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福特前首席執(zhí)行官警告,電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)將面臨“財(cái)務(wù)困境”

Steve Mollman
2024-03-19

福特汽車(chē)的前首席執(zhí)行官馬克·菲爾茲表示,,向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)型需要的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)超預(yù)期,,這會(huì)給電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)公司造成影響。

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福特汽車(chē)前首席執(zhí)行官馬克·菲爾茲,。圖片來(lái)源:DREW ANGERER/GETTY IMAGES

本年度迄今為止,,對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)公司而言是糟糕的一年。情況可能還會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化,。

問(wèn)題并不在于電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售停滯,。事實(shí)上,雖然銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)速度有所放緩,,但增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭沒(méi)有改變,。真正的問(wèn)題在于,增長(zhǎng)的速度不及汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的預(yù)期,。

福特汽車(chē)(Ford)的前首席執(zhí)行官馬克·菲爾茲于3月15日在接受美國(guó)消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)的《華爾街直播室》(Squawk on the Street)欄目采訪(fǎng)時(shí)說(shuō):“增長(zhǎng)速度沒(méi)有達(dá)到所有汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的預(yù)期,。”他補(bǔ)充道,,這是因?yàn)槲覀冋诮?jīng)歷電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的降價(jià)銷(xiāo)售,、庫(kù)存增長(zhǎng)和銷(xiāo)售激勵(lì)措施的增加。

他指出,,早期電動(dòng)汽車(chē)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者的購(gòu)車(chē)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與普通汽車(chē)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)者不同,,他們更注重創(chuàng)新和環(huán)境影響。但許多車(chē)主已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了汽車(chē),,現(xiàn)在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商必須贏得更注重成本和便利的普通消費(fèi)者,。對(duì)這些消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō),充電時(shí)間和充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足是突出的問(wèn)題,除此之外還有維修成本和轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)值等,。

菲爾茲稱(chēng):“主流市場(chǎng)的消費(fèi)者會(huì)說(shuō),,你知道嗎,在你解決了所有問(wèn)題之后,,我就會(huì)真正考慮買(mǎi)電動(dòng)汽車(chē),。但在此之前,我還是繼續(xù)開(kāi)內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車(chē),,或者混合動(dòng)力車(chē),,目前混合動(dòng)力車(chē)對(duì)消費(fèi)者而言一種很好的解決方案?!?/p>

混合動(dòng)力車(chē)的銷(xiāo)量激增,,這讓豐田汽車(chē)(Toyota)受益匪淺。豐田最早推出這項(xiàng)技術(shù),,而且它一直警告向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)型所需要的時(shí)間會(huì)超出許多人的預(yù)期,。福特汽車(chē)的混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量同樣出現(xiàn)了激增,他們還計(jì)劃推出更多車(chē)型,,盡管該公司因?yàn)殇N(xiāo)售不及預(yù)期而減慢了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)計(jì)劃,。

但菲爾茲對(duì)于向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)型的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有任何質(zhì)疑。

他說(shuō):“轉(zhuǎn)型一定會(huì)發(fā)生,,但需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,。”他補(bǔ)充道,,這會(huì)讓最近幾年期待電動(dòng)汽車(chē)更快普及而成立的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商陷入困境,。

菲爾茲稱(chēng):“在這個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,許多公司會(huì)陷入真正的財(cái)務(wù)困境,,你會(huì)看到現(xiàn)在這種情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生,。”

困境中的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)公司

3月13日,,《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》(Wall Street Journal)報(bào)道說(shuō),,特斯拉(Tesla)的挑戰(zhàn)者Fisker已經(jīng)聘請(qǐng)了重組顧問(wèn),,幫助處理可能提起的破產(chǎn)申請(qǐng),。次日,該電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的股價(jià)下跌了約50%,。Fisker表示它“經(jīng)?!迸c外部顧問(wèn)合作,而且公司正在嘗試與一家大型汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商合作,,據(jù)路透社(Reuters)本月早些時(shí)候爆料,,這家汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商可能是日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)(Nissan)。3月15日,F(xiàn)isker的股價(jià)有所反彈,。

但Fisker的市值為9,700萬(wàn)美元,,與2021年的41億美元相比已經(jīng)大幅縮水。該公司面臨從美國(guó)紐約證券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)退市的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),,而且上個(gè)月它進(jìn)行了裁員,,并警告其可能無(wú)法繼續(xù)正常運(yùn)營(yíng)。

