
惠譽評級(Fitch Ratings)于6月11日發(fā)布的報告稱,,受關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)、石油需求增長放緩以及歐佩克(OPEC)和其他國家增產(chǎn)的影響,,全球經(jīng)濟面臨不確定性,,石油和天然氣行業(yè)已進入新的惡化狀態(tài)。
惠譽決定將化石燃料行業(yè)2025年的前景展望從“中性”下調(diào)為“惡化”,這是基于全球宏觀經(jīng)濟狀況,,特別是四月初遭遇的雙重打擊:特朗普總統(tǒng)宣布加征關(guān)稅,,以及歐佩克及其關(guān)鍵盟友在多年自我限產(chǎn)之后決定增產(chǎn)原油。
然而,,惠譽強調(diào),,只要此次行業(yè)評級下調(diào)持續(xù)時間較短,大多數(shù)美國油氣公司受到的影響有限,,因為它們進入此輪波動期時,,平均資產(chǎn)負債表更為健康,,債務(wù)水平較低,。
惠譽在報告中指出:“關(guān)稅緊張局勢已有所緩和,然而,,關(guān)稅稅率最終將穩(wěn)定在何種水平,,以及已實施關(guān)稅所產(chǎn)生的影響,仍將是我們宏觀經(jīng)濟預(yù)測的關(guān)鍵因素,,這會導(dǎo)致石油消費增幅低于此前的預(yù)期,。”
在沙特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的歐佩克以及其他國家(包括哈薩克斯坦,、巴西和圭亞那)提高石油產(chǎn)量的同時,,全球原油消費量也低于先前預(yù)期?;葑u預(yù)測今年全球石油需求將增長約80萬桶/日,,而此前的預(yù)期是超過100萬桶/日?!坝捎诠?yīng)增長加快,,2025年市場仍將保持供應(yīng)過剩狀態(tài)?!?/p>
略顯巧合的是,,惠譽報告發(fā)布當天,由于美國與伊朗軍事緊張局勢升級,、更為樂觀的經(jīng)濟通脹數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布以及中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)再次達成臨時休戰(zhàn),,油價攀升至4月初以來的最高水平。6月11日,,美國基準油價躍升至每桶68美元,,高于5月初的近期低點58美元。
同樣利好油價的還有新的預(yù)估,,即歐佩克實際石油產(chǎn)量的增幅可能低于其紙面聲明的水平,。畢竟沙特推動增產(chǎn)的部分目的,是讓伊拉克和哈薩克斯坦等經(jīng)常超產(chǎn)的國家更好地遵守產(chǎn)量配額,。
分析公司睿咨得能源(Rystad Energy)石油商品市場副總裁普里婭·瓦利亞表示:“總體而言,,我們的估算表明,,實際流入市場的石油桶數(shù)可能低于宣布的增產(chǎn)量,這將對市場產(chǎn)生實質(zhì)性影響,?!?
至于其他主要評級機構(gòu),標普全球評級(S&P Global Ratings)在5月下旬表示,,預(yù)計在“全球經(jīng)濟不確定性和油價波動加劇,、資本紀律約束以及效率持續(xù)提升”的背景下,美國油氣生產(chǎn)商2025年將減少5%至10%的資本支出總額,。
當然,,第三大信用評級機構(gòu)穆迪(Moody's)也在5月與標普和惠譽步調(diào)一致,逾百年來首次將美國主權(quán)信用評級從最高的“Aaa”級下調(diào),,而關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)成為了壓垮駱駝的最后一根稻草,。
聯(lián)邦預(yù)測
這些評級機構(gòu)的預(yù)測與美國能源部自身更新的油氣預(yù)測相吻合。
美國能源部6月10日發(fā)布的短期能源展望稱,,美國原油產(chǎn)量在2025年第二季度創(chuàng)下全球領(lǐng)先的歷史高點1,350萬桶/日之后,,將自新冠疫情以來首次進入下降期。
該展望預(yù)測,,到2026年底,,美國石油日產(chǎn)量將降至1,330萬桶。雖然降幅相對較小,,但卻是該行業(yè)的一個重要里程碑,,預(yù)計其產(chǎn)量不僅將趨于穩(wěn)定,還將開始萎縮,。
歐佩克及其關(guān)鍵盟友(即OPEC+聯(lián)盟)已在4月承諾,,到2025年底將日產(chǎn)量提高逾200萬桶,引發(fā)了石油市場震蕩,,當時恰逢特朗普宣布其新關(guān)稅政策之時,。同樣,在5月底,,OPEC+同意在7月實施第三個月的增產(chǎn),。
