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美聯(lián)儲“按兵不動”可能再次招致特朗普不滿

JONNELLE MARTE
2025-06-17

美聯(lián)儲維持利率不變,多次招致特朗普的猛烈抨擊,。

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6月2日,美國華盛頓特區(qū),,杰羅姆·鮑威爾出席美聯(lián)儲成立75周年大會,。圖片來源:AL DRAGO—BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

隨著美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)官員釋放出維持利率不變的長期信號,投資者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家本周將密切關(guān)注美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾,,希望從他身上找到一些蛛絲馬跡,,判斷可能最終促使央行采取行動的因素以及行動時機(jī)。

美聯(lián)儲連續(xù)四次會議維持利率不變,,可能再次招致唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的猛烈抨擊,。但政策制定者們已明確表示:在采取行動之前,他們需要白宮解決關(guān)稅、移民和稅收等重大問題,。以色列對伊朗核設(shè)施的襲擊也給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了另一個不確定因素,。

與此同時,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)總體健康,,或許正在緩慢降溫,,幾乎沒有人預(yù)期近期會有利率變動。根據(jù)期貨合約定價,,投資者押注美聯(lián)儲最早也要到9月份才會下調(diào)借貸成本,。

信安資產(chǎn)管理公司(Principal Asset Management)首席全球策略師西瑪·沙阿表示:“在當(dāng)前沒有降息緊迫性的情況下,最穩(wěn)妥的做法就是按兵不動,?!?/p>

艱難抉擇

人們普遍預(yù)期,美國總統(tǒng)特朗普的關(guān)稅政策將推高物價并抑制增長,,美聯(lián)儲官員在上次會后聲明中指出了這些風(fēng)險,。這最終可能迫使美聯(lián)儲在經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢讓官員們左右為難之際做出艱難抉擇。

資本集團(tuán)(Capital Group)固定收益投資組合經(jīng)理大衛(wèi)·霍格表示:“我認(rèn)為目前還無需擔(dān)憂,。但這種不確定性持續(xù)得越久——無論是對消費(fèi)者,,還是對企業(yè)的規(guī)劃而言——我就越擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)基本面會惡化?!?/p>

然而,,迄今為止,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)并未發(fā)出會促使美聯(lián)儲出手干預(yù)的警示信號,。

盡管就業(yè)增長放緩,,失業(yè)率仍連續(xù)三個月保持穩(wěn)定,部分原因是移民人數(shù)銳減減少了勞動力供給,。失業(yè)率保持穩(wěn)定的時間越長,,美聯(lián)儲就能將利率維持在高位越久,以此作為應(yīng)對潛在通脹上升的手段,。

物價數(shù)據(jù)也并未出現(xiàn)令人擔(dān)憂的跡象,。5月份核心通脹連續(xù)第四個月漲幅低于預(yù)期。上周,,受此消息提振,,再加上市場押注今年將不止一次降息,美國國債上漲,。對美聯(lián)儲政策最敏感的兩年期國債收益率當(dāng)周下跌逾7個基點,,降至3.96%。

盡管如此,,美聯(lián)儲官員可能仍需等待未來數(shù)月的數(shù)據(jù),以了解有多少關(guān)稅成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給了消費(fèi)者。以色列對伊朗的空襲將帶來更多疑問,。美聯(lián)儲官員通常會忽略能源價格的波動,,但油價飆升可能會影響通脹預(yù)期。

最新預(yù)測

本周出爐的最新經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測和利率預(yù)測有望為了解官員們的想法提供有效指引,。這將是自特朗普于4月2日“解放日”宣布全面加征關(guān)稅以來的首次預(yù)測更新,。

