
去年年初,,備受矚目的人形機(jī)器人初創(chuàng)公司Figure AI宣布與汽車廠商寶馬(BMW)達(dá)成商業(yè)協(xié)議,這向風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資者和機(jī)器人行業(yè)釋放了一個(gè)信號——這家行業(yè)新貴已成為這個(gè)尖端領(lǐng)域最值得關(guān)注和最想超越的創(chuàng)新者之一,。
Figure創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官布雷特·阿德科克近期的言論,,以及該公司制作的視頻,給人的印象是機(jī)器人制造的新時(shí)代即將全面來臨,。然而仔細(xì)審視合作細(xì)節(jié)會發(fā)現(xiàn),,至少在現(xiàn)階段,實(shí)際情況可能更加平淡,。這表明Figure的人形造車機(jī)器人隊(duì)伍或許是營銷噱頭而非現(xiàn)實(shí)成果,,同時(shí)也讓人質(zhì)疑阿德科克言論的真實(shí)性。
盡管阿德科克曾在2月夸口稱,,一隊(duì)Figure人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)在為該汽車廠商執(zhí)行“端到端操作”,,但據(jù)寶馬發(fā)言人透露,截至今年3月,寶馬南卡羅來納州工廠部署的Figure機(jī)器人僅在非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段運(yùn)行,,在車身車間練習(xí)拾取和放置零部件,。該發(fā)言人最近表示,目前同樣的機(jī)器人工作已進(jìn)入實(shí)際生產(chǎn)時(shí)段,,但只涉及單臺Figure機(jī)器人執(zhí)行同樣有限的任務(wù),。
對于阿德科克2月宣傳的內(nèi)容與該汽車巨頭所述實(shí)際情況之間的差異,寶馬拒絕置評,,建議記者向阿德科克本人求證,。這位連續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè)家及其公司代表至今未對澄清或置評請求做出回應(yīng)。
這些質(zhì)疑的出現(xiàn)恰逢人形機(jī)器人這類科幻產(chǎn)物迎來高光時(shí)刻,。雖然埃隆·馬斯克在特斯拉(Tesla)主導(dǎo)的人形機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目Optimus是推動這一未來形態(tài)的熱度的主要力量,,但Figure的商業(yè)協(xié)議仍被視為美國首批實(shí)際應(yīng)用案例之一。自2022年創(chuàng)立以來,,F(xiàn)igure已從微軟(Microsoft),、英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)、英特爾資本(Intel Capital)及杰夫·貝佐斯(通過其投資公司)等投資者募資超7億美元,。路透社在2月報(bào)道稱,,F(xiàn)igure AI正嘗試以近400億美元估值再融資15億美元。
去年秋季,,投資管理公司ARK發(fā)布了一份樂觀的報(bào)告,,預(yù)測人形機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的潛在市場規(guī)模或達(dá)數(shù)萬億美元,,于是從英偉達(dá)到OpenAI等科技巨頭紛紛啟動以機(jī)器人為重點(diǎn)的計(jì)劃,。Agility Robotics與Spanx達(dá)成了一份協(xié)議,其人形機(jī)器人將在Spanx的服裝倉庫中搬運(yùn)貨箱,。據(jù)媒體報(bào)道,,Agility Robotics計(jì)劃融資4億美元。不久前,,總部位于奧斯汀的Apptronik和總部位于加州森尼韋爾的X1分別融資3.5億和1億美元,。
當(dāng)Figure于2024年1月宣布與寶馬達(dá)成合作協(xié)議時(shí),其新聞稿將這份協(xié)議描述為“里程碑式”的分階段合作模式,。雖然Figure稱之為“商業(yè)”協(xié)議,,但雙方均未披露該協(xié)議的財(cái)務(wù)條款或合作期限。
多少機(jī)器人才能組成一支“隊(duì)伍”,?
