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畢業(yè)后能賺多少錢,?選對專業(yè)很重要

SUNNY NAGPAUL
2024-05-23

對于多數(shù)人來說,,接受高等教育的收益都是大于成本的,,不過這在很大程度上也取決于學生所選擇的專業(yè),。

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最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,30%的美國本科畢業(yè)生一輩子也賺不回學費。圖片來源:CHUCK SAVAGE/GETTY IMAGES

在美國,,上大學并非一件容易的事,,它可能讓你背上好幾年沉重的債務。除此之外,,還有一個因素是不得不考慮的,。有一項最新分析指出,即便大學文憑有可能給你帶來更高的收入,,但是還有30%的學生一輩子也不賺不回上大學的學費,。

在上大學是否劃得來的問題上,,很多高中畢業(yè)生可能都不會從經(jīng)濟角度做足夠的考量,比如上大學會讓自己背多少債務,,再比如一份大學文憑能為自己帶來多少收入,。美國機會均等研究基金會(Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity)最近發(fā)布了一份報告,,將人們上大學的成本與他們的終身收入做了一個對比,,結果顯示,,有三分之一的大學生一輩子也賺不回他們花出去的學費,。

該報告指出,,對于多數(shù)人來說,,接受高等教育的收益都是大于成本的,,不過這在很大程度上也取決于學生所選擇的專業(yè),。但這也造成了一種矛盾,,即很多學生會為了經(jīng)濟利益而選擇就讀職業(yè)學校,,或者是選擇一個他們并不喜歡但是收入較高的專業(yè)。

該報告指出,,在美國,,平均來看,,工程學,、計算機科學,、護理學和經(jīng)濟學等領域的本科學歷的投資回報率最高,,換句話說就是投入產(chǎn)出比最高,。比如一個工程學專來的本科生一輩子有望獲得95萬美元的收入,,一個護理學專業(yè)的本科生一輩子有望獲得61.8萬美元的收入,。

該報告的第一作者普雷斯頓·庫珀表示,,學生在選擇大學和專業(yè)的時候,,最應該考慮的因素就是畢業(yè)后能賺多少錢。

“高額學費最多只需要付幾年,,但是高收入的職業(yè)生涯軌跡卻能給你帶來幾十年的利益?!彼f,。

與工科學位相比,,其他專業(yè)就顯得沒那么有含金量了,特別是人文藝術類專業(yè),。在美國,,心理學,、人文學科,、英語,、文學等專業(yè)是投入產(chǎn)出比最低的專業(yè),。平均來看,,人文藝術學科的畢業(yè)生一輩子也賺不回他們的教育成本,,甚至人均還要損失8.8萬美元,。

庫珀表示,,對于這些專業(yè),也是有辦法提升文憑的含金量的,。以英語專業(yè)為例,,“有證據(jù)表明,結合一些更實際的技能和營銷能力,,畢業(yè)生也是可以提高投資回報率的,,從而從這份文憑中獲得更高的價值?!?/p>

庫珀還指出,,與本科院校相比,職業(yè)學校對普通學生的投資回報率更高,。因為職業(yè)學校的學制一般比本科院校更短,,學費也更低,可且有的學生一畢業(yè)就能直接找到空調(diào)水暖和建筑等領域的工作,。不過他同時表示,,職業(yè)學校的投入產(chǎn)出比同樣取決于專業(yè),比如美容等專業(yè)的投入產(chǎn)出比就并不是很高,。

該報告發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國有近四分之一的四年制本科專業(yè)和43%的兩年制大學專業(yè)的投資回報率為負數(shù),。比如,南加州大學戲劇專業(yè)的四年制本科課程的學費超過了16萬美元,。但是該專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生收入情況普遍較為窘迫,,平均收入水平比從事一份不需要該文憑的工作還少了1萬美元,。

當然,,也有一些本科專業(yè)是非常賺錢的,。比如普林斯頓大學的計算機工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生,他們一生有可能賺到700多萬美元的收入,。

美國有一個專門研究大學招生和就業(yè)問題的博客“College Transitions”,,該博客發(fā)布的一份報告顯示,,在過去十年中,美國幾乎所有專業(yè)的入學率都在下降,。造成這一趨勢的因素有很多,,比如全國性的出生率下降,、移民減少,、新冠疫情,以及大學學費上漲等等,。在考慮是否要上大學時,,學生們首先會考慮自己的賺錢能力,。而這些經(jīng)濟考量又給他們帶來了額外的壓力,,比如倦怠感和低獲得感,。