分析師們思考預(yù)測結(jié)果時發(fā)現(xiàn),可能性范圍異常之大,。

沙阿表示,,如果美聯(lián)儲官員們預(yù)測今年失業(yè)率將顯著高于3月份預(yù)測的4.4%,則表明政策制定者可能在第四季度之前降息,。

包括理事克里斯托弗·沃勒在內(nèi)的一些美聯(lián)儲官員已經(jīng)表示對降息持開放態(tài)度,,因為他們認(rèn)為只要通脹預(yù)期保持穩(wěn)定,政策制定者可以將關(guān)稅對消費(fèi)者價格的預(yù)期影響視為暫時影響,。這與基于市場的指標(biāo)一致,。市場指標(biāo)表明交易員也認(rèn)為關(guān)稅引發(fā)的價格上漲將是短暫的。

但德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank)美國首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬修·盧澤蒂表示,,如果美聯(lián)儲官員上調(diào)通脹預(yù)期,,可能將他們預(yù)測的今年降息次數(shù)從3月份預(yù)測的兩次減少到一次。巴克萊(Barclays)的策略師在給客戶的一份報告中警告稱,,美聯(lián)儲可能會出現(xiàn)這種“鷹派”的意外舉動,。

美聯(lián)儲官員們也可能會考慮到特朗普政策最終形態(tài)的巨大不確定性,從而干脆維持其預(yù)測不變,。

CreditSights投資級和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)策略主管扎卡里·格里菲斯表示:“如果點陣圖變動很大,,我會感到驚訝?!弊悦缆?lián)儲3月份發(fā)布上次預(yù)測以來,,“形勢如同過山車一樣”。他表示:“總的來說,,我認(rèn)為我們可能正處于一種大致相似的局面,。”

遲來的支持

一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示,,美聯(lián)儲下一步行動的時機(jī)最終將取決于特朗普的政策需要多長時間才會體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中,,以及這些數(shù)據(jù)引發(fā)的對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂有多強(qiáng)烈。

在彭博社6月6日至11日進(jìn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家調(diào)查中,,42%的受訪者預(yù)測美聯(lián)儲將維持利率不變,,直到經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)更具體的疲軟跡象。

研究機(jī)構(gòu)MacroPolicy Perspectives的創(chuàng)始人,、前美聯(lián)儲經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家朱莉婭·科羅納多表示,,她預(yù)計降息將在10月或12月開始,以應(yīng)對她估計屆時將出現(xiàn)的更為顯著的勞動力市場放緩。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

隨著美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)官員釋放出維持利率不變的長期信號,,投資者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家本周將密切關(guān)注美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾,,希望從他身上找到一些蛛絲馬跡,判斷可能最終促使央行采取行動的因素以及行動時機(jī),。

美聯(lián)儲連續(xù)四次會議維持利率不變,,可能再次招致唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)的猛烈抨擊。但政策制定者們已明確表示:在采取行動之前,,他們需要白宮解決關(guān)稅,、移民和稅收等重大問題。以色列對伊朗核設(shè)施的襲擊也給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了另一個不確定因素,。

與此同時,,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)總體健康,或許正在緩慢降溫,,幾乎沒有人預(yù)期近期會有利率變動,。根據(jù)期貨合約定價,投資者押注美聯(lián)儲最早也要到9月份才會下調(diào)借貸成本,。

信安資產(chǎn)管理公司(Principal Asset Management)首席全球策略師西瑪·沙阿表示:“在當(dāng)前沒有降息緊迫性的情況下,,最穩(wěn)妥的做法就是按兵不動?!?/p>

艱難抉擇

人們普遍預(yù)期,,美國總統(tǒng)特朗普的關(guān)稅政策將推高物價并抑制增長,美聯(lián)儲官員在上次會后聲明中指出了這些風(fēng)險,。這最終可能迫使美聯(lián)儲在經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢讓官員們左右為難之際做出艱難抉擇,。

資本集團(tuán)(Capital Group)固定收益投資組合經(jīng)理大衛(wèi)·霍格表示:“我認(rèn)為目前還無需擔(dān)憂。但這種不確定性持續(xù)得越久——無論是對消費(fèi)者,,還是對企業(yè)的規(guī)劃而言——我就越擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)基本面會惡化,。”

