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營(yíng)利還是非營(yíng)利,?OpenAI再次做出選擇

美聯(lián)社
2025-05-08

奧爾特曼稱:“市場(chǎng)對(duì)人工智能工具的需求遠(yuǎn)超我們預(yù)期,。”

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在實(shí)施營(yíng)利性企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃數(shù)月之后,,OpenAI開(kāi)始走回頭路,,并于周一宣布其非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)將繼續(xù)控制這家開(kāi)發(fā)ChatGPT及其他人工智能產(chǎn)品的公司。

OpenAI首席執(zhí)行官山姆·奧爾特曼在致員工的信中表示:“在與公民領(lǐng)袖以及加州和特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室討論之后,,我們決定讓非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)保持控制權(quán),。”

奧爾特曼和OpenAI非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)主席布雷特·泰勒表示,,董事會(huì)決定保留非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)OpenAI的控制權(quán),。泰勒稱,該非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)已設(shè)有一個(gè)營(yíng)利部門,,但該部門將被轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐患摇靶柰瑫r(shí)考慮股東利益和企業(yè)使命”的公益公司。

然而,,泰勒周一拒絕透露非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)在新公益公司中的持股比例,。他在記者電話會(huì)議中表示,公益公司的董事會(huì)成員將由非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)挑選,,而且一開(kāi)始很可能由OpenAI當(dāng)前非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)原班人馬擔(dān)任,。

美國(guó)特拉華州在2013年通過(guò)有關(guān)設(shè)立公益公司的立法。隨后,,其他州也設(shè)立了相同或類似法律,,要求此類公司在追求利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)還需以社會(huì)公益事業(yè)為目標(biāo)。包括Amalgamated Bank和在線教育平臺(tái)Coursera在內(nèi)的公益公司,,在注冊(cè)時(shí)需明確其從事何種公益事業(yè),,但種類的范圍卻非常寬泛。

奧爾特曼表示,,從有限責(zé)任公司轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣婀尽爸皇菫榱俗孫penAI的架構(gòu)更清晰,,以便讓OpenAI這樣的規(guī)模化公司做它該做的事情”,。

其中的一項(xiàng)調(diào)整就是取消OpenAI此前設(shè)定的利潤(rùn)上限,。

奧爾特曼稱:“市場(chǎng)對(duì)人工智能工具的需求遠(yuǎn)超我們預(yù)期。”他表示,,獲得更多資本將使OpenAI更容易進(jìn)行并購(gòu)等“企業(yè)常規(guī)操作”,。

OpenAI由奧爾特曼和特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克等聯(lián)合創(chuàng)立,最初是一家非營(yíng)利研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室,其使命在于穩(wěn)妥地開(kāi)發(fā)造福人類的通用人工智能(AGI),。在成立近十年后,,OpenAI宣稱其市值已達(dá)3000億美元,其旗艦產(chǎn)品ChatGPT的周用戶量達(dá)到了4億,。

OpenAI于去年首次提出核心治理結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計(jì)劃,但面臨多重挑戰(zhàn),,其中一項(xiàng)便是馬斯克的訴訟,。他指控OpenAI和奧爾特曼違背了促使他投資該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)建原則。上周,,一名聯(lián)邦法官駁回了馬斯克的部分指控,,但允許將其他指控納入將于明年進(jìn)行的庭審。

OpenAI還面臨其注冊(cè)地特拉華州及其總部舊金山所在州加州最高執(zhí)法官員的審查,。加州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室在一份聲明中表示,,該機(jī)構(gòu)正在評(píng)估這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,并稱“此事仍在進(jìn)行中,,而且辦公室將繼續(xù)與OpenAI溝通”,。

特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室并未直接回復(fù)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

包括OpenAI前員工和其他慈善機(jī)構(gòu)在內(nèi)的多名倡議者曾向加州總檢察長(zhǎng)羅布·邦塔和特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)凱西·詹寧斯呼吁,,要求他們行使權(quán)力保護(hù)OpenAI的慈善使命并阻止其重組計(jì)劃,。這兩位檢察長(zhǎng)均為民主黨人。

部分人士擔(dān)心,,一旦ChatGPT的開(kāi)發(fā)者實(shí)現(xiàn)公司目標(biāo)——開(kāi)發(fā)出超越人類的人工智能,,卻不再對(duì)公司“避免該技術(shù)造成嚴(yán)重危害”的公共使命負(fù)責(zé),未來(lái)將何去何從,?