在爭奪市場份額的機(jī)械雙足生物中,,F(xiàn)igure的人形機(jī)器人外形最為搶眼。相較于其他公司生產(chǎn)的體型更龐大或外形更笨拙的機(jī)型,,啞光灰黑色調(diào)的Figure 02機(jī)型線條流暢,,眼睛使用六臺攝像機(jī),,內(nèi)置AI系統(tǒng),并且雙手非常靈巧,,可以倒牛奶,。
今年2月,阿德科克在LinkedIn上提醒關(guān)注者,,公司與寶馬早在一年前就簽署了合作協(xié)議,。他在帖子中寫道:“我們一年前簽下了首個(gè)商業(yè)客戶寶馬。我們目前已經(jīng)有一支機(jī)器人隊(duì)伍在執(zhí)行端到端操作,。”
當(dāng)時(shí),,筆者聯(lián)系寶馬試圖獲取更多關(guān)于“隊(duì)伍”規(guī)模和“端到端操作”的細(xì)節(jié),。但令筆者驚訝的是,寶馬發(fā)言人史蒂夫·威爾遜表示,,其南卡羅來納州工廠任何時(shí)段都只有一臺Figure機(jī)器人運(yùn)行,,且該人形機(jī)器人僅在“非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段”進(jìn)行零部件的拾取和搬運(yùn)。追問之下,,威爾遜拒絕說明這種單機(jī)測試是由于工廠僅部署一臺機(jī)器人,,還是多臺機(jī)器人輪班執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
他補(bǔ)充說“Figure機(jī)器人很快將在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中短暫參與零部件裝載”,,卻拒絕提供具體時(shí)間表,。這與其非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段的測試工作類似,但機(jī)器人將進(jìn)入真實(shí)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,。
威爾遜解釋稱,,F(xiàn)igure人形機(jī)器人最終承擔(dān)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)工作,將是在車身車間(金屬板材在此組裝成汽車底盤)由單臺機(jī)器人執(zhí)行單項(xiàng)任務(wù),。威爾遜表示,,機(jī)器人將在密閉的工作單元內(nèi)“用雙手從物流箱中拾取部件,并將其放置于固定裝置上”,,隨后由其他類型機(jī)器人進(jìn)行焊接,。這聽起來與阿德科克宣稱其機(jī)器人正在從事的“端到端操作”相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
3月初,,阿德科克在一次會議上談及與寶馬的合作,。他在談到人形機(jī)器人時(shí)表示:“我們現(xiàn)在每天都讓它們保持運(yùn)行。它們?nèi)缃窬驮趯汃R最大的工廠里運(yùn)行,?!蹦壳吧胁磺宄汃R當(dāng)時(shí)是否已開始將Figure機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn),但即便該技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了實(shí)際應(yīng)用,,相較于寶馬官方的說法,,阿德科克對項(xiàng)目范圍的描述似乎仍顯夸大。
讓音樂響起來!
上周一,,阿德科克在LinkedIn上發(fā)布了一條新視頻,,明確展示Figure人形機(jī)器人已正式參與寶馬工廠的生產(chǎn)作業(yè)。這位首席執(zhí)行官表示:“寶馬X Figure的合作升級,。這不是測試,,這就是自主機(jī)器人參與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)操作的狀態(tài)。讓音樂響起來,!”
