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????“蘋果（Apple）沒有跟蹤你的iPhone的位置,。蘋果過去沒有這樣做過,，未來也不會?！?/p>

????上周三,，兩名英國研究者發(fā)布了一款開源程序，通過該程序,，蘋果用戶能夠以彩色地圖的形式,，看見自己iPhone和3G iPad中存儲的位置數據，自那以來,，關于“追蹤門”的爭議越來越大,。為此蘋果在針對此事件的新聞稿中做出了以上回應。

????本周三,，蘋果發(fā)布了一份新聞稿,，煞費苦心地解釋蘋果具體在將哪些信息記錄和傳送回公司總部，而沒有記錄和傳送哪些信息,。

????新聞稿稱：“用戶之所以感到困惑,，一部分原因在于新技術的創(chuàng)造者（包括蘋果）沒有向他們提供足夠的與這些問題相關的培訓?！?/p>

????本著向用戶提供上述培訓的精神,，蘋果用了好幾種方式解釋稱，這些顯示iPhone位置信息的地圖其實顯示的并不是你的iPhone真正的位置信息。

????實際上,，iPhone會維護一個數據庫,，以記錄你附近的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔信息，它們有些可能離你的iPhone超過100英里,。這些數據會幫助iPhone在需要時快速而精確地得到你的iPhone的地理位置信息,。

????iPhone存儲了超過1年的地理信息數據，其原因被描述為“這是我們產品存在的缺陷,，我們計劃馬上修復該缺陷,。”此外,，即便你關閉了地理信息服務,，數據收集仍在進行，這是蘋果計劃馬上修復的另一個缺陷,。

????為了避免將來遇到更多爭議,，蘋果利用此次機會告訴客戶，它還在收集和共享以下幾種信息：

????? 道路交通信息,，為了幾年之后發(fā)布更好的交通服務,；

????? 崩潰記錄，向第三方開發(fā)者提供,，以幫助他們調試自己的應用程序,；

????? 如果你明確許可，蘋果將與iAd的客戶共享你當前的位置信息,，以幫助后者精準投放廣告,。

????以下是蘋果新聞稿的全文：

2011年4月27日

蘋果關于地理信息數據的問答

????蘋果很高興回答最近收到的關于我們的設備收集和使用地理位置信息的問題。

????1.為什么蘋果跟蹤我的iPhone的位置,？

????蘋果沒有跟蹤你的iPhone的位置,。蘋果過去沒有，未來也不會,。

????2. 那為什么大家都很關注此事,？

????為移動用戶提供快速而精確的位置信息，同時確保他們的安全和隱私,，相關技術非常復雜,，很難用一兩句話說清楚。用戶之所以感到困惑,，一部分原因在于新技術的創(chuàng)造者（包括蘋果）沒有向他們提供足夠的與這些問題相關的培訓,。

????3. 為什么iPhone會記錄我的位置？

????iPhone沒有記錄你的位置,。iPhone會維護一個數據庫,，以記錄你附近的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔信息，它們有些可能離你的iPhone超過100英里，這些數據會幫助iPhone在需要時快速而精確地得到你的iPhone的地理位置信息,。單獨使用GPS（全球定位系統(tǒng)）衛(wèi)星數據計算手機的位置要花費好幾分鐘,。而iPhone能利用Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據迅速發(fā)現GPS衛(wèi)星,，從而將定位時間縮短到幾十秒,。當GPS不可用時（例如在室內或地下室），iPhone甚至還能使用三角測量法,，僅僅依靠Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據計算出你的位置,。iPhone利用含有Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據的眾包數據庫（crowd-sourced database）進行實時計算，成千上萬的iPhone會將自己附近的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔信息打上地理標簽,，并以匿名和加密格式發(fā)送給蘋果,。