美國《商業(yè)與心理學雜志》發(fā)表的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國人的職業(yè)興趣與美國就業(yè)市場最緊缺的工作之間存在著顯著的撕裂,這說明了在勞動力市場上,,大家干的往往都是自己不喜歡的工作,。

這項研究的樣本庫是120萬名美國居民,,同時它還參考了美國勞工部的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人們對從事藝術類工作最感興趣,,但這也是市場需求最少的專業(yè)之一——市場上只有2%的工作是與藝術相關的。相比之下,,人們最不感興趣的就是系統(tǒng)性、細節(jié)性的工作,,而這恰恰卻是市場需求最大的工作。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

在美國,,上大學并非一件容易的事,,它可能讓你背上好幾年沉重的債務,。除此之外,,還有一個因素是不得不考慮的。有一項最新分析指出,,即便大學文憑有可能給你帶來更高的收入,,但是還有30%的學生一輩子也不賺不回上大學的學費,。

在上大學是否劃得來的問題上,,很多高中畢業(yè)生可能都不會從經(jīng)濟角度做足夠的考量,,比如上大學會讓自己背多少債務,再比如一份大學文憑能為自己帶來多少收入,。美國機會均等研究基金會(Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity)最近發(fā)布了一份報告,,將人們上大學的成本與他們的終身收入做了一個對比,結果顯示,,有三分之一的大學生一輩子也賺不回他們花出去的學費,。

該報告指出,對于多數(shù)人來說,,接受高等教育的收益都是大于成本的,,不過這在很大程度上也取決于學生所選擇的專業(yè)。但這也造成了一種矛盾,,即很多學生會為了經(jīng)濟利益而選擇就讀職業(yè)學校,,或者是選擇一個他們并不喜歡但是收入較高的專業(yè)。

該報告指出,,在美國,,平均來看,工程學,、計算機科學,、護理學和經(jīng)濟學等領域的本科學歷的投資回報率最高,換句話說就是投入產(chǎn)出比最高,。比如一個工程學專來的本科生一輩子有望獲得95萬美元的收入,,一個護理學專業(yè)的本科生一輩子有望獲得61.8萬美元的收入。

該報告的第一作者普雷斯頓·庫珀表示,,學生在選擇大學和專業(yè)的時候,,最應該考慮的因素就是畢業(yè)后能賺多少錢。

“高額學費最多只需要付幾年,,但是高收入的職業(yè)生涯軌跡卻能給你帶來幾十年的利益,。”他說,。

與工科學位相比,,其他專業(yè)就顯得沒那么有含金量了,特別是人文藝術類專業(yè),。在美國,,心理學、人文學科,、英語,、文學等專業(yè)是投入產(chǎn)出比最低的專業(yè)。平均來看,,人文藝術學科的畢業(yè)生一輩子也賺不回他們的教育成本,,甚至人均還要損失8.8萬美元。

庫珀表示,,對于這些專業(yè),,也是有辦法提升文憑的含金量的。以英語專業(yè)為例,,“有證據(jù)表明,,結合一些更實際的技能和營銷能力,畢業(yè)生也是可以提高投資回報率的,,從而從這份文憑中獲得更高的價值,。”

庫珀還指出,,與本科院校相比,,職業(yè)學校對普通學生的投資回報率更高。因為職業(yè)學校的學制一般比本科院校更短,,學費也更低,,可且有的學生一畢業(yè)就能直接找到空調(diào)水暖和建筑等領域的工作。不過他同時表示,,職業(yè)學校的投入產(chǎn)出比同樣取決于專業(yè),,比如美容等專業(yè)的投入產(chǎn)出比就并不是很高。

該報告發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國有近四分之一的四年制本科專業(yè)和43%的兩年制大學專業(yè)的投資回報率為負數(shù),。比如,南加州大學戲劇專業(yè)的四年制本科課程的學費超過了16萬美元,。但是該專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生收入情況普遍較為窘迫,,平均收入水平比從事一份不需要該文憑的工作還少了1萬美元。

當然,,也有一些本科專業(yè)是非常賺錢的,。比如普林斯頓大學的計算機工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生,,他們一生有可能賺到700多萬美元的收入。

美國有一個專門研究大學招生和就業(yè)問題的博客“College Transitions”,,該博客發(fā)布的一份報告顯示,,在過去十年中,美國幾乎所有專業(yè)的入學率都在下降,。造成這一趨勢的因素有很多,,比如全國性的出生率下降、移民減少,、新冠疫情,,以及大學學費上漲等等。在考慮是否要上大學時,,學生們首先會考慮自己的賺錢能力,。而這些經(jīng)濟考量又給他們帶來了額外的壓力,比如倦怠感和低獲得感,。