視頻確實(shí)呈現(xiàn)了寶馬官員描述的工作類型:一臺Figure機(jī)器人從移動貨架取金屬件,,步行送至工作單元,將其置于固定裝置以待其他自動化設(shè)備焊接,。畫面中,,另一臺Figure機(jī)器人靜立于正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)的機(jī)器人旁邊,隨后鏡頭拉遠(yuǎn)展現(xiàn)高度自動化工廠的全景,,而目前Figure機(jī)器人在其中僅扮演了一個(gè)小角色,。
第二臺機(jī)器人是否就是阿德科克所說的“隊(duì)伍”成員?它是否會在首臺人形機(jī)器人電量耗盡時(shí)接替工作,?抑或它只是營銷道具,?寶馬拒絕置評,F(xiàn)igure亦未回應(yīng)質(zhì)詢,。
沒有人(尤其是寶馬)否認(rèn)與Figure的合作關(guān)系,,也沒有人否認(rèn)該豪車品牌正在其中一家工廠測試人形機(jī)器人應(yīng)用。實(shí)際上,,寶馬發(fā)言人威爾遜表示,,公司將在5月的現(xiàn)場媒體活動中披露更多細(xì)節(jié)。
但在這項(xiàng)備受關(guān)注,、可能具有開創(chuàng)性意義的合作中顯露的差異,,卻令機(jī)器人行業(yè)遭到了質(zhì)疑,它仍需證明自身不只有華麗的演示視頻和創(chuàng)始人推動的炒作,。對于人形機(jī)器人,,正如對于人類一樣,信任始終是基石,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
去年年初,,備受矚目的人形機(jī)器人初創(chuàng)公司Figure AI宣布與汽車廠商寶馬(BMW)達(dá)成商業(yè)協(xié)議,這向風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資者和機(jī)器人行業(yè)釋放了一個(gè)信號——這家行業(yè)新貴已成為這個(gè)尖端領(lǐng)域最值得關(guān)注和最想超越的創(chuàng)新者之一,。
Figure創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官布雷特·阿德科克近期的言論,,以及該公司制作的視頻,給人的印象是機(jī)器人制造的新時(shí)代即將全面來臨,。然而仔細(xì)審視合作細(xì)節(jié)會發(fā)現(xiàn),,至少在現(xiàn)階段,,實(shí)際情況可能更加平淡。這表明Figure的人形造車機(jī)器人隊(duì)伍或許是營銷噱頭而非現(xiàn)實(shí)成果,,同時(shí)也讓人質(zhì)疑阿德科克言論的真實(shí)性,。
盡管阿德科克曾在2月夸口稱,一隊(duì)Figure人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)在為該汽車廠商執(zhí)行“端到端操作”,,但據(jù)寶馬發(fā)言人透露,,截至今年3月,寶馬南卡羅來納州工廠部署的Figure機(jī)器人僅在非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段運(yùn)行,,在車身車間練習(xí)拾取和放置零部件,。該發(fā)言人最近表示,目前同樣的機(jī)器人工作已進(jìn)入實(shí)際生產(chǎn)時(shí)段,,但只涉及單臺Figure機(jī)器人執(zhí)行同樣有限的任務(wù),。
對于阿德科克2月宣傳的內(nèi)容與該汽車巨頭所述實(shí)際情況之間的差異,寶馬拒絕置評,,建議記者向阿德科克本人求證。這位連續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè)家及其公司代表至今未對澄清或置評請求做出回應(yīng),。
這些質(zhì)疑的出現(xiàn)恰逢人形機(jī)器人這類科幻產(chǎn)物迎來高光時(shí)刻,。雖然埃隆·馬斯克在特斯拉(Tesla)主導(dǎo)的人形機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目Optimus是推動這一未來形態(tài)的熱度的主要力量,但Figure的商業(yè)協(xié)議仍被視為美國首批實(shí)際應(yīng)用案例之一,。自2022年創(chuàng)立以來,,F(xiàn)igure已從微軟(Microsoft)、英偉達(dá)(Nvidia),、英特爾資本(Intel Capital)及杰夫·貝佐斯(通過其投資公司)等投資者募資超7億美元,。路透社在2月報(bào)道稱,F(xiàn)igure AI正嘗試以近400億美元估值再融資15億美元,。
去年秋季,,投資管理公司ARK發(fā)布了一份樂觀的報(bào)告,預(yù)測人形機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的潛在市場規(guī)?;蜻_(dá)數(shù)萬億美元,,于是從英偉達(dá)到OpenAI等科技巨頭紛紛啟動以機(jī)器人為重點(diǎn)的計(jì)劃。Agility Robotics與Spanx達(dá)成了一份協(xié)議,,其人形機(jī)器人將在Spanx的服裝倉庫中搬運(yùn)貨箱,。據(jù)媒體報(bào)道,Agility Robotics計(jì)劃融資4億美元,。不久前,,總部位于奧斯汀的Apptronik和總部位于加州森尼韋爾的X1分別融資3.5億和1億美元。
當(dāng)Figure于2024年1月宣布與寶馬達(dá)成合作協(xié)議時(shí),,其新聞稿將這份協(xié)議描述為“里程碑式”的分階段合作模式,。雖然Figure稱之為“商業(yè)”協(xié)議,,但雙方均未披露該協(xié)議的財(cái)務(wù)條款或合作期限。
多少機(jī)器人才能組成一支“隊(duì)伍”,?
