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瑞銀預(yù)測(cè),,美國(guó)實(shí)際關(guān)稅稅率可能創(chuàng)下150年來(lái)最高水平

Jason Ma
2025-04-07

但未來(lái)將有所回落

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圖片來(lái)源:Timothy A. Clary—AFP via Getty Images

? 瑞銀(UBS)分析師指出,,唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的關(guān)稅政策可能使實(shí)際稅率從他近期宣布的25%,進(jìn)一步攀升至高達(dá)30%,。如此高企的稅率將創(chuàng)下逾150年來(lái)的最高水平,。但瑞銀認(rèn)為,在經(jīng)歷一輪報(bào)復(fù)與升級(jí)之后,,關(guān)稅將在今年晚些時(shí)候有所回落,。

唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的“解放日”關(guān)稅正在將稅率推高至一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的最高水平,但仍有進(jìn)一步升高的空間,。

瑞銀分析師上周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告稱,,特朗普政府近期的一系列進(jìn)口關(guān)稅舉措,將把實(shí)際稅率從2024年大選前的2.5%推高至25%,。但這很可能并非終點(diǎn),。

分析師寫(xiě)道:“我們相信歐盟和中國(guó)很可能采取反制措施,而美國(guó)關(guān)稅的‘對(duì)等’原則意味著貿(mào)易伙伴的報(bào)復(fù)可能會(huì)招致美國(guó)進(jìn)一步提高關(guān)稅,?!?/p>

此外,瑞銀指出,,上周未受波及的部分進(jìn)口商品未來(lái)可能面臨調(diào)查并失去豁免資格,,并強(qiáng)調(diào)特朗普政府對(duì)限制性貿(mào)易政策的合理性深信不疑。

上周三,,特朗普宣布對(duì)中國(guó)加征34%關(guān)稅,,使總稅率達(dá)到54%,同時(shí)對(duì)歐盟征收20%關(guān)稅,。中國(guó)已祭出34%的報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅予以回?fù)?,歐盟亦表示計(jì)劃跟進(jìn)。

瑞銀預(yù)計(jì),,美國(guó)的實(shí)際關(guān)稅稅率最高點(diǎn)將在25%—30%之間,。惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)(Fitch Ratings)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,25%的實(shí)際稅率已經(jīng)是1909年以來(lái)的最高水平,。

如果實(shí)際稅率達(dá)到30%,則將創(chuàng)下1872年(美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)英雄尤利西斯·格蘭特?fù)?dān)任總統(tǒng)時(shí)期,彼時(shí)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)尚處工業(yè)革命階段)后的新高,。

但瑞銀預(yù)測(cè),,到第三季度,關(guān)稅稅率將開(kāi)始回落,,到2025年底實(shí)際稅率有望降至10%至15%,。

分析師表示:“多個(gè)國(guó)家已表示無(wú)意采取報(bào)復(fù)措施,與這些國(guó)家達(dá)成的協(xié)議可能開(kāi)始降低整體實(shí)際關(guān)稅稅率,?!?

事實(shí)上,越南已在上周末確認(rèn)提議取消所有美國(guó)進(jìn)口商品關(guān)稅,,而且特朗普政府官員周日透露已有逾50個(gè)國(guó)家主動(dòng)接洽白宮尋求關(guān)稅談判,。

瑞銀預(yù)計(jì)特朗普將面臨更大談判壓力,,包括針對(duì)其加征關(guān)稅法律依據(jù)的潛在質(zhì)疑,,以及商界為弱化相關(guān)政策或爭(zhēng)取豁免所進(jìn)行的密集游說(shuō)。

隨著中期選舉季臨近,,政治考量或令特朗普軟化立場(chǎng),。共和黨參議員泰德·克魯茲警告稱,若關(guān)稅引發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,,2026年將面臨政治“大屠殺”,。

瑞銀預(yù)測(cè),2025年美國(guó)GDP增速將低于1%,,期間將出現(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,,GDP將自峰值下跌1%。雖然股市將反彈,,但分析師將標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的年終目標(biāo)點(diǎn)位從6,400點(diǎn)大幅下調(diào)至5,800點(diǎn),。

瑞銀表示:“我們認(rèn)為,一些各方都可能接受的'體面臺(tái)階'包括:歐洲提高國(guó)防開(kāi)支,、亞洲采取措施防止過(guò)剩供應(yīng)沖擊全球市場(chǎng),、削減現(xiàn)行關(guān)稅與非關(guān)稅壁壘,以及促進(jìn)對(duì)美直接投資等,?!?財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

? 瑞銀(UBS)分析師指出,唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的關(guān)稅政策可能使實(shí)際稅率從他近期宣布的25%,,進(jìn)一步攀升至高達(dá)30%,。如此高企的稅率將創(chuàng)下逾150年來(lái)的最高水平。但瑞銀認(rèn)為,,在經(jīng)歷一輪報(bào)復(fù)與升級(jí)之后,,關(guān)稅將在今年晚些時(shí)候有所回落。

唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的“解放日”關(guān)稅正在將稅率推高至一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的最高水平,,但仍有進(jìn)一步升高的空間,。

瑞銀分析師上周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告稱,,特朗普政府近期的一系列進(jìn)口關(guān)稅舉措,將把實(shí)際稅率從2024年大選前的2.5%推高至25%,。但這很可能并非終點(diǎn),。

分析師寫(xiě)道:“我們相信歐盟和中國(guó)很可能采取反制措施,而美國(guó)關(guān)稅的‘對(duì)等’原則意味著貿(mào)易伙伴的報(bào)復(fù)可能會(huì)招致美國(guó)進(jìn)一步提高關(guān)稅,?!?/p>