與此同時(shí),,亞馬遜(Amazon)投資的Rivian最近宣布,,為了節(jié)約數(shù)十億美元,將推遲在佐治亞建廠(chǎng)的計(jì)劃,,以打消外界對(duì)其沒(méi)有足夠資金順利推出下一款車(chē)型R2的擔(dān)憂(yōu),。

在此之前,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克曾經(jīng)在上個(gè)月指出,,剛剛宣布裁員的Rivian只有六個(gè)季度左右的時(shí)間,,否則將會(huì)破產(chǎn)。他在X上發(fā)帖稱(chēng):“他們需要大幅削減成本,,而且高管團(tuán)隊(duì)要住在工廠(chǎng)里,,否則公司就會(huì)倒閉?!?/p>

Rivian的市值從2021年的最高點(diǎn)1,530億美元,,下跌到今天的108億美元。

而沙特投資的Lucid,,市值從2001年最高點(diǎn)的914億美元,,下跌到今天的62億美元。上個(gè)月,,Lucid表示今年的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量只有約9,000輛,,遠(yuǎn)低于其三年前預(yù)測(cè)的2024年90,000輛的目標(biāo)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

本年度迄今為止,,對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)公司而言是糟糕的一年,。情況可能還會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化。

問(wèn)題并不在于電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售停滯,。事實(shí)上,,雖然銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)速度有所放緩,但增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭沒(méi)有改變,。真正的問(wèn)題在于,,增長(zhǎng)的速度不及汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的預(yù)期。

福特汽車(chē)(Ford)的前首席執(zhí)行官馬克·菲爾茲于3月15日在接受美國(guó)消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)的《華爾街直播室》(Squawk on the Street)欄目采訪(fǎng)時(shí)說(shuō):“增長(zhǎng)速度沒(méi)有達(dá)到所有汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的預(yù)期,?!彼a(bǔ)充道,,這是因?yàn)槲覀冋诮?jīng)歷電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的降價(jià)銷(xiāo)售、庫(kù)存增長(zhǎng)和銷(xiāo)售激勵(lì)措施的增加,。

他指出,,早期電動(dòng)汽車(chē)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者的購(gòu)車(chē)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與普通汽車(chē)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)者不同,他們更注重創(chuàng)新和環(huán)境影響,。但許多車(chē)主已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了汽車(chē),,現(xiàn)在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商必須贏得更注重成本和便利的普通消費(fèi)者。對(duì)這些消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō),,充電時(shí)間和充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足是突出的問(wèn)題,,除此之外還有維修成本和轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)值等。

菲爾茲稱(chēng):“主流市場(chǎng)的消費(fèi)者會(huì)說(shuō),,你知道嗎,在你解決了所有問(wèn)題之后,,我就會(huì)真正考慮買(mǎi)電動(dòng)汽車(chē),。但在此之前,,我還是繼續(xù)開(kāi)內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車(chē),或者混合動(dòng)力車(chē),,目前混合動(dòng)力車(chē)對(duì)消費(fèi)者而言一種很好的解決方案,?!?/p>

混合動(dòng)力車(chē)的銷(xiāo)量激增,,這讓豐田汽車(chē)(Toyota)受益匪淺。豐田最早推出這項(xiàng)技術(shù),,而且它一直警告向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)型所需要的時(shí)間會(huì)超出許多人的預(yù)期,。福特汽車(chē)的混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量同樣出現(xiàn)了激增,,他們還計(jì)劃推出更多車(chē)型,,盡管該公司因?yàn)殇N(xiāo)售不及預(yù)期而減慢了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)計(jì)劃,。

但菲爾茲對(duì)于向電動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)型的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有任何質(zhì)疑,。

他說(shuō):“轉(zhuǎn)型一定會(huì)發(fā)生,但需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,?!彼a(bǔ)充道,這會(huì)讓最近幾年期待電動(dòng)汽車(chē)更快普及而成立的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商陷入困境,。

菲爾茲稱(chēng):“在這個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,許多公司會(huì)陷入真正的財(cái)務(wù)困境,,你會(huì)看到現(xiàn)在這種情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生?!?/p>

困境中的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)初創(chuàng)公司

3月13日,《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》(Wall Street Journal)報(bào)道說(shuō),,特斯拉(Tesla)的挑戰(zhàn)者Fisker已經(jīng)聘請(qǐng)了重組顧問(wèn),幫助處理可能提起的破產(chǎn)申請(qǐng),。次日,,該電動(dòng)汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商的股價(jià)下跌了約50%,。Fisker表示它“經(jīng)?!迸c外部顧問(wèn)合作,而且公司正在嘗試與一家大型汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商合作,,據(jù)路透社(Reuters)本月早些時(shí)候爆料,這家汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商可能是日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)(Nissan),。3月15日,,F(xiàn)isker的股價(jià)有所反彈,。