美國《商業(yè)與心理學雜志》發(fā)表的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,美國人的職業(yè)興趣與美國就業(yè)市場最緊缺的工作之間存在著顯著的撕裂,這說明了在勞動力市場上,,大家干的往往都是自己不喜歡的工作,。

這項研究的樣本庫是120萬名美國居民,同時它還參考了美國勞工部的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,人們對從事藝術類工作最感興趣,但這也是市場需求最少的專業(yè)之一——市場上只有2%的工作是與藝術相關的,。相比之下,,人們最不感興趣的就是系統(tǒng)性、細節(jié)性的工作,,而這恰恰卻是市場需求最大的工作,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

For many aspiring students, the decision to attend college comes with scary caveats, like years of unaffordable debt. Now there’s another thing to fear: Even if having a degree leads to higher earning potential down the line, a new analysis says about 30% of students won’t earn enough money to offset the price of school.

All things considered, the decision to attend college involves a lot of financial decisions a typical high sch

ool graduate might not have enough awareness about, including how to pay off education-related debt and how much they can expect to earn from the degree they choose. High schoolers are most interested in attending college to get a good job that will help them earn more money—but about a third of degree programs don’t lead to a return on investments people pay to attend, according to the new report from the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity, which analyzed how much people spend on higher education versus how much they earn over their lifetimes.

The financial returns that come from pursuing higher education are worth it more often than not, the report states, but it’s highly dependent on the major a student chooses—and it’s creating a conflict where students are choosing between trade schools to optimize their financial returns or pursuing a field they might hate, but will pay well.

On average, a bachelor’s degree in fields like engineering, computer science, nursing and economics provide the biggest financial returns on investment, or earnings in relation to how expensive the degree is, according to the report. With an engineering degree, for example, a student can expect lifetime earnings of about $950,000, while a student who completes a nursing degree could rake in a lifetime earnings of about $618,000.

When choosing a college and degree program, the most important variable students should consider is how much they’ll earn, according to Preston Cooper, the lead author of the report.

“A high-earning career trajectory will deliver benefits for decades, while high tuition costs must be paid for a few years at most,” Cooper said.

Other fields, especially those in fine arts, offer significantly less financial returns. A bachelor’s degree in psychology, the humanities, or English and literature are among those with the lowest financial returns; on average, students who pursue a degree in fine arts actually lost about $88,000 over their lifetimes.

In these fields, Cooper said, there are still ways to ensure a college degree stays valuable. With an English major, for example, he said “there’s evidence that in combination with more tangible skills and marketing, graduates can improve the return on investments they get to improve the value of the degree they are getting out of college.”

Trade schools can offer higher returns on investment than a traditional bachelor’s degree because, according to Cooper, they are often shorter programs that cost less tuition and offer straight paths to higher paying jobs in fields like HVAC and construction. Still, he said, the lucrativeness of trade schools is dependent on the field, adding that a degree in cosmetology doesn’t offer the same returns.

Almost a quarter of four-year degree programs have a negative return on investment, the report found, as do 43% of two-year degree programs. For example, a bachelor’s degree in drama at the University of Southern California costs students over $160,000 over four years, but graduates of the program earn $10,000 less than they would if they got a job they didn’t need the degree for, the report found.

Meanwhile, other fields can be extremely lucrative. The report estimates that graduates of Princeton University’s computer engineering program could make a lifetime earnings of over $7 million.

Regardless of the field, college enrollment rates have been dropping for the past decade, according to a report by College Transitions, a data-driven blog by researchers and former school-admissions officers. Several factors are responsible for this trend, including the declining national birth rate, decreased immigration, the pandemic, and the rising price of college tuition. For students, who often prioritize their ability to earn money when making decisions about attending school, these financial challenges are giving way to additional stresses, like burnout and feeling unfulfilled at work.

A new study published by Journal of Business and Psychology found large gaps between people’s career interests and the country’s most in-demand jobs, which indicate the hottest jobs on the labor market drastically differ from what people are interested in doing.

The study, which used a national dataset of over 1.2 million U.S. residents and employment data from the Department of Labor, found that people are most interested in pursuing artistic jobs, but it’s one of the fields that’s least in demand, with only 2% of jobs on the market involving artistic interests. In contrast, the least popular job interest was described as systematic or detail-oriented work, which encompassed the most highly in-demand jobs.

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