下上漲的其他電動(dòng)汽車股票,,股價(jià)同樣大幅下跌,。這應(yīng)該讓英偉達(dá)的投資者冷靜下來(lái)。投資者們認(rèn)為投資英偉達(dá)股票就是對(duì)人工智能的未來(lái)的無(wú)限押注,。

50 Park Investments公司的創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官亞當(dāng)·薩蘭在接受采訪時(shí)表示:“我們一次又一次地看到當(dāng)投資者被當(dāng)下的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新理念所吸引時(shí),,邏輯就會(huì)被拋到一邊。當(dāng)感性占據(jù)上風(fēng),,股價(jià)就有無(wú)限上漲空間,。”

電動(dòng)汽車需求增長(zhǎng)放緩

從公司生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品到公司經(jīng)營(yíng)者的個(gè)性,,英偉達(dá)和特斯拉有許多區(qū)別。通過(guò)對(duì)比兩家公司得出的結(jié)論是驚人的相似,。

英偉達(dá)從一家小眾芯片公司發(fā)展成為全球規(guī)模最大的公司之一,,主要源于過(guò)去一年現(xiàn)象級(jí)的銷售增長(zhǎng)具有持續(xù)下去的潛力,。2020年,特斯拉的股價(jià)暴漲使其估值超過(guò)1.2萬(wàn)億美元,,股價(jià)暴漲的原因是投資者假定電動(dòng)汽車將會(huì)迅速普及,,而且特斯拉將會(huì)主導(dǎo)電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)。

但現(xiàn)實(shí)卻令人們的假設(shè)成空,。熱情的先行者已經(jīng)購(gòu)買了電動(dòng)汽車,,而更有價(jià)格意識(shí)且不喜歡改變的消費(fèi)者接受新技術(shù)的時(shí)間超出了預(yù)期,因此對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的需求放緩,。因此,,2023年7月,特斯拉股價(jià)較近期的最高點(diǎn)下跌了31%,,成為今年納斯達(dá)克100指數(shù)(Nasdaq 100 Index)跌幅最大的股票之一,。

Value Point Capital的負(fù)責(zé)人薩米爾·巴辛說(shuō):“盡管有無(wú)人駕駛汽車、Cybertruck等有潛力的項(xiàng)目,,但特斯拉的股價(jià)正在受到?jīng)_擊,。為什么呢?它們正在失去市場(chǎng)份額,,利潤(rùn)率下滑,。在科技領(lǐng)域,這是致命的打擊,?!?/p>

對(duì)英偉達(dá)而言,要從炒作周期中找到任何衰退的跡象仍然為時(shí)尚早,。位于美國(guó)加州圣克拉拉的英偉達(dá)連續(xù)四個(gè)季度業(yè)績(jī)出色,,這主要得益于其芯片需求旺盛。英偉達(dá)的芯片被用于訓(xùn)練驅(qū)動(dòng)OpenAI的ChatGPT等人工智能應(yīng)用的大語(yǔ)言模型,。

2023年,,英偉達(dá)的股價(jià)上漲超過(guò)兩倍,2024年上漲66%,,依舊是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)中表現(xiàn)最好的一只股票,。英偉達(dá)的市值突破2萬(wàn)億美元,僅次于蘋果和微軟(Microsoft Corp.)兩家美國(guó)公司,。

關(guān)于人工智能將在各行各業(yè)和不同公司內(nèi)廣泛應(yīng)用的說(shuō)法,,讓我們不由回想起互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所引起的轟動(dòng),以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫前幾年的盛況,。但當(dāng)時(shí),,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的估值基于燒錢獲得的“點(diǎn)擊量”等新指標(biāo),但英偉達(dá)卻產(chǎn)生了巨額利潤(rùn)。據(jù)彭博社(Bloomberg)匯總的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,2023年,,英偉達(dá)的凈利潤(rùn)上漲超過(guò)500%,達(dá)到近300億美元,,預(yù)計(jì)今年將翻一番,。

“人工智能狂熱”

豐厚的利潤(rùn)和火爆的銷售,再加上公司持續(xù)超出預(yù)期的能力,,將公司的估值指標(biāo)控制在合理范圍以內(nèi),。英偉達(dá)的市銷率為18,這仍舊是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)中最高的市銷率,。

目前,,該半導(dǎo)體廠商在圖形芯片領(lǐng)域擁有巨大的領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì),該公司的芯片能夠處理人工智能模型中使用的大量數(shù)據(jù),。但其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手都磨刀霍霍,,準(zhǔn)備搶占它的市場(chǎng)份額。超微半導(dǎo)體公司(Advanced Micro Devices Inc.)最近發(fā)布了一系列加速器產(chǎn)品,,就連微軟等英偉達(dá)的客戶也在爭(zhēng)相開發(fā)芯片,。

Value Point Capital的薩米爾·巴辛稱:“如果你真得相信這種人工智能狂熱,你就可以想象一下10年后的未來(lái),,到那時(shí)人工智能將被應(yīng)用于諸多領(lǐng)域,,而且你需要那些能夠運(yùn)行只有英偉達(dá)可以提供的芯片的大型系統(tǒng)。即使投資者認(rèn)為會(huì)暫停買入,,公司的股價(jià)就會(huì)受到影響,。”