在爭奪市場份額的機(jī)械雙足生物中,,F(xiàn)igure的人形機(jī)器人外形最為搶眼。相較于其他公司生產(chǎn)的體型更龐大或外形更笨拙的機(jī)型,,啞光灰黑色調(diào)的Figure 02機(jī)型線條流暢,,眼睛使用六臺攝像機(jī),內(nèi)置AI系統(tǒng),,并且雙手非常靈巧,,可以倒牛奶。
今年2月,,阿德科克在LinkedIn上提醒關(guān)注者,,公司與寶馬早在一年前就簽署了合作協(xié)議。他在帖子中寫道:“我們一年前簽下了首個(gè)商業(yè)客戶寶馬,。我們目前已經(jīng)有一支機(jī)器人隊(duì)伍在執(zhí)行端到端操作,。”
當(dāng)時(shí),,筆者聯(lián)系寶馬試圖獲取更多關(guān)于“隊(duì)伍”規(guī)模和“端到端操作”的細(xì)節(jié),。但令筆者驚訝的是,寶馬發(fā)言人史蒂夫·威爾遜表示,,其南卡羅來納州工廠任何時(shí)段都只有一臺Figure機(jī)器人運(yùn)行,,且該人形機(jī)器人僅在“非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段”進(jìn)行零部件的拾取和搬運(yùn)。追問之下,,威爾遜拒絕說明這種單機(jī)測試是由于工廠僅部署一臺機(jī)器人,,還是多臺機(jī)器人輪班執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
他補(bǔ)充說“Figure機(jī)器人很快將在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中短暫參與零部件裝載”,,卻拒絕提供具體時(shí)間表,。這與其非生產(chǎn)時(shí)段的測試工作類似,但機(jī)器人將進(jìn)入真實(shí)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,。
威爾遜解釋稱,,F(xiàn)igure人形機(jī)器人最終承擔(dān)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)工作,將是在車身車間(金屬板材在此組裝成汽車底盤)由單臺機(jī)器人執(zhí)行單項(xiàng)任務(wù),。威爾遜表示,,機(jī)器人將在密閉的工作單元內(nèi)“用雙手從物流箱中拾取部件,并將其放置于固定裝置上”,,隨后由其他類型機(jī)器人進(jìn)行焊接,。這聽起來與阿德科克宣稱其機(jī)器人正在從事的“端到端操作”相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
3月初,,阿德科克在一次會議上談及與寶馬的合作,。他在談到人形機(jī)器人時(shí)表示:“我們現(xiàn)在每天都讓它們保持運(yùn)行,。它們?nèi)缃窬驮趯汃R最大的工廠里運(yùn)行?!蹦壳吧胁磺宄汃R當(dāng)時(shí)是否已開始將Figure機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn),,但即便該技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了實(shí)際應(yīng)用,相較于寶馬官方的說法,,阿德科克對項(xiàng)目范圍的描述似乎仍顯夸大,。
讓音樂響起來!