然而,,迄今為止,,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)并未發(fā)出會促使美聯(lián)儲出手干預(yù)的警示信號。

盡管就業(yè)增長放緩,,失業(yè)率仍連續(xù)三個月保持穩(wěn)定,,部分原因是移民人數(shù)銳減減少了勞動力供給。失業(yè)率保持穩(wěn)定的時間越長,,美聯(lián)儲就能將利率維持在高位越久,,以此作為應(yīng)對潛在通脹上升的手段。

物價數(shù)據(jù)也并未出現(xiàn)令人擔(dān)憂的跡象,。5月份核心通脹連續(xù)第四個月漲幅低于預(yù)期,。上周,,受此消息提振,再加上市場押注今年將不止一次降息,,美國國債上漲,。對美聯(lián)儲政策最敏感的兩年期國債收益率當(dāng)周下跌逾7個基點,,降至3.96%,。

盡管如此,美聯(lián)儲官員可能仍需等待未來數(shù)月的數(shù)據(jù),,以了解有多少關(guān)稅成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給了消費(fèi)者,。以色列對伊朗的空襲將帶來更多疑問。美聯(lián)儲官員通常會忽略能源價格的波動,,但油價飆升可能會影響通脹預(yù)期,。

最新預(yù)測

本周出爐的最新經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測和利率預(yù)測有望為了解官員們的想法提供有效指引。這將是自特朗普于4月2日“解放日”宣布全面加征關(guān)稅以來的首次預(yù)測更新,。

分析師們思考預(yù)測結(jié)果時發(fā)現(xiàn),,可能性范圍異常之大。

沙阿表示,,如果美聯(lián)儲官員們預(yù)測今年失業(yè)率將顯著高于3月份預(yù)測的4.4%,,則表明政策制定者可能在第四季度之前降息。

包括理事克里斯托弗·沃勒在內(nèi)的一些美聯(lián)儲官員已經(jīng)表示對降息持開放態(tài)度,,因為他們認(rèn)為只要通脹預(yù)期保持穩(wěn)定,,政策制定者可以將關(guān)稅對消費(fèi)者價格的預(yù)期影響視為暫時影響。這與基于市場的指標(biāo)一致,。市場指標(biāo)表明交易員也認(rèn)為關(guān)稅引發(fā)的價格上漲將是短暫的,。

但德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank)美國首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬修·盧澤蒂表示,如果美聯(lián)儲官員上調(diào)通脹預(yù)期,,可能將他們預(yù)測的今年降息次數(shù)從3月份預(yù)測的兩次減少到一次,。巴克萊(Barclays)的策略師在給客戶的一份報告中警告稱,美聯(lián)儲可能會出現(xiàn)這種“鷹派”的意外舉動,。

美聯(lián)儲官員們也可能會考慮到特朗普政策最終形態(tài)的巨大不確定性,,從而干脆維持其預(yù)測不變。

CreditSights投資級和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)策略主管扎卡里·格里菲斯表示:“如果點陣圖變動很大,,我會感到驚訝,。”自美聯(lián)儲3月份發(fā)布上次預(yù)測以來,,“形勢如同過山車一樣”,。他表示:“總的來說,我認(rèn)為我們可能正處于一種大致相似的局面,?!?

遲來的支持

一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示,,美聯(lián)儲下一步行動的時機(jī)最終將取決于特朗普的政策需要多長時間才會體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中,以及這些數(shù)據(jù)引發(fā)的對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂有多強(qiáng)烈,。

在彭博社6月6日至11日進(jìn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家調(diào)查中,,42%的受訪者預(yù)測美聯(lián)儲將維持利率不變,直到經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)更具體的疲軟跡象,。

研究機(jī)構(gòu)MacroPolicy Perspectives的創(chuàng)始人,、前美聯(lián)儲經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家朱莉婭·科羅納多表示,她預(yù)計降息將在10月或12月開始,,以應(yīng)對她估計屆時將出現(xiàn)的更為顯著的勞動力市場放緩,。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

With Federal Reserve officials signaling an extended hold on interest rates, investors and economists will look to Chair Jerome Powell this week for clues on what might eventually prompt the central bank to make a move, and when.

