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天然氣行業(yè)

????與世界上很多商品不同的是,，天然氣的價(jià)格在過(guò)去一年里實(shí)際上下降了,，要知道，在去年價(jià)格下降的商品屈指可數(shù),。

????但是,，這種情況不會(huì)持續(xù)太久。核能發(fā)電約占日本電力系統(tǒng)總發(fā)電量的30%,。上周該國(guó)發(fā)生大地震后，工人們?yōu)楸苊獬霈F(xiàn)核災(zāi)難,，已經(jīng)停止了核能發(fā)電,。

????現(xiàn)在由于日本核能生產(chǎn)中斷，人們認(rèn)為大量液化天然氣必然會(huì)被運(yùn)往該國(guó),，從而導(dǎo)致天然氣期貨交易市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)反彈,。

????上周二，在紐約商品交易所（New York Mercantile Exchange）,，天然氣期貨價(jià)格連續(xù)第三天反彈,，上漲了1.2%，達(dá)到3.959美元/百萬(wàn)英熱單位,。不過(guò),，盡管天然氣價(jià)格近日上漲，但與去年相比仍然下降了11%,。

汽車(chē)行業(yè)

????日本是世界第三大汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)國(guó),，然而由于自然災(zāi)害，導(dǎo)致銷(xiāo)往世界各地的車(chē)輛生產(chǎn)中斷,。日本的汽車(chē)業(yè)將舉步維艱,。

????《財(cái)富》（Fortune）的阿萊克斯?泰勒表示，預(yù)計(jì)日本幾家最大的汽車(chē)廠商將繼續(xù)停產(chǎn),。有些分析師還預(yù)測(cè)說(shuō),，停產(chǎn)將會(huì)延續(xù)數(shù)月。泰勒還指出,，未來(lái)幾周,，美國(guó)的汽車(chē)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者會(huì)對(duì)這場(chǎng)大災(zāi)難的影響有切身感受：德意志銀行（Deutsche Bank）估計(jì)，北美銷(xiāo)售的所有車(chē)輛中,，有12%產(chǎn)自日本,；而且,，日本汽車(chē)廠商在北美生產(chǎn)的車(chē)輛中，至少也都有些配件產(chǎn)自日本,。

????而未來(lái)5個(gè)月恰是一年中美國(guó)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售的旺季,，因此生產(chǎn)的持續(xù)中斷，有可能導(dǎo)致某些產(chǎn)品缺貨,。

半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)

????日本是為數(shù)不多的技術(shù)先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一,，在全球半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)擁有舉足輕重的地位。正是那些小小的芯片驅(qū)動(dòng)著手機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)等各種電子產(chǎn)品正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),。

????但是,，兩家主要制造廠暫停運(yùn)營(yíng)，會(huì)在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月給整個(gè)半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)造成巨大壓力,，無(wú)形中會(huì)推動(dòng)全球電子產(chǎn)品價(jià)格上漲,。信越化學(xué)工業(yè)株式會(huì)社（Shin-Etsu Chemical）生產(chǎn)用于半導(dǎo)體中的硅晶圓。該公司宣布,，旗下白川工廠已停止運(yùn)營(yíng),。該工廠在日本電子晶圓生產(chǎn)中占據(jù)的份額已經(jīng)過(guò)半。截至上周二下午,，該公司網(wǎng)站表示,，由于需要繼續(xù)接受檢測(cè)，白川工廠仍將暫停運(yùn)營(yíng),。

????“繼續(xù)停產(chǎn)可能對(duì)半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響,。” 野村國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)研究部（Nomura Global Economics）表示,。該預(yù)測(cè)公司同時(shí)還介紹說(shuō),，晶圓廠商恢復(fù)運(yùn)營(yíng)還需要些時(shí)日；而且,，另外一家重要晶圓廠商Sumco公司設(shè)在九州的伊萬(wàn)里（Imari）工廠的停產(chǎn),，也會(huì)對(duì)半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響。

石油行業(yè)

????日本東京一家加油站前豎著一塊牌子,，上面寫(xiě)著汽油已售罄,。

????像這回接連襲擊日本的大地震和海嘯等自然災(zāi)害，往往導(dǎo)致煉油廠停產(chǎn),，結(jié)果必然是燃料價(jià)格上漲,。事實(shí)上，盡管日本的幾家煉油廠確實(shí)已經(jīng)停止運(yùn)營(yíng),，但是,，一周多以來(lái)，原油價(jià)格卻首次跌至100美元/桶以下,。

????在上周二的電子交易中,，4月交貨的美國(guó)原油價(jià)格下滑了3.77美元,，跌至97.42美元/桶。日本發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害轉(zhuǎn)移了人們對(duì)于中東動(dòng)蕩局勢(shì)的注意力,，而后者此前導(dǎo)致石油價(jià)格飛漲,。

