格里·卡迪納爾事業(yè)有成:他在高盛(Goldman Sachs)工作了二十年,,創(chuàng)建了一家規(guī)模接近100億美元的私募股權(quán)公司紅鳥資本(RedBird Capital),還與體育娛樂界的名人建立了深厚的友誼,,包括喬治·施泰因布倫納,、本·阿弗萊克和巨石強森等。
他操盤了多筆巨額交易,,如紅鳥資本在2022年以12億美元收購著名意大利足球俱樂部AC米蘭(AC Milan),。但對于那些想要擁有一支球隊的人們,他有一條忠告:“現(xiàn)在體育不再是富人的業(yè)余愛好,?!?/p>
他對《財富》雜志表示:“體育是一個規(guī)模達數(shù)十億美元的現(xiàn)場比賽娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè),你必須具備人脈關(guān)系和覆蓋各種活動的跨學(xué)科技能,,才能經(jīng)營好體育產(chǎn)業(yè),。”
作為一位體育和傳媒領(lǐng)域多產(chǎn)的投資者,,卡迪納爾認(rèn)為,,體育被本地大亨們用于滿足虛榮心的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返。相反,,來自最頂級的,、手握海量資本的全球投資者的國際競爭,,意味著即使體育這種娛樂事業(yè)現(xiàn)在也需要嚴(yán)肅的管理。
卡迪納爾在高盛商業(yè)銀行部門工作了20年,,曾參與過各種客戶的不同交易,,包括財力雄厚的兩支球隊紐約洋基隊(New York Yankees)和達拉斯牛仔隊(Dallas Cowboys)的交易??ǖ霞{爾幫助洋基隊成立了洋基娛樂與體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Yankee Entertainment and Sports Network),,并為該球隊的新賽場提供資金。他與達拉斯牛仔隊的老板杰瑞·瓊斯是老相識,,他們合作成立了一家專注于體育場館運營的公司Legends Hospitality,。卡迪納爾表示:“我在體育產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇的模式依舊是——而且一直都是——與球隊或聯(lián)盟等權(quán)利持有人合作,,并圍繞這些權(quán)利構(gòu)建終值業(yè)務(wù),。”
在紅鳥資本,,他有將體育與娛樂相結(jié)合的訣竅,。例如,紅鳥資本投資了勒布朗·詹姆斯的傳媒公司SpringHill Company,,并幫助邁克爾·B·喬丹和瑞恩·雷諾茲投資F1車隊Alpine Racing,。紅鳥資本甚至與巨石強森合作,買下了極限職業(yè)橄欖球聯(lián)盟(Xtreme Football League),。
過去15年,,全球有大量資金投入足球產(chǎn)業(yè),例如中東等地的石油資本,、俄羅斯和東歐的寡頭以及亞洲和美國的各路大亨,。大多數(shù)投資者像經(jīng)營企業(yè)一樣管理球隊,他們投入大量資金以獲得有利可圖的贊助商,,建設(shè)體育場館和訓(xùn)練場等頂級基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,,當(dāng)然還要簽下最優(yōu)秀的運動員,通常會開出創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的價格,。這讓體育這個曾經(jīng)的娛樂活動,,變成了一個蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)。
卡迪納爾認(rèn)為,,他能成功,,得益于他認(rèn)識的另外一位名人的幫助,他就是比利·比恩,。他看到了將因比恩而知名的“魔球”理論付諸實踐的機會,。
卡迪納爾將“魔球”理論帶到意大利
卡迪納爾說道:“比利讓我大開眼界,他讓我看到了即使在轉(zhuǎn)會市場和降級方面面臨風(fēng)險,,但一位具有創(chuàng)造力和致力于打造公司而且像我一樣具有創(chuàng)業(yè)思維的投資者,,投資歐洲足球產(chǎn)業(yè)的潛力,。
轉(zhuǎn)會市場的問題是,財力最雄厚的俱樂部會在競爭中開出高價,,使魔球式的球員招募更難執(zhí)行,。卡迪納爾在2020年以1,500萬美元買下法國圖盧茲足球俱樂部(Toulouse FC)后,,確實曾經(jīng)歷過降級風(fēng)險,,但該球隊在降級后的一個賽季,又重新回到了法國頂級聯(lián)賽,。
比恩說服了卡迪納爾繼續(xù)投資歐洲足球,。卡迪納爾表示:“比利認(rèn)為,,魔球理論在歐洲足球市場非常有效,。”