上周一,,阿德科克在LinkedIn上發(fā)布了一條新視頻,,明確展示Figure人形機(jī)器人已正式參與寶馬工廠的生產(chǎn)作業(yè)。這位首席執(zhí)行官表示:“寶馬X Figure的合作升級,。這不是測試,,這就是自主機(jī)器人參與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)操作的狀態(tài)。讓音樂響起來,!”
視頻確實(shí)呈現(xiàn)了寶馬官員描述的工作類型:一臺Figure機(jī)器人從移動貨架取金屬件,,步行送至工作單元,將其置于固定裝置以待其他自動化設(shè)備焊接,。畫面中,,另一臺Figure機(jī)器人靜立于正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)的機(jī)器人旁邊,隨后鏡頭拉遠(yuǎn)展現(xiàn)高度自動化工廠的全景,,而目前Figure機(jī)器人在其中僅扮演了一個(gè)小角色。
第二臺機(jī)器人是否就是阿德科克所說的“隊(duì)伍”成員,?它是否會在首臺人形機(jī)器人電量耗盡時(shí)接替工作,?抑或它只是營銷道具?寶馬拒絕置評,,F(xiàn)igure亦未回應(yīng)質(zhì)詢,。
沒有人(尤其是寶馬)否認(rèn)與Figure的合作關(guān)系,也沒有人否認(rèn)該豪車品牌正在其中一家工廠測試人形機(jī)器人應(yīng)用,。實(shí)際上,,寶馬發(fā)言人威爾遜表示,公司將在5月的現(xiàn)場媒體活動中披露更多細(xì)節(jié),。
但在這項(xiàng)備受關(guān)注,、可能具有開創(chuàng)性意義的合作中顯露的差異,卻令機(jī)器人行業(yè)遭到了質(zhì)疑,,它仍需證明自身不只有華麗的演示視頻和創(chuàng)始人推動的炒作,。對于人形機(jī)器人,正如對于人類一樣,,信任始終是基石,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
When Figure AI, a high-profile humanoid robot startup, announced a commercial agreement with automaker BMW early last year, it was a signal to venture investors and the rest of the robotics industry that the young company was one of the innovators to watch – and to beat – in this cutting edge sector.
Recent comments by Figure founder and CEO Brett Adcock, along with videos produced by the company, gave the impression that a new era of robo-manufacturing was firmly at hand. But a closer look at the details of the partnership reveals a far more modest affair – at least currently – that suggests Figure’s humanoid car-building workforce may be as much hype as reality and which raises questions about the sincerity of Adcock’s comments.
Up until sometime in March, a Figure robot at BMW’s South Carolina factory operated only during off-hours, practicing picking up and placing parts in the plant’s body shop, according to a BMW spokesperson — even though Adcock boasted in February that a “fleet” of Figure’s humanoid robots were already performing “end-to-end operations” for the carmaker. More recently, that same robot work has moved into live production hours but involves a single Figure robot performing the same limited chore, the spokesperson said.
BMW declined to comment on the disparities between what Adcock had publicized in February and what the auto giant said was the reality at the time, referring those questions to Adcock. The serial entrepreneur and representatives for the company have not responded to requests for clarification or comment.
The questions come as sci-fi like humanoid robots are having a moment. While Elon Musk-directed efforts to build a humanoid called Optimus inside Tesla has played a central role in building hype for the futuristic form factor, Figure’s commercial agreement stood out as one of the first real-world deployments in the U.S. Figure has raised more than $700 million since its 2022 founding from investors including Microsoft, Nvidia, Intel Capital, and Jeff Bezos, via his investment firm. Reuters reported in February that Figure AI was attempting to raise another $1.5 billion at a valuation approaching $40 billion.