美國能源部的報告補充道:“受全球石油庫存增加影響,5月原油價格連續(xù)第四個月下跌,,庫存上升源于全球石油需求增長放緩和OPEC+自4月開始加速解除自愿減產(chǎn),。”
自2022年直至今年,,OPEC+一直按586萬桶/日的幅度削減石油產(chǎn)量,,超過全球需求的5%,以助力提振石油市場,部分原因是為了應(yīng)對美國產(chǎn)量的增長和全球需求增長放緩,。
與此同時,,美國的石油日產(chǎn)量從2017年初的880萬桶增長到2025年的1,350萬桶,創(chuàng)歷史新高,,增幅達到驚人的超過50%,。
美國能源部和信用評級機構(gòu)的這些報告,都發(fā)布在油氣行業(yè)第一季度財報季之后,。在財報季中,,油氣公司的首席執(zhí)行官們紛紛抱怨經(jīng)濟動蕩和疲弱的油價環(huán)境,但宣布的預(yù)算削減幅度相對有限,。
作為專注于二疊紀盆地的頂級生產(chǎn)商,,行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊戴蒙德巴克能源公司(Diamondback Energy)董事長特拉維斯·斯泰斯表示,美國油氣行業(yè)已處于下滑狀態(tài),。
斯泰斯在5月份的一封致股東信引發(fā)市場波動,。他在信中表示:“我們認為,,以當前大宗商品價格水平,,美國石油產(chǎn)量正處于一個臨界點。由于鉆探活動減少,,美國陸上石油產(chǎn)量很可能已經(jīng)見頂,,并將于本季度開始回落?!?(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
惠譽評級(Fitch Ratings)于6月11日發(fā)布的報告稱,,受關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)、石油需求增長放緩以及歐佩克(OPEC)和其他國家增產(chǎn)的影響,,全球經(jīng)濟面臨不確定性,,石油和天然氣行業(yè)已進入新的惡化狀態(tài)。
惠譽決定將化石燃料行業(yè)2025年的前景展望從“中性”下調(diào)為“惡化”,,這是基于全球宏觀經(jīng)濟狀況,,特別是四月初遭遇的雙重打擊:特朗普總統(tǒng)宣布加征關(guān)稅,以及歐佩克及其關(guān)鍵盟友在多年自我限產(chǎn)之后決定增產(chǎn)原油,。
然而,,惠譽強調(diào),只要此次行業(yè)評級下調(diào)持續(xù)時間較短,,大多數(shù)美國油氣公司受到的影響有限,,因為它們進入此輪波動期時,平均資產(chǎn)負債表更為健康,,債務(wù)水平較低,。
惠譽在報告中指出:“關(guān)稅緊張局勢已有所緩和,然而,關(guān)稅稅率最終將穩(wěn)定在何種水平,,以及已實施關(guān)稅所產(chǎn)生的影響,,仍將是我們宏觀經(jīng)濟預(yù)測的關(guān)鍵因素,這會導(dǎo)致石油消費增幅低于此前的預(yù)期,?!?/p>
在沙特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的歐佩克以及其他國家(包括哈薩克斯坦、巴西和圭亞那)提高石油產(chǎn)量的同時,,全球原油消費量也低于先前預(yù)期,。惠譽預(yù)測今年全球石油需求將增長約80萬桶/日,,而此前的預(yù)期是超過100萬桶/日,。“由于供應(yīng)增長加快,,2025年市場仍將保持供應(yīng)過剩狀態(tài),。”
略顯巧合的是,,惠譽報告發(fā)布當天,,由于美國與伊朗軍事緊張局勢升級、更為樂觀的經(jīng)濟通脹數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布以及中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)再次達成臨時休戰(zhàn),,油價攀升至4月初以來的最高水平,。6月11日,美國基準油價躍升至每桶68美元,,高于5月初的近期低點58美元,。
同樣利好油價的還有新的預(yù)估,即歐佩克實際石油產(chǎn)量的增幅可能低于其紙面聲明的水平,。畢竟沙特推動增產(chǎn)的部分目的,,是讓伊拉克和哈薩克斯坦等經(jīng)常超產(chǎn)的國家更好地遵守產(chǎn)量配額。
分析公司睿咨得能源(Rystad Energy)石油商品市場副總裁普里婭·瓦利亞表示:“總體而言,,我們的估算表明,,實際流入市場的石油桶數(shù)可能低于宣布的增產(chǎn)量,這將對市場產(chǎn)生實質(zhì)性影響,?!?