但Fisker的市值為9,700萬(wàn)美元,,與2021年的41億美元相比已經(jīng)大幅縮水。該公司面臨從美國(guó)紐約證券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)退市的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),,而且上個(gè)月它進(jìn)行了裁員,,并警告其可能無(wú)法繼續(xù)正常運(yùn)營(yíng),。

與此同時(shí),,亞馬遜(Amazon)投資的Rivian最近宣布,,為了節(jié)約數(shù)十億美元,,將推遲在佐治亞建廠(chǎng)的計(jì)劃,,以打消外界對(duì)其沒(méi)有足夠資金順利推出下一款車(chē)型R2的擔(dān)憂(yōu),。

在此之前,,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克曾經(jīng)在上個(gè)月指出,,剛剛宣布裁員的Rivian只有六個(gè)季度左右的時(shí)間,,否則將會(huì)破產(chǎn),。他在X上發(fā)帖稱(chēng):“他們需要大幅削減成本,而且高管團(tuán)隊(duì)要住在工廠(chǎng)里,,否則公司就會(huì)倒閉,?!?/p>

Rivian的市值從2021年的最高點(diǎn)1,530億美元,,下跌到今天的108億美元,。

而沙特投資的Lucid,,市值從2001年最高點(diǎn)的914億美元,,下跌到今天的62億美元。上個(gè)月,,Lucid表示今年的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量只有約9,000輛,,遠(yuǎn)低于其三年前預(yù)測(cè)的2024年90,000輛的目標(biāo)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

It’s been a bad year so far for startups offering electric vehicles. It could get a lot worse.

The problem is not that EV sales aren’t growing. They are, despite a slowdown. It’s that they’re not growing as quickly as carmakers had anticipated.

“The pace that all the automakers were expecting is not there,” former Ford CEO Mark Fields told CNBC’s Squawk on the Street on March 15. That, he added, is why we’re seeing price cuts, rising inventories, and increased incentives from EV makers.

Early EV adopters, he noted, have different purchase criteria—such as innovation and environmental impact—than average buyers. But many of them have already purchased their vehicles, and now EV makers must win over everyday consumers more focused on cost and convenience. For them, charging time and inadequate charging infrastructure loom large, in addition to repair costs and resale value.

“The consumer in the mainstream market is going to say, you know what, when you figure all that stuff out, then I’ll really consider this,” said Fields. “But until then, I’ll either stick with my internal combustion engine, or alternatively, as you’re seeing, with hybrids, a really great solution for consumers right now.”

Sales of hybrid vehicles are soaring, much to the benefit of Toyota, which pioneered the technology and has long warned that the EV transition will take longer than many believed. Ford has also enjoyed surging hybrid sales and plans to offer more such vehicles, even as it decelerates its EV plans given weaker-than-expected sales.

But Fields harbors no doubts about the transition to EVs.

“The transition will absolutely happen, but it’s going to take longer,” he said. And that, he added, spells difficulty for EV makers launched in recent years with the expectation of faster EV adoption.

“With this longer path, a number of them are going to get into real financial trouble, and you’re seeing that play out right now,” he said.

Struggling EV startups

On March 13, the Wall Street Journal reported that Tesla challenger Fisker had hired restructuring advisors to help with a possible bankruptcy filing. The EV maker’s shares fell by roughly 50% the next day. They recovered somewhat on March 15, after Fisker said it “often” works with outside advisors and that it was focused on trying to partner with a large automaker, which Reuters reported earlier this month might be Nissan.

But Fisker’s market cap stands at $97 million, down from $4.1 billion in 2021. It risks being delisted from the New York Stock Exchange, and last month it cut jobs and warned it might unable to continue as a going concern.

Meanwhile, Amazon-backed Rivian recently announced that it will delay factory plans in Georgia in order to save billions of dollars, helping to ease worries that it lacked sufficient funding to see it through the launch of its next model, the R2.

That followed Tesla CEO Elon Musk suggesting last month that Rivian, which had just announced layoffs, had only six quarters or so until bankruptcy. “They need to cut costs massively, and the exec team needs to live in the factory or they will die,” he posted on X.

Rivian’s market cap has plunged from a 2021 peak of $153 billion to $10.8 billion today.

As for Saudi-backed Lucid, its market cap has plummeted from a peak of $91.4 billion in 2001 to a $6.2 billion today. Last month, it said it would build only about 9,000 EVs this year—a far cry from the 90,000 it predicted for 2024 just three years ago.

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