Other tech giants, from Nvidia to OpenAI, have all launched robot-focused initiatives as expectations build for a potential market opportunity that investment management firm ARK pegged in the trillions of dollars in a bullish report last fall. Agility Robotics, which inked a deal for its own humanoids to move containers inside a Spanx apparel warehouse, is reportedly raising $400 million. That comes after Austin-based Apptronik and Sunnyvale, Calif.-based X1 recently raised $350 million and $100 million in funding, respectively.
When Figure announced the BMW partnership in January of 2024, a press release described the agreement as “a milestone-based” staged approach. While Figure referred to a “commercial” agreement, none of the parties have disclosed the financial terms nor duration of the deal.
How many droids make a ‘fleet’?
Among the mechanical bipeds vying for a piece of the pie, Figure’s humanoids are among the sharpest-looking. Compared to some of the bulkier or clumsy-looking droids made by other companies, the matte-gray-and-black Figure 02 model cuts a sleek figure, with six cameras for eyes, on-board AI, and hands dexterous enough to pour a glass of milk.
In February, Adcock reminded his LinkedIn network that the BMW deal had been inked one year earlier, writing, “We signed our first commercial customer, BMW, a year ago,” his LinkedIn post read. “We currently have a fleet of robots performing end-to-end operations.”
At the time, I reached out to BMW to try to get more details on the fleet of robots and what the end-to-end operations entailed. To my surprise, though, BMW spokesperson Steve Wilson said there was only a single Figure robot working in their South Carolina auto plant at any given time, and that the humanoid was picking up and maneuvering parts “during non-production hours.” When later pressed, Wilson would not say if these one-robot tests were due to there being just one solitary Figure humanoid at the factory, or if the carmaker had multiple Figure humanoids taking turns practicing tasks.
He added that “very soon, the Figure robot will begin loading parts for short intervals during live production,” but declined to offer a more specific timeline. This would be similar work to that which was being tested in off-hours, but in a real production environment.
The production-hours work that Figure’s humanoid would eventually do, Wilson explained, would involve a single robot performing a single task at any given time, in the plant’s body shop – where metal sheet panels are eventually assembled to form the vehicle’s chassis. According to Wilson, the robot would pick up “parts with two hands from a logistics container and place the parts onto a fixture” inside a contained work cell where another type of robot would “begin welding the parts together.” It sounded like a far more limited job than the “end-to-end operations” that Adcock said his droids were already doing.
In early March, Adcock discussed the BMW deal while speaking at a conference. “We actually have them running everyday now,” he said of the humanoids. “They’re there today running in their largest plant.” It’s not clear if BMW had by then started using Figure’s robot technology for production work, but even if it were the case, Adcock’s description once again seemed to stretch the scope of the project versus what was described by the BMW official.
Turn the music up!
On Monday, Adcock posted a new video to LinkedIn that made clear the Figure humanoid was now officially doing production work at BMW’s factory. “BMW X Figure Update,” the CEO said. “This isn’t a test—this is what autonomous robots in production operations look like. Turn the music up!”
The video indeed displayed the type of work that the BMW official had described–a Figure robot retrieving metal pieces from a mobile shelf, and then walking them over to a work cell where it places them onto a fixture in preparation for welding by other automated equipment. A second Figure robot stood idle next to the one performing the task, before the video zoomed out to show a highly automated plant of which Figure is currently playing a small role.
Was that second robot part of the “fleet” that Adcock had described, and would it swing into action when the first humanoid ran out of juice? Or was it just a marketing prop? BMW wouldn’t say and Figure is not responding to queries.
No one, especially BMW, is denying that the partnership with Figure is real, nor that the luxury car brand is testing use of the humanoid robot in one of its plants. In fact, Wilson, the BMW spokesperson, said the company will reveal more details during an onsite press event in May.
But the seeming discrepancies in such a high-profile and potentially seminal deal raise awkward questions for an industry that still needs to prove it’s more than just glossy demo videos and founder-fueled hype. When it comes to humanoids, as with humans, trust is key.