????4. 眾包數據庫儲存在iPhone上嗎？

????整個眾包數據庫太大,，不能存放在iPhone上,，所以我們在每部iPhone上下載了它的一個合適子集（即緩存）。這塊緩存是受保護的,，但沒有被加密,，當你用iTunes備份iPhone時，緩存也會備份,。備份是否加密取決于用戶iTunes的設置,。研究者在iPhone上發(fā)現的地理信息數據并不是iPhone之前或現在的位置信息，而是iPhone周圍的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據,，它們有些可能距離iPhone超過100英里,。我們計劃馬上發(fā)布軟件更新以停止緩存?zhèn)浞莨δ埽▍⒁娊酉聛淼能浖抡鹿?jié)）。

????5. 蘋果能從我的帶有地理標簽的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據中獲得我的位置信息嗎,？

????不能,。發(fā)送給蘋果的數據是匿名而且加密的。蘋果無法確定數據來源,。

????6. 人們發(fā)現iPhone存儲了時間長達1年的地理信息數據,。為什么iPhone需要如此多的數據以幫助定位我的當前位置？

????這些數據不是iPhone的地理信息數據——它們是基于眾包的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據庫的子集（即緩存）,，iPhone從蘋果下載了這些數據以幫助用戶快速而精確地定位,。iPhone存儲了如此多數據的原因在于我們的產品存在缺陷，我們計劃馬上修復該缺陷（參見接下來的軟件更新章節(jié)）,。我們認為iPhone存儲的數據不應該超過7天,。

????7. 為什么當我關閉了地理信息服務，iPhone有時仍從蘋果的眾包數據庫里更新Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據,。

????這種情況不應該出現,，這是產品缺陷，我們計劃馬上修正（參見接下來的軟件更新章節(jié)）。

????8. 除了基于眾包的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據,，蘋果還收集了哪些地理信息數據,？

????蘋果目前正在收集匿名交通數據，以建立基于眾包的交通數據庫,。在未來幾年,，蘋果將向iPhone用戶提供更好的交通服務。

????9. 蘋果目前向第三方提供了從iPhone收集的數據嗎,？

????我們會在獲得用戶允許的情況下,，向第三方開發(fā)者提供匿名的程序崩潰記錄，以幫助他們調試自己的應用程序,。我們的iAds廣告系統(tǒng)會利用地理信息作為投放廣告的一個依據,。地理信息不會與任何第三方或廣告分享，除非用戶明確同意將當前的地理信息提交給當前的廣告（例如用戶要求廣告定位離自己最近的目標商場）,。

????10. 蘋果是否認為個人信息的安全和隱私非常重要,？

????當然，這非常重要,。例如,，每一次應用程序想使用地理信息時，iPhone都會要求用戶同意,，iPhone是第一款這樣做的設備,。蘋果將繼續(xù)在鞏固個人信息安全和隱私方面充當領導者角色。

軟件更新

????接下來幾周內,，蘋果將為iOS軟件發(fā)布一個免費升級：

????? 減少iPhone上緩存的眾包的Wi-Fi熱點和小區(qū)發(fā)射塔數據的體積,；

????? 停止備份緩存；

????? 當地理信息服務被關閉時,，完全刪除緩存,。

????另外，在下一次iOS軟件的重大升級中,，iPhone上的緩存將被加密,。

????譯者：項航

????"Apple is not tracking the location of your iPhone. Apple has never done so and has no plans to ever do so."

????So begins Apple's (AAPL) response to the controversy that has been mounting since last Wednesday when two British researchers released an open source application that let Apple's customers see -- in the form of multicolor maps -- the location data stored on their iPhones and 3G iPads.

????In a press release issued Wednesday, the company took pains to explain exactly what data it is and isn't recording and transmitting back to headquarters.

????"Users are confused," it says, "partly because the creators of this new technology (including Apple) have not provided enough education about these issues to date."

????In the spirit of providing said education, Apple says in several different ways that the maps that show where your iPhone has been are not really maps of where your iPhone has been.

????Rather, [Apple is] maintaining a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers around your current location, some of which may be located more than one hundred miles away from your iPhone, to help your iPhone rapidly and accurately calculate its location when requested.

????The fact that this location was being saved for more than a year is described as "a bug we uncovered and plan to fix shortly." The fact that it is being collected even when your location services are turned off is another bug they plan to fix shortly.

