
股市動(dòng)蕩引發(fā)人們對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)安全的恐慌,疾病暴發(fā)的陰影揮之不去,,復(fù)工令迫使人們重返辦公室,,如今美國(guó)人承受著前所未有的壓力。這種壓力在今年早些時(shí)候表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯:美國(guó)在《世界幸福報(bào)告》(World Happiness Report)年度榜單中的排名首次跌至歷史最低位,。
在壓力之下,我們會(huì)做些什么,?答案自然是機(jī)械地啃食咸味和甜味零食,。
事實(shí)上,零食公司億滋國(guó)際(Mondelēz International)近期的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),,81%的受訪消費(fèi)者會(huì)通過吃零食來緩解壓力,、尋找獨(dú)處的寧?kù)o時(shí)刻——這一比例較2023年增長(zhǎng)了近10%。報(bào)告顯示,,千禧一代和Z世代是最常吃零食的人群,,其中近75%的人寧愿整天吃零食也不愿吃三頓正餐。
梅奧診所飲食法(Mayo Clinic Diet)的首席營(yíng)養(yǎng)師塔拉·施密特表示,,這種“情緒性零食攝入”是許多人共同的習(xí)慣,。
她對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我會(huì)將其描述為‘因負(fù)面情緒而進(jìn)食’或‘負(fù)面情緒觸發(fā)了進(jìn)食’。背后的動(dòng)機(jī)可能多種多樣:渴望轉(zhuǎn)移注意力,、尋求安慰,,尋求多巴胺分泌或短暫提升幸福感……我們最終是在通過食物尋求一種典型的‘獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)’?!?/p>
不過,,在過度苛責(zé)這種習(xí)慣前,請(qǐng)先意識(shí)到:自我批判可能加劇問題(此外,,吃零食也可以是全天傾聽身體饑餓信號(hào)的一種健康方式),。
下文將分享施密特提供的實(shí)用方法,助你減少無意識(shí)攝入零食并提升身體活力,。
找出吃零食行為背后的“原因”
你可能習(xí)慣在工作會(huì)議前或看新聞時(shí)通過吃零食來平復(fù)焦慮心情,。明確自己吃薯片的原因,有助于讓你更清醒地思考真實(shí)需求,。你是真的餓了,,還是僅僅形成了吃零食的習(xí)慣?
施密特表示:“理解觸發(fā)情緒性零食攝入的因素是改變習(xí)慣的第一步,。若不清楚誘因,,就無法選擇不同的應(yīng)對(duì)方式?!?/p>
例如,,在工作會(huì)議前,你真正需要的可能是一頓富含蛋白質(zhì)和纖維的飽腹早餐(研究表明營(yíng)養(yǎng)早餐有助于抑制全天饑餓感并改善整體健康),。
但當(dāng)你感到壓力且你清楚自己并不餓時(shí),,你實(shí)際需要的或許是聽一期優(yōu)質(zhì)播客或給朋友打個(gè)電話,。
施密特指出:“如果你能關(guān)上冰箱門去聯(lián)系好友,在掛斷電話后,,你將獲得與吃完零食的時(shí)候類似的狀態(tài),,理想情況下,你會(huì)得到積極回報(bào),?!倍绻愦_實(shí)感到饑餓,就該享用營(yíng)養(yǎng)零食或正餐,。
改變所處環(huán)境
當(dāng)人們感到無聊或渴望快速獲取多巴胺時(shí),,如果食物觸手可及,人們通常就會(huì)進(jìn)食,。若走到戶外或轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)境,,這些暗示便會(huì)消失。
施密特表示:“如果你的辦公桌上放著糖果碗,,你吃糖的概率會(huì)比桌上沒有擺放糖果碗的人更高,。”
她補(bǔ)充道:“如果你知道自己需要休息,,無論是為了放松,、補(bǔ)充睡眠還是緩解壓力,請(qǐng)別選擇去廚房,?!?
