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2025屆畢業(yè)生正面臨嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)

Chloe Berger
2024-08-31

Z世代獲得一份入門級(jí)工作比以往任何時(shí)候都難,。

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面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),,2025屆畢業(yè)生感到悲觀,,但并沒有退卻,。圖片來源:Xavier Lorenzo—Getty Images

與往屆畢業(yè)生相比,,今年的本科生可能更不愿離開校園,。在一個(gè)階段結(jié)束后面對(duì)諸多不確定性并不是什么新鮮事,許多成功且令人感動(dòng)的青春成長電影都圍繞這一主題創(chuàng)作,。但2025屆的畢業(yè)生正面臨著極其艱難的局面,。

學(xué)生求職平臺(tái)Handshake在新發(fā)布的報(bào)告中就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。該報(bào)告調(diào)查了1,925名即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生,。在這次求職信心調(diào)查中,,該本科生求職平臺(tái)得到了相當(dāng)平淡的反饋結(jié)果。超過一半(57%)的2025屆畢業(yè)生表示,,他們對(duì)開啟職業(yè)生涯感到悲觀,。而去年這一比例僅為49%。

導(dǎo)致悲觀情緒背后的根源是嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),。學(xué)生們正在申請(qǐng)更多工作崗位,,并且更加努力,以爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì),。報(bào)告顯示,,對(duì)學(xué)生貸款債務(wù)、人工智能浪潮和當(dāng)前政治局勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂也加劇了這種悲觀情緒,。面對(duì)不同以往的環(huán)境,,2025屆畢業(yè)生正在改變他們的優(yōu)先考慮事項(xiàng)。

Handshake首席教育戰(zhàn)略官克莉絲汀?克魯茲維加拉對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“面對(duì)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),,與2021年之前的往屆畢業(yè)生相比,,最近的Z世代畢業(yè)生針對(duì)自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)采取了明顯不同的策略,。我注意到,以前的畢業(yè)生優(yōu)先考慮靈活性以及工作與生活的平衡,;而在最近的畢業(yè)生中,,越來越多的人更傾向于穩(wěn)定和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的工作?!?/p>

換句話說,,Z世代正在尋找穩(wěn)定的工作。鑒于他們找到工作的困難程度,,他們這樣做是可以理解的,。這幾年,有許多關(guān)于求職過程越來越令人沮喪,、求職周期越來越長的報(bào)道,。希拉里?霍夫沃在《快公司》雜志上寫道,這種情況在一定程度上是由于裁員后雇主的影響力不斷增強(qiáng),,以及招聘過程的自動(dòng)化造成的,。

克魯茲維加拉表示:“要想在求職市場(chǎng)上取得成功,需要有戰(zhàn)略性,、有目的性的策略,,往屆畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)采用了積極主動(dòng)的方法脫穎而出?!彼枋鲂坌牟漠厴I(yè)生是“短期悲觀,,長期樂觀”。對(duì)不同以往的市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂并非沒有依據(jù),。Handshake報(bào)告稱,,今年其平臺(tái)上創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)“低于2023年的水平,與總體趨勢(shì)保持一致”,。因此,,“每個(gè)職位的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)明顯高于過去五年中的任何一年”,引發(fā)了申請(qǐng)人數(shù)的暴漲,。

即便如此,,本科生們還是對(duì)學(xué)校充滿信心。他們可能準(zhǔn)備好以更艱難的方式結(jié)束大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)生涯,,但這并不意味著他們對(duì)教育體系本身失去了信心,。高達(dá)88%的學(xué)生表示,大學(xué)對(duì)他們的個(gè)人成長和發(fā)展幫助很大或相當(dāng)大,,而且85%的學(xué)生表示,,這段經(jīng)歷塑造了他們的職業(yè)目標(biāo)。學(xué)生們正準(zhǔn)備踏上一段更漫長,、或許更坎坷的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)生涯之旅,。45%的學(xué)生預(yù)計(jì)在職業(yè)生涯中至少會(huì)有一次轉(zhuǎn)行,。

話雖如此,如今通往入門級(jí)職位的“黃磚路”變得更加漫長了,。當(dāng)前這屆畢業(yè)生至少有30個(gè)課時(shí)用于探尋潛在職業(yè)道路,。在此之前,2024屆畢業(yè)生去年遞交的求職申請(qǐng)比上一屆畢業(yè)生多64%,。2025屆畢業(yè)生將延續(xù)這一新趨勢(shì):與去年同期相比,,每一份工作的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)已經(jīng)比2024屆畢業(yè)生平均高出24%。

雖然對(duì)工作職位的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是壓力的主要來源(64%),,但對(duì)工作保障和充足薪水的擔(dān)憂,、對(duì)學(xué)生貸款(54%)、生成式人工智能和即將到來的選舉(45%)的焦慮,,也加劇了畢業(yè)生的壓力,。