其他幾家人工智能公司也選擇注冊(cè)為公益公司,,包括Anthropic和馬斯克的xAI。然而,,OpenAI依然有其獨(dú)特之處:其公益公司仍由非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)控制,。

奧爾特曼表示,如果OpenAI變成一家“徹底的常規(guī)公司”,,那么融資“可能會(huì)更便利”,,但鑒于其使命,“我們不想成為一家徹底的常規(guī)公司,,而且我們相信當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于融資來(lái)說(shuō)毫無(wú)壓力”,。

奧爾特曼表示:“很多投資者認(rèn)為OpenAI是一家優(yōu)秀的企業(yè),卻并不在乎或不認(rèn)同我們的使命?!彼€稱自己“很高興沒(méi)有接受他們的投資”,。

奧爾特曼稱,自己仍認(rèn)為OpenAI將獲得日本科技巨頭軟銀集團(tuán)(SoftBank Group)的大額投資,,后者在今年2月宣布計(jì)劃與OpenAI成立合資公司以推動(dòng)人工智能服務(wù),。

近些年來(lái),OpenAI最大的投資者是微軟,,后者并未直接回復(fù)周一的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

在實(shí)施營(yíng)利性企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃數(shù)月之后,OpenAI開(kāi)始走回頭路,,并于周一宣布其非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)將繼續(xù)控制這家開(kāi)發(fā)ChatGPT及其他人工智能產(chǎn)品的公司,。

OpenAI首席執(zhí)行官山姆·奧爾特曼在致員工的信中表示:“在與公民領(lǐng)袖以及加州和特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室討論之后,我們決定讓非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)保持控制權(quán),?!?/p>

奧爾特曼和OpenAI非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)主席布雷特·泰勒表示,董事會(huì)決定保留非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)OpenAI的控制權(quán),。泰勒稱,,該非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)已設(shè)有一個(gè)營(yíng)利部門,但該部門將被轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐患摇靶柰瑫r(shí)考慮股東利益和企業(yè)使命”的公益公司,。

然而,,泰勒周一拒絕透露非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)在新公益公司中的持股比例。他在記者電話會(huì)議中表示,,公益公司的董事會(huì)成員將由非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)挑選,,而且一開(kāi)始很可能由OpenAI當(dāng)前非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)原班人馬擔(dān)任。

美國(guó)特拉華州在2013年通過(guò)有關(guān)設(shè)立公益公司的立法,。隨后,,其他州也設(shè)立了相同或類似法律,,要求此類公司在追求利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)還需以社會(huì)公益事業(yè)為目標(biāo),。包括Amalgamated Bank和在線教育平臺(tái)Coursera在內(nèi)的公益公司,在注冊(cè)時(shí)需明確其從事何種公益事業(yè),,但種類的范圍卻非常寬泛,。

奧爾特曼表示,從有限責(zé)任公司轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣婀尽爸皇菫榱俗孫penAI的架構(gòu)更清晰,,以便讓OpenAI這樣的規(guī)?;咀鏊撟龅氖虑椤薄?/p>

其中的一項(xiàng)調(diào)整就是取消OpenAI此前設(shè)定的利潤(rùn)上限,。

奧爾特曼稱:“市場(chǎng)對(duì)人工智能工具的需求遠(yuǎn)超我們預(yù)期,。”他表示,獲得更多資本將使OpenAI更容易進(jìn)行并購(gòu)等“企業(yè)常規(guī)操作”,。

OpenAI由奧爾特曼和特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克等聯(lián)合創(chuàng)立,,最初是一家非營(yíng)利研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室,其使命在于穩(wěn)妥地開(kāi)發(fā)造福人類的通用人工智能(AGI),。在成立近十年后,,OpenAI宣稱其市值已達(dá)3000億美元,其旗艦產(chǎn)品ChatGPT的周用戶量達(dá)到了4億,。

OpenAI于去年首次提出核心治理結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計(jì)劃,,但面臨多重挑戰(zhàn),其中一項(xiàng)便是馬斯克的訴訟,。他指控OpenAI和奧爾特曼違背了促使他投資該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)建原則,。上周,一名聯(lián)邦法官駁回了馬斯克的部分指控,,但允許將其他指控納入將于明年進(jìn)行的庭審,。

OpenAI還面臨其注冊(cè)地特拉華州及其總部舊金山所在州加州最高執(zhí)法官員的審查。加州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室在一份聲明中表示,,該機(jī)構(gòu)正在評(píng)估這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,,并稱“此事仍在進(jìn)行中,而且辦公室將繼續(xù)與OpenAI溝通”,。

特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)辦公室并未直接回復(fù)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。

包括OpenAI前員工和其他慈善機(jī)構(gòu)在內(nèi)的多名倡議者曾向加州總檢察長(zhǎng)羅布·邦塔和特拉華州總檢察長(zhǎng)凱西·詹寧斯呼吁,要求他們行使權(quán)力保護(hù)OpenAI的慈善使命并阻止其重組計(jì)劃,。這兩位檢察長(zhǎng)均為民主黨人,。

部分人士擔(dān)心,一旦ChatGPT的開(kāi)發(fā)者實(shí)現(xiàn)公司目標(biāo)——開(kāi)發(fā)出超越人類的人工智能,,卻不再對(duì)公司“避免該技術(shù)造成嚴(yán)重危害”的公共使命負(fù)責(zé),,未來(lái)將何去何從?