專注進(jìn)食
培養(yǎng)專注力是建立健康飲食關(guān)系的常用方法。這意味著細(xì)細(xì)品嘗食物風(fēng)味,,而不是狼吞虎咽,。傳統(tǒng)節(jié)食強(qiáng)調(diào)食物種類和限制,專注進(jìn)食則是避免將某種食物妖魔化,,而是通過放慢進(jìn)食節(jié)奏,、關(guān)注當(dāng)下,幫助人們練習(xí)控制食量和增強(qiáng)覺察力,。
施密特表示:“我們常會(huì)‘無意識(shí)進(jìn)食’,,比如吃東西卻不品嘗味道,有時(shí)候甚至忘記咀嚼,。沒有嗅聞食物香氣,,吃完后完全不記得進(jìn)食過程?!?/p>
美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)(American Diabetes Association)發(fā)布的一篇關(guān)于專注進(jìn)食的論文建議問自己下面這些問題:“在下意識(shí)伸手拿食物前,,停下來感受自己的情緒和真實(shí)需求。你是感到有壓力、無聊,、憤怒還是悲傷,?感到孤獨(dú)?或是真的生理性饑餓,?覺察你的即時(shí)反應(yīng),,然后主動(dòng)做出選擇?!边@篇論文還建議,,在饑餓時(shí)開始進(jìn)食,你就能專注于食物的風(fēng)味,。“每吃一口后,,感受身體的反饋,。是否已經(jīng)吃飽?是否需要攝入更多,?要停止進(jìn)食嗎,?接著繼續(xù)你的選擇?!?/p>
施密特表示,,當(dāng)你專注于當(dāng)下慢慢享受食物時(shí),你更有可能獲得滿足感,,且無需愧疚,。
她表示:“無論進(jìn)食動(dòng)機(jī)如何,請(qǐng)練習(xí)專注,。排除干擾,,享受每一口?!?/p>
改變零食選擇順序
若想戒除情緒性進(jìn)食,,可嘗試先選擇更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的零食,并感受身體的反應(yīng),。高熱量零食(如薯片,、餅干和薄脆餅)往往無法提供飽腹感,反而讓人吃完更餓,。
施密特建議,,從能夠增強(qiáng)飽腹感的零食開始,例如蛋白質(zhì)或者能增強(qiáng)飽腹感并維持能量的天然食物等,。鷹嘴豆泥配生蔬菜,,或酸奶配水果,都是很好的選擇。
施密特強(qiáng)調(diào),,無需徹底改變吃零食的習(xí)慣,。但對(duì)于希望改善情緒性零食攝入和培養(yǎng)健康習(xí)慣的人,上述建議會(huì)有所幫助,。
她表示:“我們想幫人們建立意識(shí),。我完全清楚自己和閨蜜吃玉米片蘸莎莎醬、喝瑪格麗特酒,,并非是因?yàn)樗鼈兊臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,。但我對(duì)此有清醒的認(rèn)知。接著你可以討論這類行為的頻率,、攝入量,,以及是否存在更健康的方式。我清楚自己能做哪些調(diào)整,,也明白哪些是經(jīng)過思考后選擇保留的習(xí)慣,。” (財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
股市動(dòng)蕩引發(fā)人們對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)安全的恐慌,,疾病暴發(fā)的陰影揮之不去,,復(fù)工令迫使人們重返辦公室,如今美國(guó)人承受著前所未有的壓力,。這種壓力在今年早些時(shí)候表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯:美國(guó)在《世界幸福報(bào)告》(World Happiness Report)年度榜單中的排名首次跌至歷史最低位,。
在壓力之下,我們會(huì)做些什么,?答案自然是機(jī)械地啃食咸味和甜味零食,。
事實(shí)上,零食公司億滋國(guó)際(Mondelēz International)近期的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),,81%的受訪消費(fèi)者會(huì)通過吃零食來緩解壓力,、尋找獨(dú)處的寧?kù)o時(shí)刻——這一比例較2023年增長(zhǎng)了近10%。報(bào)告顯示,,千禧一代和Z世代是最常吃零食的人群,,其中近75%的人寧愿整天吃零食也不愿吃三頓正餐。
梅奧診所飲食法(Mayo Clinic Diet)的首席營(yíng)養(yǎng)師塔拉·施密特表示,,這種“情緒性零食攝入”是許多人共同的習(xí)慣,。
她對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我會(huì)將其描述為‘因負(fù)面情緒而進(jìn)食’或‘負(fù)面情緒觸發(fā)了進(jìn)食’。背后的動(dòng)機(jī)可能多種多樣:渴望轉(zhuǎn)移注意力,、尋求安慰,,尋求多巴胺分泌或短暫提升幸福感……我們最終是在通過食物尋求一種典型的‘獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)’?!?/p>
不過,,在過度苛責(zé)這種習(xí)慣前,,請(qǐng)先意識(shí)到:自我批判可能加劇問題(此外,吃零食也可以是全天傾聽身體饑餓信號(hào)的一種健康方式),。
下文將分享施密特提供的實(shí)用方法,,助你減少無意識(shí)攝入零食并提升身體活力。
找出吃零食行為背后的“原因”
你可能習(xí)慣在工作會(huì)議前或看新聞時(shí)通過吃零食來平復(fù)焦慮心情,。明確自己吃薯片的原因,,有助于讓你更清醒地思考真實(shí)需求。你是真的餓了,,還是僅僅形成了吃零食的習(xí)慣,?