比恩小時候很少踢球,,但2003年他和妻子的一次倫敦之旅,,讓他對足球產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。他與法國足球高管達米恩·科莫利不期而遇,,后者是他的魔球理論的忠實擁護者,。科莫利后來受雇于英國球隊利物浦俱樂部(Liverpool F.C.),,該球隊的所有者是約翰·亨利的芬威體育集團(Fenway Sports Group,,F(xiàn)SG),該集團旗下還有波士頓紅襪隊(Boston Red Sox),。比恩的影響力發(fā)揮了作用:作為比恩的長期忠實擁護者,亨利甚至邀請比恩擔(dān)任棒球隊的總經(jīng)理,,并提出了棒球歷史上最高的薪酬,。比恩婉拒了他的邀請后,亨利聘請了精通數(shù)據(jù)分析的天才西奧·愛潑斯坦,,他后來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)紅襪隊和小熊隊(Cubs)贏得了具有歷史意義的冠軍,。2017年,愛潑斯坦進入《財富》全球最偉大領(lǐng)袖榜,,并名列榜首,。
2020年10月,芬威體育集團準(zhǔn)備通過一家特殊目的實體上市,,貝恩和卡迪納爾擔(dān)任該特殊目的實體的聯(lián)席董事長,。當(dāng)時,比恩和亨利確實有望成為職業(yè)上的伙伴,,但最終未能成功,。但在那段時間建立的聯(lián)系使卡迪納爾和芬威體育集團選擇繼續(xù)合作,。
2021年3月,紅鳥資本以7.35億美元的價格,,收購了芬威體育集團約10%的股份,。卡迪納爾甚至邀請了其人脈中的多位名人,,例如勒布朗·詹姆斯也獲得了一部分所有權(quán)股份,。卡迪納爾在米蘭的計劃,,與芬威體育集團振興衰弱的巨人——利物浦俱樂部的做法基本一致,。利物浦俱樂部經(jīng)過多年努力之后,才在球場上取得老板們所期待的戰(zhàn)績,。然而,,老板的計劃似乎是有效的,2019年,,利物浦俱樂部在歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽中奪冠,,2020年,該球隊在30年來首次贏得英格蘭足球超級聯(lián)賽冠軍,。
隨著芬威體育集團在利物浦的策略已經(jīng)大獲成功,,卡迪納爾或許可以加快改造米蘭的進程??ǖ霞{爾已經(jīng)將比恩的陣容構(gòu)建分析融入了自己的管理理念,,并且試圖在此基礎(chǔ)上進行改進??ǖ霞{爾在2023年《金融時報》的一次會議上表示:“拿出數(shù)據(jù)……就是競爭優(yōu)勢的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返,。但我們使用數(shù)據(jù)的方式讓我們與競爭對手區(qū)分開來?!?/p>
雖然卡迪納爾是一位金融高管,,熱衷于分析,但與好友比恩一樣,,他從來沒有忽視在賽場上獲勝的重要性,。事實上,他認(rèn)為場上的勝利對于球隊在商業(yè)上的成功至關(guān)重要,??ǖ霞{爾說道:“場上的表現(xiàn)和場外的表現(xiàn)像文氏圖一樣相互交織。它們對彼此都至關(guān)重要,。這是我投資體育產(chǎn)業(yè)30年所得到的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),,而且我認(rèn)為這種理念行之有效?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
格里·卡迪納爾事業(yè)有成:他在高盛(Goldman Sachs)工作了二十年,,創(chuàng)建了一家規(guī)模接近100億美元的私募股權(quán)公司紅鳥資本(RedBird Capital),,還與體育娛樂界的名人建立了深厚的友誼,包括喬治·施泰因布倫納,、本·阿弗萊克和巨石強森等,。
他操盤了多筆巨額交易,如紅鳥資本在2022年以12億美元收購著名意大利足球俱樂部AC米蘭(AC Milan),。但對于那些想要擁有一支球隊的人們,,他有一條忠告:“現(xiàn)在體育不再是富人的業(yè)余愛好?!?/p>
他對《財富》雜志表示:“體育是一個規(guī)模達數(shù)十億美元的現(xiàn)場比賽娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè),,你必須具備人脈關(guān)系和覆蓋各種活動的跨學(xué)科技能,才能經(jīng)營好體育產(chǎn)業(yè),?!?/p>