至于其他主要評級機構(gòu),標普全球評級(S&P Global Ratings)在5月下旬表示,,預(yù)計在“全球經(jīng)濟不確定性和油價波動加劇,、資本紀律約束以及效率持續(xù)提升”的背景下,美國油氣生產(chǎn)商2025年將減少5%至10%的資本支出總額,。
當然,,第三大信用評級機構(gòu)穆迪(Moody's)也在5月與標普和惠譽步調(diào)一致,,逾百年來首次將美國主權(quán)信用評級從最高的“Aaa”級下調(diào),而關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)成為了壓垮駱駝的最后一根稻草,。
聯(lián)邦預(yù)測
這些評級機構(gòu)的預(yù)測與美國能源部自身更新的油氣預(yù)測相吻合,。
美國能源部6月10日發(fā)布的短期能源展望稱,美國原油產(chǎn)量在2025年第二季度創(chuàng)下全球領(lǐng)先的歷史高點1,350萬桶/日之后,,將自新冠疫情以來首次進入下降期,。
該展望預(yù)測,到2026年底,,美國石油日產(chǎn)量將降至1,330萬桶,。雖然降幅相對較小,但卻是該行業(yè)的一個重要里程碑,,預(yù)計其產(chǎn)量不僅將趨于穩(wěn)定,,還將開始萎縮。
歐佩克及其關(guān)鍵盟友(即OPEC+聯(lián)盟)已在4月承諾,,到2025年底將日產(chǎn)量提高逾200萬桶,,引發(fā)了石油市場震蕩,當時恰逢特朗普宣布其新關(guān)稅政策之時,。同樣,,在5月底,OPEC+同意在7月實施第三個月的增產(chǎn),。
美國能源部的報告補充道:“受全球石油庫存增加影響,,5月原油價格連續(xù)第四個月下跌,,庫存上升源于全球石油需求增長放緩和OPEC+自4月開始加速解除自愿減產(chǎn),。”
自2022年直至今年,,OPEC+一直按586萬桶/日的幅度削減石油產(chǎn)量,,超過全球需求的5%,以助力提振石油市場,,部分原因是為了應(yīng)對美國產(chǎn)量的增長和全球需求增長放緩,。
與此同時,美國的石油日產(chǎn)量從2017年初的880萬桶增長到2025年的1,350萬桶,,創(chuàng)歷史新高,,增幅達到驚人的超過50%。
美國能源部和信用評級機構(gòu)的這些報告,,都發(fā)布在油氣行業(yè)第一季度財報季之后,。在財報季中,油氣公司的首席執(zhí)行官們紛紛抱怨經(jīng)濟動蕩和疲弱的油價環(huán)境,,但宣布的預(yù)算削減幅度相對有限,。
作為專注于二疊紀盆地的頂級生產(chǎn)商,,行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊戴蒙德巴克能源公司(Diamondback Energy)董事長特拉維斯·斯泰斯表示,美國油氣行業(yè)已處于下滑狀態(tài),。
斯泰斯在5月份的一封致股東信引發(fā)市場波動,。他在信中表示:“我們認為,以當前大宗商品價格水平,,美國石油產(chǎn)量正處于一個臨界點,。由于鉆探活動減少,美國陸上石油產(chǎn)量很可能已經(jīng)見頂,,并將于本季度開始回落,。” (財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
The global oil and gas sector is in a new state of deterioration amid worldwide economic uncertainty from tariff wars, slowing oil demand, and an escalation of production from OPEC and other nations, according to a June 11 report from Fitch Ratings.
Fitch’s decision to change the 2025 outlook for the fossil fuel industry from “neutral” to “deteriorating” is based on global macroeconomic conditions, especially the early April double whammy of President Trump’s tariffs announcement and the decision of OPEC and key allies to churn out more crude oil volumes after years of self-imposed curtailments.