施密特表示:“理解觸發(fā)情緒性零食攝入的因素是改變習(xí)慣的第一步。若不清楚誘因,,就無法選擇不同的應(yīng)對(duì)方式,。”
例如,,在工作會(huì)議前,,你真正需要的可能是一頓富含蛋白質(zhì)和纖維的飽腹早餐(研究表明營(yíng)養(yǎng)早餐有助于抑制全天饑餓感并改善整體健康)。
但當(dāng)你感到壓力且你清楚自己并不餓時(shí),,你實(shí)際需要的或許是聽一期優(yōu)質(zhì)播客或給朋友打個(gè)電話。
施密特指出:“如果你能關(guān)上冰箱門去聯(lián)系好友,,在掛斷電話后,,你將獲得與吃完零食的時(shí)候類似的狀態(tài),理想情況下,,你會(huì)得到積極回報(bào),。”而如果你確實(shí)感到饑餓,,就該享用營(yíng)養(yǎng)零食或正餐,。
改變所處環(huán)境
當(dāng)人們感到無聊或渴望快速獲取多巴胺時(shí),如果食物觸手可及,,人們通常就會(huì)進(jìn)食,。若走到戶外或轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)境,這些暗示便會(huì)消失,。
施密特表示:“如果你的辦公桌上放著糖果碗,,你吃糖的概率會(huì)比桌上沒有擺放糖果碗的人更高?!?/p>
她補(bǔ)充道:“如果你知道自己需要休息,,無論是為了放松、補(bǔ)充睡眠還是緩解壓力,,請(qǐng)別選擇去廚房,?!?
專注進(jìn)食
培養(yǎng)專注力是建立健康飲食關(guān)系的常用方法。這意味著細(xì)細(xì)品嘗食物風(fēng)味,,而不是狼吞虎咽,。傳統(tǒng)節(jié)食強(qiáng)調(diào)食物種類和限制,專注進(jìn)食則是避免將某種食物妖魔化,,而是通過放慢進(jìn)食節(jié)奏,、關(guān)注當(dāng)下,幫助人們練習(xí)控制食量和增強(qiáng)覺察力,。
施密特表示:“我們常會(huì)‘無意識(shí)進(jìn)食’,,比如吃東西卻不品嘗味道,有時(shí)候甚至忘記咀嚼,。沒有嗅聞食物香氣,,吃完后完全不記得進(jìn)食過程?!?/p>
美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)(American Diabetes Association)發(fā)布的一篇關(guān)于專注進(jìn)食的論文建議問自己下面這些問題:“在下意識(shí)伸手拿食物前,,停下來感受自己的情緒和真實(shí)需求。你是感到有壓力,、無聊,、憤怒還是悲傷?感到孤獨(dú),?或是真的生理性饑餓,?覺察你的即時(shí)反應(yīng),然后主動(dòng)做出選擇,?!边@篇論文還建議,在饑餓時(shí)開始進(jìn)食,,你就能專注于食物的風(fēng)味,。“每吃一口后,,感受身體的反饋,。是否已經(jīng)吃飽?是否需要攝入更多,?要停止進(jìn)食嗎,?接著繼續(xù)你的選擇?!?/p>
施密特表示,,當(dāng)你專注于當(dāng)下慢慢享受食物時(shí),你更有可能獲得滿足感,,且無需愧疚,。
她表示:“無論進(jìn)食動(dòng)機(jī)如何,,請(qǐng)練習(xí)專注。排除干擾,,享受每一口,。”
改變零食選擇順序
若想戒除情緒性進(jìn)食,,可嘗試先選擇更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的零食,,并感受身體的反應(yīng)。高熱量零食(如薯片,、餅干和薄脆餅)往往無法提供飽腹感,,反而讓人吃完更餓。
施密特建議,,從能夠增強(qiáng)飽腹感的零食開始,,例如蛋白質(zhì)或者能增強(qiáng)飽腹感并維持能量的天然食物等。鷹嘴豆泥配生蔬菜,,或酸奶配水果,,都是很好的選擇。
施密特強(qiáng)調(diào),,無需徹底改變吃零食的習(xí)慣,。但對(duì)于希望改善情緒性零食攝入和培養(yǎng)健康習(xí)慣的人,上述建議會(huì)有所幫助,。
她表示:“我們想幫人們建立意識(shí),。我完全清楚自己和閨蜜吃玉米片蘸莎莎醬、喝瑪格麗特酒,,并非是因?yàn)樗鼈兊臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。但我對(duì)此有清醒的認(rèn)知,。接著你可以討論這類行為的頻率,、攝入量,以及是否存在更健康的方式,。我清楚自己能做哪些調(diào)整,,也明白哪些是經(jīng)過思考后選擇保留的習(xí)慣?!?(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Between stocks causing panic about financial security, disease outbreaks looming in the background, and return-to-work mandates pushing people back into the office, Americans are more stressed than ever—something particularly evident earlier this year when the U.S. dropped to its lowest position on the annual World Happiness Report for the first time in the list’s history.