其他幾家人工智能公司也選擇注冊(cè)為公益公司,,包括Anthropic和馬斯克的xAI,。然而,OpenAI依然有其獨(dú)特之處:其公益公司仍由非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)董事會(huì)控制,。

奧爾特曼表示,,如果OpenAI變成一家“徹底的常規(guī)公司”,那么融資“可能會(huì)更便利”,,但鑒于其使命,,“我們不想成為一家徹底的常規(guī)公司,而且我們相信當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于融資來(lái)說(shuō)毫無(wú)壓力”,。

奧爾特曼表示:“很多投資者認(rèn)為OpenAI是一家優(yōu)秀的企業(yè),,卻并不在乎或不認(rèn)同我們的使命,。”他還稱自己“很高興沒(méi)有接受他們的投資”,。

奧爾特曼稱,,自己仍認(rèn)為OpenAI將獲得日本科技巨頭軟銀集團(tuán)(SoftBank Group)的大額投資,后者在今年2月宣布計(jì)劃與OpenAI成立合資公司以推動(dòng)人工智能服務(wù),。

近些年來(lái),,OpenAI最大的投資者是微軟,后者并未直接回復(fù)周一的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求,。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

After months spent pursuing a plan to convert itself into a for-profit business, OpenAI is reversing course and said Monday its nonprofit will continue to control the company that makes ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence products.

“We made the decision for the nonprofit to stay in control after hearing from civic leaders and having discussions with the offices of the Attorneys General of California and Delaware,” said CEO Sam Altman in a letter to employees.

Altman and the chair of OpenAI’s nonprofit board, Bret Taylor, said the board made the decision for the nonprofit to retain control of OpenAI. The nonprofit already has a for-profit arm, but that arm will be converted into a public benefit corporation “that has to consider the interests of both shareholders and the mission,” Taylor said.

However, Taylor declined to say Monday how large of an ownership stake the nonprofit will have in the new public benefit corporation. He said in a call with reporters that the nonprofit will choose the board members of the public benefit corporation and, at first, they will likely be the same people who now sit on OpenAI’s nonprofit board.

Public benefit corporations were first created in Delaware in 2013 and other states have adopted the same or similar laws that require the companies to pursue not just profit but a social good. Public benefit corporations, which include Amalgamated Bank and the online education platform Coursera, need to define that social good, which can vary broadly, when they incorporate.

Altman said that converting from a limited liability company to a public benefit corporation “just sets up us to be a more understandable structure to do the things that a company of our scope has to do.”

Among the changes would be removing a cap OpenAI had placed on how much profit it could make.

“There’s so much more demand to use AI tools than we thought there was going to be,” Altman said. Getting access to more capital will make it easier for OpenAI to pursue mergers and acquisitions “and other normal things companies would do,” Altman said.

OpenAI’s co-founders, including Altman and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, originally started it as a nonprofit research laboratory on a mission to safely build what’s known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI, for humanity’s benefit. Nearly a decade later, OpenAI has reported its market value as $300 billion and counts 400 million weekly users of ChatGPT, its flagship product.

OpenAI first outlined plans last year to convert its core governance structure but faced a number of challenges. One is a lawsuit from Musk, who accuses the company and Altman of betraying the founding principles that led Musk to invest in the charity. A federal judge last week dismissed some of Musk’s claims and allowed others to proceed to a trial set for next year.

OpenAI also faced scrutiny from the top law enforcement officers in Delaware, where the company is incorporated, and California, where it operates out of a San Francisco headquarters. The California attorney general’s office said in a statement that it was reviewing the plan and, “This remains an ongoing matter — and we are in continued conversations with Open AI.”

The attorney general’s office in Delaware did not immediately return a request for comment.

A number of advocates, including former OpenAI employees and other charities, had petitioned California Attorney General Rob Bonta and Delaware Attorney General Kathy Jennings, both Democrats, to use their authority to protect OpenAI’s charitable purpose and block its planned restructuring.

Some were concerned about what happens if the ChatGPT maker fulfills its ambition to build AI that outperforms humans, but is no longer accountable to its public mission to safeguard that technology from causing grievous harm.

Multiple other artificial intelligence companies have opted to incorporate as public benefit corporations, including Anthropic and xAI, Musk’s company. However, OpenAI would remain unique in that its public benefit corporation would still be controlled by the nonprofit’s board.

Altman said it would “maybe be easier” to raise money if OpenAI were a “fully normal company,” but given its mission, “we don’t want to be a fully normal company, and we believe this is well over the bar of what we need to be able to fundraise.”

“We’ve had plenty of investors who think OpenAI is a great business but don’t care about or don’t appreciate our mission,” Altman said, adding that he was “happy not to have their money.”

Altman said he still expects a large investment from Japanese technology giant SoftBank Group, which in February announced plans to set up a joint company with OpenAI to push AI services.

The company’s biggest investor over the past several years has been Microsoft, which didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment Monday.

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