這并不意味著要否認(rèn)電動(dòng)汽車或人工智能的顛覆能力,。但這確實(shí)會(huì)引發(fā)一個(gè)問題,,那就是投資者是否在為可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法到來(lái)的未來(lái)增長(zhǎng)買單?例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫時(shí)代的市場(chǎng)寵兒思科系統(tǒng)公司(Cisco Systems Inc.)現(xiàn)在依然是一家成功的公司,,但在最高點(diǎn)買入并持有思科股票的投資者,,24年后仍然在等待彌補(bǔ)損失。

Longboard Asset Management公司的首席執(zhí)行官兼資產(chǎn)組合經(jīng)理柯爾·威爾科克斯說(shuō):“之所以存在泡沫,,是因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)理念是真實(shí)的,。但真實(shí)的宏觀趨勢(shì)并不意味著所有公司都是好的投資選擇。你必須有能力區(qū)分優(yōu)劣,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Nvidia Corp.’s rise is captivating the stock market and driving the S&P 500 Index to new highs. But it also raises cautionary reminders of another investor darling that soared on dreams of a technological transformation, only to tumble back to earth when those hopes turned to disappointment.

That stock belongs to Tesla Inc., which sparked its own mania in 2017 as investors bet that electric vehicles were going to take over the world. Back then, Elon Musk’s company was a phenomenon as it blew past established carmakers like General Motors Co. and Ford Motor Co. in market capitalization to become America’s biggest auto manufacturer. Some analysts were looking beyond the industry and calling it “the next Apple Inc.”

Now, Tesla shares are down more than 50% from their 2021 peak, and other EV stocks that raced higher with it are shadows of their former selves. All of which should be sobering for Nvidia investors who see the stock as a limitless bet on an AI future.

“We have seen time and again that when investors fall in love with the idea of the technology innovation du jour, logic takes a back seat” Adam Sarhan, founder and CEO of 50 Park Investments, said in an interview. “And when emotion takes over, sky is the limit.”

EV slowdown

There are plenty of differences between Nvidia and Tesla, from the products they make to the personalities of the men that run the companies. But the parallels are striking.

Nvidia’s rise from niche chipmaker to one of the biggest companies in the world is based on the premise that its phenomenal sales growth over the past year has staying power. Tesla’s big breakout rally, which occurred in 2020 and put its valuation well over $1.2 trillion, was pinned on the assumption that EVs would be adopted widely and quickly, and that it would be the company to dominate that market.

But reality has interrupted that story. Demand for EVs is slowing as the wave of enthusiastic first adopters have already bought, and more price-conscious, change-averse consumers are taking longer than expected to convert to a new technology. As a result, Tesla is down 31% from its recent high last July and is one of the biggest percentage decliners in the Nasdaq 100 Index this year.

“There’s all this potential about the driverless car, the cybertruck and the stock is getting hit. Why? They are losing market share and they are losing margins. In the tech world that is the kiss of death,” said Sameer Bhasin, principal at Value Point Capital.

For Nvidia, it’s too early in the hype cycle for any signs of a slowdown. The Santa Clara, California-based company has delivered blow-out results for four consecutive quarters, fueled by what appears to be insatiable demand for its chips used to train large language models that power AI applications like OpenAI’s ChatGPT.

After more than tripling last year, the stock in 2024 is again the best performer in the S&P 500 Index, with a 66% advance. Its market value of more than $2 trillion trails only two US companies — Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp.

The talk of broad-based use of AI across industries and businesses brings to mind the excitement around the internet and the years leading into the dot-com bubble. But unlike that era, when internet companies were being valued on new metrics like “clicks” while bleeding cash, Nvidia is pumping out massive profits. Net income jumped more than 500% to nearly $30 billion last year and is projected to double in the current year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

“AI frenzy”

Those big profits and sales, along with the company’s ability to continually beat estimates, has helped keep a lid on valuation metrics. Still, Nvidia has the highest price-to-sales ratio in the S&P 500 at 18.

Currently, the semiconductor manufacturer has a sizable lead in the types of graphics chips that excel at crunching large amounts of data used in AI models. But its competitors are eager to grab a piece of that market. Advanced Micro Devices Inc. recently released a line of accelerators, and even Nvidia’s customers like Microsoft Corp. are racing to develop chips.

“If you really believe in this AI frenzy, you can visualize a future 10 years from now where AI is embedded in a lot of places, and you need these massive systems running chips that can only be delivered by Nvidia,” said Sameer Bhasin, principal at Value Point Capital. “Even if there’s a perception of a pause in buying, the stock will get hit.”

None of this is meant to dismiss the disruptive power of electric cars or AI. But it does raise the question of whether investors are paying for a future growth that may never arrive? Just as a market darling of the dot-com era, Cisco Systems Inc., is still a successful company, but investors who bought the stock around its peak and held on are still waiting to recoup their losses — 24 years later.

“The bubble exists because the underlying idea is real,” said Cole Wilcox, CEO and portfolio manager at Longboard Asset Management. “But just because the general macro wave is real, it doesn’t mean that all of these ventures are going to turn out to be good investments. You will have to be able to separate the winners from the losers.”

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