A fourth straight meeting without a cut could provoke another tirade from President Donald Trump. But policymakers have been clear: Before they can make a move they need the White House to resolve the big question marks around tariffs, immigration and taxes. Israel’s attacks on Iranian nuclear sites have also introduced another element of uncertainty for the global economy.

At the same time, the generally healthy, if slowly cooling, US economy has few expecting a rate move any time soon. Investors are betting the central bank won’t lower borrowing costs until September at the earliest, according to pricing in futures contracts.

“The safest path to take in that situation, when there is no urgency to cut rates right now, is to just sit on your hands,” said Seema Shah, chief global strategist at Principal Asset Management.

Difficult Choices

The president’s tariffs are widely expected to raise prices and slow growth, risks that officials flagged in their last post-meeting statement. That could eventually force the Fed to make a difficult choice as the economy pulls them in opposite directions.

“I don’t think at this point there’s anything to be alarmed about,” said David Hoag, fixed income portfolio manager at Capital Group. “But the longer we have uncertainty — for the consumer, for companies in terms of planning — the more concerned I’ll get about the fundamentals of the economy deteriorating.”

So far, however, the economy isn’t flashing warning signs that would prompt the Fed to intervene.

The unemployment rate has held steady for three months even as job growth has slowed, in part because a sharp decline in immigration is also lowering the supply of workers. The longer the jobless rate remains stable, the longer the Fed can hold rates as a defense against potentially higher inflation.

Yet price data has also provided little to worry about. Underlying inflation rose by less than expected in May for the fourth straight month. Treasuries rose last week on the news, bolstered by wagers on more than one rate cut this year. The yield on two-year notes, most sensitive to the Fed’s policy, declined by more than seven basis points on the week to 3.96%.

Still, officials are likely to wait for additional months of data to understand how much of the tariffs are being passed on to consumers. Israel’s airstrikes on Iran will raise additional questions. Fed officials traditionally look through energy price moves, but an oil price shock could affect inflation expectations.

Fresh Projections

Fresh economic forecasts and rate projections this week could provide helpful guidance to how officials are thinking. They’ll be the first since Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcement of sweeping tariffs on April 2.

As analysts ponder the results, the range of possibilities is unusually large.

If officials predict that unemployment will rise this year meaningfully above the 4.4% they forecast in March, that would suggest policymakers may cut rates before the fourth quarter, said Shah.

Some Fed officials, including Governor Christopher Waller, have already signaled an openness to cutting because they believe policymakers can view the expected impact of tariffs on consumer prices as temporary — as long as inflation expectations remain anchored. That aligns with market-based measures suggesting traders also believe the tariff price bump will be short-lived.

But should officials raise their expectations for inflation, that could reduce the number of cuts they project this year to one, from the two seen in March, said Matthew Luzzetti, chief US economist for Deutsche Bank. Strategists at Barclays warned of just such a “hawkish” surprise in a note to clients.

Officials might also consider the substantial uncertainty over the final state of Trump’s policies and simply leave their projections unchanged.

“I’d be surprised if the dots move much,” said Zachary Griffiths head of investment-grade and macroeconomic strategy at CreditSights. “It’s been a roller-coaster ride” since the Fed last released projections in March. “On net, I think we’re probably in a somewhat similar situation,” he said.

Late Support

Some economists say the timing of the Fed’s next moves will eventually come down to how long it takes for Trump’s policies to show up in the economic data — and how strongly that raises concerns about a downturn.

In a Bloomberg survey of economists conducted June 6-11, 42% of respondents predicted the Fed will hold rates steady until there’s more concrete weakness in the economy.

Julia Coronado, founder of the research firm MacroPolicy Perspectives and a former Fed economist, said she expects rate cuts beginning in October or December in response to the more notable labor-market slowdown she estimates will materialize by then.

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