女性、黑人學(xué)生和第一代大學(xué)生對(duì)貸款的焦慮有所增加,,正如Handshake指出,,這些群體更有可能背負(fù)債務(wù),。雖然聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)的情況與無數(shù)其他社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題一樣懸而未決,,但近一半(46%)受訪者表示,2024年總統(tǒng)大選的結(jié)果將對(duì)他們的職業(yè)生涯產(chǎn)生影響,。人工智能的應(yīng)用也增加了不確定性,,2025屆的許多畢業(yè)生都希望放慢人工智能的應(yīng)用速度。大多數(shù)人(70%)認(rèn)為生成式人工智能應(yīng)該接受更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,。

在Handshake的報(bào)告中,,一名2025級(jí)金融專業(yè)的學(xué)生表示:“在獲得現(xiàn)在這份實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)之前,我申請(qǐng)了100多個(gè)職位,。我現(xiàn)在正在一家公司進(jìn)行面試,,進(jìn)展順利,但如果不成功,,我會(huì)盡可能多地申請(qǐng)其他工作,。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

與往屆畢業(yè)生相比,,今年的本科生可能更不愿離開校園,。在一個(gè)階段結(jié)束后面對(duì)諸多不確定性并不是什么新鮮事,許多成功且令人感動(dòng)的青春成長電影都圍繞這一主題創(chuàng)作,。但2025屆的畢業(yè)生正面臨著極其艱難的局面,。

學(xué)生求職平臺(tái)Handshake在新發(fā)布的報(bào)告中就發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。該報(bào)告調(diào)查了1,925名即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生,。在這次求職信心調(diào)查中,,該本科生求職平臺(tái)得到了相當(dāng)平淡的反饋結(jié)果,。超過一半(57%)的2025屆畢業(yè)生表示,他們對(duì)開啟職業(yè)生涯感到悲觀,。而去年這一比例僅為49%,。

導(dǎo)致悲觀情緒背后的根源是嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)。學(xué)生們正在申請(qǐng)更多工作崗位,,并且更加努力,,以爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。報(bào)告顯示,,對(duì)學(xué)生貸款債務(wù),、人工智能浪潮和當(dāng)前政治局勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂也加劇了這種悲觀情緒。面對(duì)不同以往的環(huán)境,,2025屆畢業(yè)生正在改變他們的優(yōu)先考慮事項(xiàng),。

Handshake首席教育戰(zhàn)略官克莉絲汀?克魯茲維加拉對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“面對(duì)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),與2021年之前的往屆畢業(yè)生相比,,最近的Z世代畢業(yè)生針對(duì)自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)采取了明顯不同的策略,。我注意到,以前的畢業(yè)生優(yōu)先考慮靈活性以及工作與生活的平衡,;而在最近的畢業(yè)生中,,越來越多的人更傾向于穩(wěn)定和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的工作?!?/p>

換句話說,,Z世代正在尋找穩(wěn)定的工作。鑒于他們找到工作的困難程度,,他們這樣做是可以理解的,。這幾年,有許多關(guān)于求職過程越來越令人沮喪,、求職周期越來越長的報(bào)道,。希拉里?霍夫沃在《快公司》雜志上寫道,這種情況在一定程度上是由于裁員后雇主的影響力不斷增強(qiáng),,以及招聘過程的自動(dòng)化造成的,。

克魯茲維加拉表示:“要想在求職市場(chǎng)上取得成功,需要有戰(zhàn)略性,、有目的性的策略,,往屆畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)采用了積極主動(dòng)的方法脫穎而出?!彼枋鲂坌牟漠厴I(yè)生是“短期悲觀,,長期樂觀”。對(duì)不同以往的市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂并非沒有依據(jù)。Handshake報(bào)告稱,,今年其平臺(tái)上創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)“低于2023年的水平,,與總體趨勢(shì)保持一致”。因此,,“每個(gè)職位的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)明顯高于過去五年中的任何一年”,,引發(fā)了申請(qǐng)人數(shù)的暴漲。

即便如此,,本科生們還是對(duì)學(xué)校充滿信心,。他們可能準(zhǔn)備好以更艱難的方式結(jié)束大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí)生涯,但這并不意味著他們對(duì)教育體系本身失去了信心,。高達(dá)88%的學(xué)生表示,,大學(xué)對(duì)他們的個(gè)人成長和發(fā)展幫助很大或相當(dāng)大,而且85%的學(xué)生表示,,這段經(jīng)歷塑造了他們的職業(yè)目標(biāo),。學(xué)生們正準(zhǔn)備踏上一段更漫長、或許更坎坷的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)生涯之旅,。45%的學(xué)生預(yù)計(jì)在職業(yè)生涯中至少會(huì)有一次轉(zhuǎn)行,。

話雖如此,如今通往入門級(jí)職位的“黃磚路”變得更加漫長了,。當(dāng)前這屆畢業(yè)生至少有30個(gè)課時(shí)用于探尋潛在職業(yè)道路,。在此之前,2024屆畢業(yè)生去年遞交的求職申請(qǐng)比上一屆畢業(yè)生多64%,。2025屆畢業(yè)生將延續(xù)這一新趨勢(shì):與去年同期相比,,每一份工作的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)已經(jīng)比2024屆畢業(yè)生平均高出24%,。