此外,瑞銀指出,,上周未受波及的部分進(jìn)口商品未來(lái)可能面臨調(diào)查并失去豁免資格,,并強(qiáng)調(diào)特朗普政府對(duì)限制性貿(mào)易政策的合理性深信不疑。

上周三,,特朗普宣布對(duì)中國(guó)加征34%關(guān)稅,,使總稅率達(dá)到54%,同時(shí)對(duì)歐盟征收20%關(guān)稅,。中國(guó)已祭出34%的報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅予以回?fù)?,歐盟亦表示計(jì)劃跟進(jìn)。

瑞銀預(yù)計(jì),,美國(guó)的實(shí)際關(guān)稅稅率最高點(diǎn)將在25%—30%之間,。惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)(Fitch Ratings)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,,25%的實(shí)際稅率已經(jīng)是1909年以來(lái)的最高水平,。

如果實(shí)際稅率達(dá)到30%,則將創(chuàng)下1872年(美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)英雄尤利西斯·格蘭特?fù)?dān)任總統(tǒng)時(shí)期,,彼時(shí)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)尚處工業(yè)革命階段)后的新高,。

但瑞銀預(yù)測(cè),到第三季度,,關(guān)稅稅率將開(kāi)始回落,,到2025年底實(shí)際稅率有望降至10%至15%。

分析師表示:“多個(gè)國(guó)家已表示無(wú)意采取報(bào)復(fù)措施,,與這些國(guó)家達(dá)成的協(xié)議可能開(kāi)始降低整體實(shí)際關(guān)稅稅率,。”

事實(shí)上,,越南已在上周末確認(rèn)提議取消所有美國(guó)進(jìn)口商品關(guān)稅,,而且特朗普政府官員周日透露已有逾50個(gè)國(guó)家主動(dòng)接洽白宮尋求關(guān)稅談判。

瑞銀預(yù)計(jì)特朗普將面臨更大談判壓力,,包括針對(duì)其加征關(guān)稅法律依據(jù)的潛在質(zhì)疑,,以及商界為弱化相關(guān)政策或爭(zhēng)取豁免所進(jìn)行的密集游說(shuō)。

隨著中期選舉季臨近,政治考量或令特朗普軟化立場(chǎng),。共和黨參議員泰德·克魯茲警告稱,,若關(guān)稅引發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,2026年將面臨政治“大屠殺”,。

瑞銀預(yù)測(cè),,2025年美國(guó)GDP增速將低于1%,期間將出現(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,,GDP將自峰值下跌1%,。雖然股市將反彈,但分析師將標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的年終目標(biāo)點(diǎn)位從6,400點(diǎn)大幅下調(diào)至5,800點(diǎn),。

瑞銀表示:“我們認(rèn)為,,一些各方都可能接受的'體面臺(tái)階'包括:歐洲提高國(guó)防開(kāi)支、亞洲采取措施防止過(guò)剩供應(yīng)沖擊全球市場(chǎng),、削減現(xiàn)行關(guān)稅與非關(guān)稅壁壘,,以及促進(jìn)對(duì)美直接投資等?!?財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

? President Donald Trump’s tariffs could reach an effective rate as high as 30%, up from 25% under his recently announced plans, according to analysts at UBS. A rate that steep would mark the highest level in more than 150 years. But after a cycle of retaliation and escalation, UBS see tariffs coming back down later this year.

President Donald Trump’s “Liberation Day” tariffs are already sending rates to the steepest levels in a century, but they could go even higher.

According to a note from UBS analysts on Friday, the latest salvo of import taxes will send the effective rate to 25%, up from 2.5% before the 2024 election. But it’s not likely to stop there.

“We believe that the EU and China are likely to retaliate, and that the ‘reciprocal’ approach to US tariffs means that retaliation by trading partners is likely to be met with even higher US tariffs,” they wrote.

In addition, some of the imports that weren’t targeted this past week may be subject to future investigations and could lose their exemptions, UBS said, noting the Trump administration has a “high degree of conviction” in the merits of restrictive trade policies.

On Wednesday, Trump added a 34% levy on China that will take the total rate to 54% and hit the European Union with a 20% duty. China has already retaliated with its own 34% tariff, and the EU said it plans to respond too.

UBS expects the effective US tariff rate will peak in the 25%-30% range. According to data from Fitch Ratings, a 25% effective tariff rate would already be the highest since 1909.

And if it reaches 30%, it would be the highest since 1872—when Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant was president and the US economy was still in the Industrial Revolution.

But by the third quarter, UBS sees tariffs starting to head back down and expects the effective rate to end 2025 at 10%-15%.

“Various individual countries have suggested that they do not intend to retaliate and that deals with individual countries could begin to bring the overall effective tariff rate down,” analysts said.

In fact, Vietnam confirmed over the weekend that it offered to remove all tariffs on US imports, and Trump administration officials said Sunday that more than 50 countries have reached out to the White House for tariff talks.

Trump will also face more pressure to negotiate, UBS predicted, citing potential challenges to the legal basis for his tariffs and extensive business lobbying to water down policies or carve out exceptions.

And as midterm election season gets closer, political calculations may also soften Trump’s stance. Republican Sen. Ted Cruz warned of a political “bloodbath” in 2026 if tariffs cause a recession.

UBS sees US GDP expanding by less than 1% in 2025, including an intra-year recession that will see GDP decline 1% from peak to trough. Stocks will rebound, but analysts slashed their year-end S&P 500 target to 5,800 from 6,400.

“We believe some potentially acceptable ‘off-ramps’ that could enable all sides to declare victory could include some combination of higher European defense spending, measures in Asia to prevent dumping of excess supply into global markets, reductions in existing tariff or non-tariff barriers, or measures to increase inward investment into the US,” UBS said.

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