????但是，由于日本是世界第三大石油進(jìn)口國(guó),，而人們預(yù)計(jì)該國(guó)對(duì)于石油的需求將減少,，這給石油價(jià)格帶來(lái)了下行壓力。盡管如此,，這仍不過(guò)是投機(jī)者的猜測(cè)而已,，實(shí)際價(jià)格走向可能有所不同。但是,，迄今為止,，石油價(jià)格在下跌。

旅游行業(yè)

????長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),，日本一直吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的旅游者,。但是，野村國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)研究部介紹說(shuō),，盡管大地震和海嘯對(duì)主題公園和酒店造成的損失微乎其微，但仍然導(dǎo)致這些場(chǎng)所臨時(shí)關(guān)閉,，而此舉至少會(huì)對(duì)其收入產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,。

????東方樂(lè)園株式會(huì)社（Oriental Land Co）負(fù)責(zé)管理東京迪士尼度假村（Tokyo Disney Resort）。該公司已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了旗下的公園和酒店,，以對(duì)損失進(jìn)行評(píng)估,。不過(guò)，它計(jì)劃本月晚些時(shí)候重新開(kāi)放這些公園和酒店,。野村國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)研究部還介紹說(shuō),，由于越來(lái)越多的日本人愿意待在家里，因此,，卡拉OK,、保齡球、游戲廳,、旅游等休閑娛樂(lè)業(yè)的其他領(lǐng)域也很可能受到波及,。

????譯者：大海

Natural gas industry

????Unlike many of the world's commodities, the price of natural gas has been one of the few that has actually declined this past year.

????But perhaps not for long. The production of nuclear power, which accounts for about 30% of Japan's electricity, has stalled as workers try to avert a nuclear disaster following last week's earthquake.

????The power disruptions have helped send natural gas futures rallying on speculation that liquefied natural gas cargoes would be diverted to Japan.

????On Tuesday, natural gas futures rallied for a third day, gaining 1.2% in the New York Mercantile Exchange to $3.959 a million British thermal units. Despite the recent rise, gas is still down 11% this year.

Auto industry

????As the world's third-largest producer of automobiles, Japan could expect major headwinds as the natural disasters disrupt production of vehicles sold across the world.

????As Fortune's Alex Taylor notes, Japan's largest auto producers are now expected to remain shut down through Wednesday, and some analysts foresee further disruptions lasting months. He also points out that U.S. car buyers will be feeling the effects of the disaster in coming weeks -- Deutsche Bank estimates that about 12% of all vehicles sold in North America come from Japan and that vehicles produced in the region by Japanese automakers contain at least some Japanese-made component.

????The next five months are the seasonally strongest of the year for U.S. sales, so extended disruptions could cause shortages of some products.

Semiconductor industry

????Japan is one of a few technologically sophisticated economies to dominate the global semiconductor industry -- those tiny chips that power a myriad of electronics from cell phones to computers.

????But suspension of operations at two major manufacturing plants could present headwinds for the industry in the coming months, potentially pushing prices higher for electronic products globally. Shin-Etsu Chemical, which makes silicon wafers needed to produce semiconductors, announced it has halted operations of its Shirakawa plant, which alone accounts for more than half of Japan's production of electronic wafers. As of Tuesday afternoon, the company's website says the plant remains out of operations as inspections continue.

????"A protracted stoppage could have a substantial impact on the semiconductor industry," according to Nomura Global Economics, noting that it could be a while before operations resume. The forecasting firm also says that suspension at another key facility, Sumco's Imari plant in Kyushu, could impact the industry.

Oil industry

????Natural disasters, like the earthquake and tsunami that pummeled Japan, often force refineries to shut down, leading to higher fuel prices. And indeed, several refineries in Japan have stopped operations, but crude prices have tumbled below $100 a barrel for the first time in more than a week.

????On Tuesday, U.S. crude for April delivery slid $3.77 to $97.42 a barrel in electronic trading. To be sure, the natural disaster in Japan has diverted attention away from troubles in the Middle East, which had sent oil prices surging.

????But expectations of lower oil demand from Japan -- the world's third-largest importer of oil -- has helped put downward pressures on prices. It's still a speculator's guess over where prices could go from here, but for now, they're on the way down.

Tourism industry

????Japan has long drawn tourists from around the world. But while the quake and tsunami only modestly damaged theme parks and hotels, it has forced them to temporarily close, which will likely have at least a negative impact on earnings, according to Nomura Global Economics.

????Oriental Land Co., which runs the Tokyo Disney Resort, has closed its parks and hotels to assess damages, but it's planning to announce a reopening later this month. Nomura notes that there's a widening mood across Japan toward staying at home, so other areas of the leisure industry including karaoke, bowling, video arcades and travel will likely be impacted as well.