However, Fitch did highlight that most U.S. oil and gas companies should face limited impacts from the sector downgrade—as long as it’s shorter in duration—because they entered this period of volatility with stronger balance sheets on average, including less debt.
“There has been some tariff de-escalation,” Fitch said in its report, “however, uncertainty over where tariff rates will settle and the impact of those tariffs already implemented will remain key factors in our macroeconomic forecasts, leading to lower-than-previously-expected oil consumption increases.”
As OPEC, led by Saudi Arabia, and other countries, including Kazakhstan, Brazil, and Guyana, ramp up oil production, the world is simultaneously consuming less crude oil than previously expected. Fitch projects global oil demand will grow by about 800,000 barrels per day (bpd) this year, compared with previous expectations of more than 1 million barrels daily. “The market will remain oversupplied in 2025 due to faster supply growth.”
In a bit of odd timing, the Fitch report came out the same day that oil prices rose to their highest levels since early April on news of heightened military tensions between the U.S. and Iran, more optimistic economic inflationary data, and the U.S. and China reaching another temporary truce in their trade war. The U.S. benchmark for oil jumped to as high as $68 per barrel on June 11, up from recent lows of $58 in early May.
Also bullish are new estimates that OPEC may not increase their actual oil volumes by as much as they’re stating on paper. Part of Saudi Arabia’s push, after all, is to bring some nation’s, such as Iraq and Kazakhstan, into better compliance with the production quotas they regularly exceed.
“Overall, our estimates indicate that the actual flow of expert barrels is likely to be lower than announced production increases, which would lead to real impacts on the market,” said Priya Walia, vice president of oil commodity markets for analysis firm Rystad Energy.
As for the other main ratings agencies, in late May, S&P Global Ratings said it expects U.S. oil and gas producers to reduce aggregate capital spending by 5% to 10% in 2025 “amid global economic uncertainty and heightened oil price volatility, capital discipline, and ongoing efficiency gains.”
Of course, the third major credit ratings agency, Moody’s, famously joined S&P and Fitch in May by lowering the United States’ sovereign credit rating from the top “Aaa” level for the first time in more than 100 years with the tariff wars representing the final straw.
Federal forecast
The ratings agencies’ projections mesh with the U.S. Department of Energy’s own updated oil and gas forecasts.
The DOE’s short-term energy outlook released June 10 said U.S. crude oil production will finally enter a period of decline for the first time since the pandemic from a world-leading, all-time high of 13.5 million barrels a day in the second quarter of 2025.
The outlook forecasts U.S. volumes will fall to 13.3 million barrels daily by the end of 2026. That’s a relatively small decrease, but it represents a major milestone for the industry that is projected to not only plateau, but also shrink.
OPEC and its key allies, a group called OPEC+, already shocked oil markets in April—the same time Trump announced his new tariff policy—with pledges to raise production volumes by more than 2 million barrels per day by late 2025. Likewise, at the end of May, OPEC+ agreed to a third month of volume hikes in July.
“Crude oil prices fell for the fourth consecutive month in May, driven by rising global oil inventories that have resulted from slowing global oil demand growth and the accelerated unwinding of OPEC+ voluntary production cuts, which began in April,” the DOE report added.
Collectively, OPEC+ has taken 5.86 million barrels of oil per day offline since 2022 until this year—more than 5% of global demand—to help strengthen oil markets, partly in response to rising U.S. production and because of slowing global demand growth.
Meanwhile, the U.S. was growing from producing 8.8 million barrels of oil a day at the beginning of 2017 to its new high of 13.5 million barrels daily in 2025, a whopping increase of more than 50%.
These DOE and credit rating reports all follow a first-quarter earnings season in which oil and gas CEOs bemoaned the economic turmoil and weak oil price environment, but only announced relatively limited budget reductions.
A bellwether for the industry as the top producer focused on the Permian Basin, Diamondback Energy chairman Travis Stice said the U.S. industry was already in a state of decline.
“We believe we are at a tipping point for U.S. oil production at current commodity prices,” Stice said in a needle-moving shareholder letter in May. “As a result of these activity cuts, it is likely that U.S. onshore oil production has peaked and will begin to decline this quarter.”