作為一位體育和傳媒領(lǐng)域多產(chǎn)的投資者,卡迪納爾認(rèn)為,,體育被本地大亨們用于滿足虛榮心的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返,。相反,來自最頂級的,、手握海量資本的全球投資者的國際競爭,,意味著即使體育這種娛樂事業(yè)現(xiàn)在也需要嚴(yán)肅的管理。
卡迪納爾在高盛商業(yè)銀行部門工作了20年,,曾參與過各種客戶的不同交易,,包括財力雄厚的兩支球隊紐約洋基隊(New York Yankees)和達拉斯牛仔隊(Dallas Cowboys)的交易??ǖ霞{爾幫助洋基隊成立了洋基娛樂與體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Yankee Entertainment and Sports Network),,并為該球隊的新賽場提供資金。他與達拉斯牛仔隊的老板杰瑞·瓊斯是老相識,,他們合作成立了一家專注于體育場館運營的公司Legends Hospitality,。卡迪納爾表示:“我在體育產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇的模式依舊是——而且一直都是——與球隊或聯(lián)盟等權(quán)利持有人合作,,并圍繞這些權(quán)利構(gòu)建終值業(yè)務(wù),?!?/p>
在紅鳥資本,,他有將體育與娛樂相結(jié)合的訣竅。例如,,紅鳥資本投資了勒布朗·詹姆斯的傳媒公司SpringHill Company,,并幫助邁克爾·B·喬丹和瑞恩·雷諾茲投資F1車隊Alpine Racing。紅鳥資本甚至與巨石強森合作,,買下了極限職業(yè)橄欖球聯(lián)盟(Xtreme Football League),。
過去15年,,全球有大量資金投入足球產(chǎn)業(yè),例如中東等地的石油資本,、俄羅斯和東歐的寡頭以及亞洲和美國的各路大亨,。大多數(shù)投資者像經(jīng)營企業(yè)一樣管理球隊,他們投入大量資金以獲得有利可圖的贊助商,,建設(shè)體育場館和訓(xùn)練場等頂級基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,,當(dāng)然還要簽下最優(yōu)秀的運動員,通常會開出創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的價格,。這讓體育這個曾經(jīng)的娛樂活動,,變成了一個蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)。
卡迪納爾認(rèn)為,,他能成功,,得益于他認(rèn)識的另外一位名人的幫助,他就是比利·比恩,。他看到了將因比恩而知名的“魔球”理論付諸實踐的機會,。
卡迪納爾將“魔球”理論帶到意大利
卡迪納爾說道:“比利讓我大開眼界,他讓我看到了即使在轉(zhuǎn)會市場和降級方面面臨風(fēng)險,,但一位具有創(chuàng)造力和致力于打造公司而且像我一樣具有創(chuàng)業(yè)思維的投資者,,投資歐洲足球產(chǎn)業(yè)的潛力。
轉(zhuǎn)會市場的問題是,,財力最雄厚的俱樂部會在競爭中開出高價,,使魔球式的球員招募更難執(zhí)行??ǖ霞{爾在2020年以1,500萬美元買下法國圖盧茲足球俱樂部(Toulouse FC)后,,確實曾經(jīng)歷過降級風(fēng)險,但該球隊在降級后的一個賽季,,又重新回到了法國頂級聯(lián)賽,。
比恩說服了卡迪納爾繼續(xù)投資歐洲足球??ǖ霞{爾表示:“比利認(rèn)為,,魔球理論在歐洲足球市場非常有效?!?/p>
比恩小時候很少踢球,,但2003年他和妻子的一次倫敦之旅,讓他對足球產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣,。他與法國足球高管達米恩·科莫利不期而遇,,后者是他的魔球理論的忠實擁護者。科莫利后來受雇于英國球隊利物浦俱樂部(Liverpool F.C.),,該球隊的所有者是約翰·亨利的芬威體育集團(Fenway Sports Group,,F(xiàn)SG),該集團旗下還有波士頓紅襪隊(Boston Red Sox),。比恩的影響力發(fā)揮了作用:作為比恩的長期忠實擁護者,,亨利甚至邀請比恩擔(dān)任棒球隊的總經(jīng)理,并提出了棒球歷史上最高的薪酬,。比恩婉拒了他的邀請后,,亨利聘請了精通數(shù)據(jù)分析的天才西奧·愛潑斯坦,他后來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)紅襪隊和小熊隊(Cubs)贏得了具有歷史意義的冠軍,。2017年,,愛潑斯坦進入《財富》全球最偉大領(lǐng)袖榜,并名列榜首,。