雖然對(duì)工作職位的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是壓力的主要來源(64%),,但對(duì)工作保障和充足薪水的擔(dān)憂、對(duì)學(xué)生貸款(54%),、生成式人工智能和即將到來的選舉(45%)的焦慮,,也加劇了畢業(yè)生的壓力。

女性,、黑人學(xué)生和第一代大學(xué)生對(duì)貸款的焦慮有所增加,,正如Handshake指出,這些群體更有可能背負(fù)債務(wù),。雖然聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)的情況與無數(shù)其他社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題一樣懸而未決,,但近一半(46%)受訪者表示,2024年總統(tǒng)大選的結(jié)果將對(duì)他們的職業(yè)生涯產(chǎn)生影響,。人工智能的應(yīng)用也增加了不確定性,,2025屆的許多畢業(yè)生都希望放慢人工智能的應(yīng)用速度。大多數(shù)人(70%)認(rèn)為生成式人工智能應(yīng)該接受更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,。

在Handshake的報(bào)告中,,一名2025級(jí)金融專業(yè)的學(xué)生表示:“在獲得現(xiàn)在這份實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)之前,,我申請(qǐng)了100多個(gè)職位。我現(xiàn)在正在一家公司進(jìn)行面試,,進(jìn)展順利,,但如果不成功,我會(huì)盡可能多地申請(qǐng)其他工作,?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

Undergraduates might be clutching their Natty Light and graduation caps a little tighter this year compared to prior graduating-class cohorts. Facing waves of uncertainty after a chapter closes isn’t a new story, many a successful and cloying coming of age movie has been made on the subject. But the class of 2025 is wading into especially trying waters.

So finds student job platform Handshake in a newly released report which surveyed 1,925 members of the incoming senior class. In a temperature check, the undergraduate career platform got back a resoundingly lukewarm result. Over half (57%) of the class of 2025 reported feeling pessimistic about starting their careers. Last year, that number stood at just 49% of the graduating class.

The source behind these darkening clouds is the uphill job market, and students are applying to extra jobs and working harder to get a foot in the door. Also contributing to this increased sense of gloom is anxiety surrounding student loan debt, the wave of AI, and current state of politics, the report found. Confronted with a different set of circumstances, this cohort is shifting their priorities.

“Facing a challenging economic landscape, recent Gen Z graduates are taking a markedly different approach to their career goals compared to their older peers who graduated before 2021,” Christine Cruzvergara, chief education strategy officer at Handshake, told Fortune. “I’ve noticed that previous cohorts prioritized flexibility and work-life balance; the more recent classes have demonstrated a growing preference for stability and purpose-driven work.”

In other words, this microgeneration of Gen Zers is looking to nab a steady gig. It makes sense, given the difficulty they’ve found in simply getting a job. Reports of a progressively frustrating and elongated job search have cropped up over the years. In part, the situation has been attributed to the growing leverage of employers after layoffs and the automation of the hiring process, wrote Hillary Hoffower for Fast Company.

“Success in this market requires a strategic and intentional approach and seniors are already taking proactive steps to stand out,” said Cruzvergara, who described the ambitious class as “short-term pessimistic, long-term optimistic. Fears of a different market are not unfounded, as Handshake reported that this year job creation on its platform has “has trailed behind 2023 levels, consistent with national trends.” In response, “the number of applications per job has been significantly higher than in any of the past five years,” generating higher frenzy.

Even so, undergraduate students have faith in the institution. They might be gearing up for a more trying end to their four years, but that doesn’t mean they’ve lost belief in the system itself. A whopping 88% said college contributed a lot or a fair amount to their personal growth and development, and 85% said the experience shaped their career goals. Students are buckling up for a longer and perhaps bumpier ride to their dream gig. Many students, 45%, expect to make a pivot at least once in their career.

That being said, the yellow brick road to an entry-level position has become all the more elongated these days. The current class has spent upwards of 30 hours looking into potential career paths already. That comes after the class of 2024 last year sent 64% more applications to jobs than the seniors before them. The Class of 2025 is set to continue the new tradition, already submitting on average 24% more applications per job than the class of 2024 at the same time last year.

While this competition for gigs is the main source of stress (64%), with additional concerns about job security and sufficient pay, concerns regarding student loans (54%), generative AI and the upcoming election (45%) added fuel to the fire.

Anxiety regarding loans increased among women, Black students, and first-generation college attendees, as Handshake pointed out these groups are more likely to hold debt. And while the fate of federal relief is up in the air alongside a myriad of other socioeconomic issues, almost half (46%) of respondents say the fate of the 2024 presidential election will impact their career. Adding to the uncertainty is the implementation of AI, which much of the class of 2025 would like to slow down, please. Most (70%) say that generative AI should be regulated more strictly.

“I applied to more than 100 openings before I got my current internship,” a class of 2025 student majoring in finance told Handshake in the report. “ I’m going through the process with one company right now and it’s going well, but if that doesn’t work out I’ll start applying to as many jobs as I possibly can,” they added.

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