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????由美國(guó)前勞工部長(zhǎng)羅伯特?里奇等人創(chuàng)建的開(kāi)明智庫(kù)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究所（Economic Policy Institute）本周三在自己的網(wǎng)站上刊登了一篇評(píng)論,，開(kāi)篇第一段就扼要地論述了這樣做的目的所在：

????“一年多來(lái)，圍繞蘋(píng)果（Apple）應(yīng)該如何處置其龐大的現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備（如今已高達(dá)1,370億美元）展開(kāi)的熱烈討論引人矚目,。奇怪的是,，種種提議幾乎都是一邊倒地探討如何用這些現(xiàn)金回饋股東。討論幾乎從未涉及這些現(xiàn)金是否也應(yīng)該用于為海外制造蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)品的工人和在美國(guó)銷(xiāo)售蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)品的員工提供更加公平合理的薪酬,。它只是大范圍失衡趨勢(shì)的一個(gè)縮影：給予員工的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)比例正在下降,?！?/p>

????這個(gè)提議可不是很多蘋(píng)果投資者希望聽(tīng)到的，特別是眼下,，蘋(píng)果股價(jià)已經(jīng)從去年9月的高點(diǎn)下跌超過(guò)了36%,。但正如作者伊薩克?夏皮羅所指出的一樣，長(zhǎng)期股東沒(méi)有什么好抱怨的,。如果過(guò)去5年一直持有這只股票,，它的投資市值已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)了3倍。

????沒(méi)有獲得充分回報(bào)的是蘋(píng)果零售店的3萬(wàn)名雇員,，他們的薪水低到只有25,000美元/年,。而且，約100萬(wàn)名亞洲合同工每個(gè)月如果不算加班收入,，工資僅225-288美元,。

????夏皮羅沒(méi)有抹殺蘋(píng)果為提高亞洲供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)員工的薪酬水平和工作環(huán)境所做出的努力，也沒(méi)有說(shuō)蘋(píng)果的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手做得更好,。

????但他指出,，蘋(píng)果承諾過(guò)的一些事情并沒(méi)有兌現(xiàn)。

????例如,，2012年3月,，蘋(píng)果曾經(jīng)承諾，在富士康工廠組裝蘋(píng)果設(shè)備的工人過(guò)去未獲得報(bào)酬的工作時(shí)間將獲得補(bǔ)償,，包括參加班前會(huì)和班后會(huì)的時(shí)間、用于參加強(qiáng)制性培訓(xùn)的時(shí)間,，和一天多達(dá)30分鐘的“臨時(shí)加班”時(shí)間,。

????據(jù)夏皮羅稱，這些補(bǔ)償都沒(méi)有發(fā)放,，而且,，近期似乎也不準(zhǔn)備發(fā)放。

????他平心靜氣地給出了更多的例子,，比如,，蘋(píng)果給股東發(fā)放了450億美元現(xiàn)金，同樣沒(méi)有蘋(píng)果工人的份兒,。

????正如我所說(shuō)的,，在蘋(píng)果股票繼續(xù)下跌的過(guò)程中，這種聲音可能是蘋(píng)果投資者最不愿聽(tīng)到的,，但它會(huì)在某種程度上抑制增加派息和進(jìn)行數(shù)十億美元股票回購(gòu)的要求,。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????The first paragraph of the commentaryposted Wednesday on the website of the Economic Policy Institute, a liberal think tank founded by, among others, Clinton-era labor secretary Robert Reich, lays out the thrust of the argument pretty succinctly:

????"For more than a year, there has been a high-profile debate over what Apple should do with its enormous cash reserve, now amounting to $137 billion. The proposals have been curiously one-dimensional, with a nearly exclusive focus on how the reserves should be used to reward its shareholders. Almost entirely absent from the discussion has been whether those reserves should also be used to provide fairer compensation to the workers making its products abroad or selling its products here. This imbalance is part and parcel of a larger trend: the share of economic rewards going to workers is diminishing."

????It's not an idea many Apple (AAPL) investors are going to want to hear, especially with the stock down more than 36% from last September's highs. But as author Isaac Shapiro points out, long-term shareholders have nothing to complain about. Those who stuck with the company over the past five years have seen the value of their investments grow more than three-fold.

????Less amply rewarded are the 30,000 Apple Store employees who make as little as $25,000 a year. Or the roughly 1 million Asian contract workers who take home, before overtime, between $225 and $288 per month.

????Shapiro doesn't diminish the work Apple has done to raise pay scales and improve working conditions in its Asian supply chain. Nor does he suggest that Apple's competitors are doing better.

????But he does point out that some of the pledges Apple made have not been fulfilled.

????For example, in March 2012 Apple promised that workers assembling Apple's devices in Foxconn's factories would be compensated for hours they had worked in the past that had not been paid for, including pre- and post-shift meetings, time spent in mandatory trainings, and as many as 30 minutes of "unscheduled overtime" on any given day.

????According to Shapiro, none of that back pay was ever issued, and it appears that none is forthcoming.

????He's got more examples, laid out fairly dispassionately, in $45+ billion for Apple shareholders, nothing yet for Apple workers.

????As I say, it's probably the last thing Apple investors want to hear on yet another down day for the stock, but it does put those demands for bigger dividends and multibillion dollar stock buybacks in some perspective.