2020年10月,,芬威體育集團準(zhǔn)備通過一家特殊目的實體上市,貝恩和卡迪納爾擔(dān)任該特殊目的實體的聯(lián)席董事長,。當(dāng)時,,比恩和亨利確實有望成為職業(yè)上的伙伴,但最終未能成功,。但在那段時間建立的聯(lián)系使卡迪納爾和芬威體育集團選擇繼續(xù)合作,。
2021年3月,紅鳥資本以7.35億美元的價格,,收購了芬威體育集團約10%的股份,。卡迪納爾甚至邀請了其人脈中的多位名人,,例如勒布朗·詹姆斯也獲得了一部分所有權(quán)股份,。卡迪納爾在米蘭的計劃,,與芬威體育集團振興衰弱的巨人——利物浦俱樂部的做法基本一致,。利物浦俱樂部經(jīng)過多年努力之后,才在球場上取得老板們所期待的戰(zhàn)績,。然而,,老板的計劃似乎是有效的,2019年,,利物浦俱樂部在歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽中奪冠,,2020年,該球隊在30年來首次贏得英格蘭足球超級聯(lián)賽冠軍,。
隨著芬威體育集團在利物浦的策略已經(jīng)大獲成功,,卡迪納爾或許可以加快改造米蘭的進程,??ǖ霞{爾已經(jīng)將比恩的陣容構(gòu)建分析融入了自己的管理理念,,并且試圖在此基礎(chǔ)上進行改進??ǖ霞{爾在2023年《金融時報》的一次會議上表示:“拿出數(shù)據(jù)……就是競爭優(yōu)勢的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返,。但我們使用數(shù)據(jù)的方式讓我們與競爭對手區(qū)分開來?!?/p>
雖然卡迪納爾是一位金融高管,,熱衷于分析,但與好友比恩一樣,,他從來沒有忽視在賽場上獲勝的重要性,。事實上,他認(rèn)為場上的勝利對于球隊在商業(yè)上的成功至關(guān)重要,??ǖ霞{爾說道:“場上的表現(xiàn)和場外的表現(xiàn)像文氏圖一樣相互交織。它們對彼此都至關(guān)重要,。這是我投資體育產(chǎn)業(yè)30年所得到的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),,而且我認(rèn)為這種理念行之有效?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
Gerry Cardinale has done well in his career: two decades at Goldman Sachs, founding the nearly $10 billion private-equity firm RedBird Capital, and glittering friendships in sports and entertainment that run from George Steinbrenner to Ben Affleck to The Rock.
He’s done huge deals, such as RedBird’s $1.2 billion acquisition of the storied Italian soccer club AC Milan in 2022.?But he’s got a message for those who wish to try their hand at owning a team: “Sports now is no longer a hobby for rich guys.”
“Sports is a multibillion-dollar live event entertainment business, and you have to bring relationships and multidisciplinary skill sets across a range of activities to be able to get these things done,” he tells Fortune.
For Cardinale, a prolific investor in sports and media, the bygone era of sports as a vanity project for local magnates is gone. Instead, international competition from global investors of the highest order, each with their own vast troves of capital, mean that even fun things like sports now require serious management.