????Meanwhile, to get ahead of possible future controversies, Apple used this opportunity to tell customers what other kinds of information it is collecting and sharing:

????? road traffic information, with an eye to releasing improved traffic services in a couple years

????? crash logs, which it provides to third-party developers to help them debug their apps

????? your current location, which it shares, if you explicitly approve it, with iAd customers to help them target their pitches

????Below: The full text of the press release.

April 27, 2011

Apple Q&A on Location Data

????Apple would like to respond to the questions we have recently received about the gathering and use of location information by our devices.

????1. Why is Apple tracking the location of my iPhone?

????Apple is not tracking the location of your iPhone. Apple has never done so and has no plans to ever do so.

????2. Then why is everyone so concerned about this?

????Providing mobile users with fast and accurate location information while preserving their security and privacy has raised some very complex technical issues which are hard to communicate in a soundbite. Users are confused, partly because the creators of this new technology (including Apple) have not provided enough education about these issues to date.

????3. Why is my iPhone logging my location?

????The iPhone is not logging your location. Rather, it's maintaining a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers around your current location, some of which may be located more than one hundred miles away from your iPhone, to help your iPhone rapidly and accurately calculate its location when requested. Calculating a phone's location using just GPS satellite data can take up to several minutes. iPhone can reduce this time to just a few seconds by using Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data to quickly find GPS satellites, and even triangulate its location using just Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data when GPS is not available (such as indoors or in basements). These calculations are performed live on the iPhone using a crowd-sourced database of Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data that is generated by tens of millions of iPhones sending the geo-tagged locations of nearby Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers in an anonymous and encrypted form to Apple.

????4. Is this crowd-sourced database stored on the iPhone?

????The entire crowd-sourced database is too big to store on an iPhone, so we download an appropriate subset (cache) onto each iPhone. This cache is protected but not encrypted, and is backed up in iTunes whenever you back up your iPhone. The backup is encrypted or not, depending on the user settings in iTunes. The location data that researchers are seeing on the iPhone is not the past or present location of the iPhone, but rather the locations of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers surrounding the iPhone's location, which can be more than one hundred miles away from the iPhone. We plan to cease backing up this cache in a software update coming soon (see Software Update section below).

????5. Can Apple locate me based on my geo-tagged Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data?

????No. This data is sent to Apple in an anonymous and encrypted form. Apple cannot identify the source of this data.

????6. People have identified up to a year's worth of location data being stored on the iPhone. Why does my iPhone need so much data in order to assist it in finding my location today?

????This data is not the iPhone's location data—it is a subset (cache) of the crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower database which is downloaded from Apple into the iPhone to assist the iPhone in rapidly and accurately calculating location. The reason the iPhone stores so much data is a bug we uncovered and plan to fix shortly (see Software Update section below). We don't think the iPhone needs to store more than seven days of this data.

????7. When I turn off Location Services, why does my iPhone sometimes continue updating its Wi-Fi and cell tower data from Apple's crowd-sourced database?

????It shouldn't. This is a bug, which we plan to fix shortly (see Software Update section below).

????8. What other location data is Apple collecting from the iPhone besides crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data?

????Apple is now collecting anonymous traffic data to build a crowd-sourced traffic database with the goal of providing iPhone users an improved traffic service in the next couple of years.

????9. Does Apple currently provide any data collected from iPhones to third parties?

????We provide anonymous crash logs from users that have opted in to third-party developers to help them debug their apps. Our iAds advertising system can use location as a factor in targeting ads. Location is not shared with any third party or ad unless the user explicitly approves giving the current location to the current ad (for example, to request the ad locate the Target store nearest them).

????10. Does Apple believe that personal information security and privacy are important?

????Yes, we strongly do. For example, iPhone was the first to ask users to give their permission for each and every app that wanted to use location. Apple will continue to be one of the leaders in strengthening personal information security and privacy.

Software Update

????Sometime in the next few weeks Apple will release a free iOS software update that:

????? reduces the size of the crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower database cached on the iPhone,

????? ceases backing up this cache, and

????? deletes this cache entirely when Location Services is turned off.

????In the next major iOS software release the cache will also be encrypted on the iPhone.