And what do we do in times of stress? Mindlessly nibble on salty and sugary snacks, of course.
A recent report from the Mondelēz International snack manufacturer, in fact, found that 81% of consumers surveyed snack to escape stress and find quiet moments to themselves—a nearly 10% increase from 2023. Millennials and Gen Zers are the most common snackers of the bunch, according to the report, and nearly 75% would rather snack all day than eat three full meals.
Such “emotional snacking,” says Tara Schmidt, a lead dietician of the Mayo Clinic Diet, is a habit familiar to us all.
“I would describe it as eating in response to a negative emotion, or a negative emotion triggering eating,” she tells Fortune. “The rationale behind it can be anything from desiring a distraction to seeking comfort to searching for a bit of a dopamine or happiness boost … We end up seeking a reward that’s typically given to us by food.”
But before being too hard on yourself about the habit, consider that doing so can exacerbate the issue (plus, snacking can be a healthy way to listen to hunger cues throughout the day).
Below, Schmidt offers tools to help you curb your mindless snackig and feel more energized.
Identify the “why” behind your snacking
Maybe you tend to snack to calm nerves before a work meeting or while reading the news. Identifying when you reach for the bag of chips can help you be more mindful about what you need. Are you hungry, or has snacking merely become a routine?
“Understanding the trigger for emotional snacking is the first step to stopping the habit,” Schmidt says. “If you don’t know your trigger, you can’t decide on a different response.”
Before a work meeting, for example, what you may really need is a filling breakfast with protein and fiber (as research suggests a nutritious breakfast helps stave off hunger throughout the day and can improve overall health).
But when you’re stressed—and, if you can realize, not hungry—what you may actually need is to listen to a great podcast or call a friend.
If you can close the fridge and go call your best friend, Schmidt says, ”you’re going to leave that phone call the same as you would have left your snack, ideally with that positive reward.” And if you are truly hungry, then you know it’s time for a nutritious snack or meal.
Change your setting
Often we snack when we have food at our fingertips, whether out of boredom or for a quick dopamine hit. If we walk outside or change our environment, those cues disappear.
“If you have an office with a candy bowl on your desk, you are more likely to consume that candy than someone who has a desk without a candy bowl,” Schmidt says.
Further, she adds, “If you know that you need a break, a happiness break, a sleep break, or a stress break, don’t do it in the kitchen.”
Eat mindfully
Establishing mindfulness is a popular tool for establishing a healthy relationship with food. It means enjoying and savoring the flavors over shoveling in food in a rush. And while diets focus on types of food and restriction, mindful eating doesn’t demonize one food over the other. Instead, it helps people practice portion control and awareness by slowing down and being in the present moment.
“We engage in a lot of mindless eating, or eating without tasting our food. Sometimes we forget to chew our food. We’re not smelling it. Your meal is gone, and you don’t really remember eating it,” Schmidt says.
A research paper on mindful eating, published by the American Diabetes Association, suggests asking yourself the following: “Before reaching for something automatically, stop and take a moment to notice what you are feeling and what you might want to fill you up. Are you stressed, bored, angry, or sad? Are you lonely? Or, are you actually physically hungry? Be mindful of your reactivity and make a choice instead.” When you’re hungry and begin eating, it adds, you can pay attention to the flavors of the food. “After each bite, check in with your body to see how you are feeling. Have you had enough? Do you need more? Is it time to stop? Then move on to whatever you have chosen.”
Schmidt says you’re more likely to leave your meal satisfied and without guilt when you can slowly enjoy it in the present moment.
“No matter the rationale behind your eating, practice mindfulness,” Schmidt says. “Put away other distractions and enjoy each bite.”
Switch up the snack you start with
For someone trying to break the emotional eating habit, try experimenting with more nutritious snacks first and see how that feels. Often, the snackiest snack foods aren’t filling (hello: chips, cookies, and crackers) and leave us hungrier after.
Start your snacking experience with something filling, like a protein or produce that can boost your feeling of satiety and sustain your energy, Schmidt says. Some good examples include hummus and raw veggies, or yogurt and fruit.
Snacking, says Schmidt, is not something to overhaul completely. But for those who feel they are emotionally snacking and want to work on healthier habits, these tips can help.
“What we want to help people do is bring awareness to it,” she says. “I’m fully aware that I don’t eat chips and salsa and drink margaritas with my girlfriends because of their nutritional value. But, I’m also fully aware. And then you can talk about how often you do that and how much you consume, and if there’s a way to do it healthier, and I’m fully aware of what I could adapt and what I mindfully choose not to change.”