Cardinale spent 20 years at Goldman Sachs’ merchant bank working on all manner of deals with all kinds of clients, including the New York Yankees and Dallas Cowboys, two teams synonymous with big money. Cardinale helped the Yankees launch the Yankee Entertainment and Sports Network and finance their new stadium. He also has a long relationship with Cowboys owners Jerry Jones, with whom he partnered to start Legends Hospitality, a company that specializes in stadium hospitality. “My model in sports continues to be, and traditionally has been, partnering with a rights holder like a team or a league and building terminal value businesses around those rights,” Cardinale says.
At RedBird, he’s had a knack for merging the worlds of sports and entertainment. For instance, RedBird is an investor in LeBron James’ media firm SpringHill Company, and he helped Michael B. Jordan and Ryan Reynolds invest in Formula 1 team Alpine Racing. RedBird even partnered with The Rock to buy the Xtreme Football League.
Over the last 15 years, soccer has seen a ton of wealth pour into the sport from all over the world: oil money from the Middle East, oligarchics from Russia and Eastern Europe, and all manner of tycoons from Asia and, increasingly, America. And most of these investors have run their teams like businesses, investing hordes of money into securing lucrative sponsors, building world-class infrastructure like stadiums and training grounds, and naturally, signing the game’s best players, often at record-breaking prices. All this to turn what was once a game into a booming business.
Cardinale thinks he can do that with the help of another famous name in his rolodex—Billy Beane. He sees an opportunity for the “moneyball” approach made famous by Beane.
Cardinale brings moneyball to Italy
“Billy opened my eyes to the potential of a creative, company-building investor with an entrepreneurial mind like myself of actually investing in European football despite the risks around the transfer market and relegation,” Cardinale says.
The trouble with the transfer market is how the world’s wealthiest clubs can outspend all their competition, making moneyball-style recruitment even harder. While Cardinale did experience the risk of relegation firsthand after he bought the French club Toulouse FC in 2020 for $15 million, after it had been relegated, Toulouse won promotion back to the French top flight the following season.
It was Beane who managed to convince Cardinale to keep investing in European soccer. “Billy’s view is that moneyball is really quite well served in European football,” Cardinale says.
Beane didn’t grow up playing soccer, but a love for the game blossomed during a 2003 trip to London with his wife. He crossed paths with French soccer executive Damien Comolli, who was a great admirer of his moneyball philosophy. Comolli would eventually get hired by Liverpool F.C., the English soccer team owned by John Henry’s Fenway Sports Group (FSG), which also owns the Boston Red Sox. And here the web of Beane is at work: Henry had been a long-time admirer of Beane’s, even offering to make him the highest paid general manager in baseball history. When Beane turned him down, all Henry did was hire the data-crunching prodigy Theo Epstein, who went on to lead both the Red Sox and Cubs to historic championships. In 2017, Epstein topped the Fortune?World’s Greatest Leaders?list.
Beane and Henry did come close to consummating their professional relationship in October 2020 when FSG was slated to go public via a SPAC that Beane co-chaired with Cardinale. The deal ended up falling through. But from those connections Cardinale and FSG would continue working together.
In March 2021, RedBird invested $735 million to acquire about a 10% stake in FSG. Cardinale also brought with him a few of his A-list connections, with Lebron James also getting an ownership stake. Much of Cardinale’s plans at Milan echo FSG’s work with Liverpool in reviving a fallen giant. For Liverpool, it took several years before they achieved the on-field success ownership sought. However, the blueprint seems to have worked, with Liverpool winning a Champions League in 2019 and, in 2020, the club secured its first Premier League title in 30 years.
Now with the FSG’s success story at Liverpool already written, Cardinale might be able to speed up the process at Milan. Cardinale has already taken Beane’s roster-building analytics to heart, while trying to improve on them. “Gone are the days where showing up with data…was a competitive advantage,” Cardinale said at a Financial Times conference in 2023. “But the way we use data is differentiated.”
Despite being a finance executive with a penchant for analytics, Cardinale, like his friend Beane, doesn’t disregard the importance of winning on the field. In fact, he sees it as critical to his team’s business success. “On-the-field performance and off-the-field performance are a Venn diagram. They are critically important to each other,” Cardinale says. “That’s what 30 years of investing in sports has taught me, and I think it’s served us well.”