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????最近新聞集團(tuán)爆出了電話竊聽丑聞,，但千萬不要因?yàn)檫@件事就對黑客產(chǎn)生誤解?，F(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪正變得越來越復(fù)雜、越來越危險(xiǎn),，但它也催生了一個(gè)新的工種,，很多“防黑客”的工作。最近美國一系列政府網(wǎng)站遭受網(wǎng)絡(luò)襲擊,，加之花旗銀行（Citigroup）和索尼（Sony）等大公司的被黑,，促使政企兩界紛紛出手,，招攬更優(yōu)秀的防黑客人才。盡管美國五角大樓（Pentagon）正在大幅削減總體軍費(fèi)預(yù)算,，但它花在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全上的開支卻有增無減,。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全威脅的日益加大，網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析這一職業(yè)已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)新的職業(yè)增長領(lǐng)域,，無論在大銀行還是在初創(chuàng)公司里都是如此。

合法黑客召集令

????好消息是,，企業(yè)克扣網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全支出的日子幾乎已經(jīng)成了歷史,。過去，企業(yè)主要依靠雇傭外部顧問來處理重大網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全隱患,，對于那些一般性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)威脅,，則只是簡單地指派IT經(jīng)理們來應(yīng)付。McGladrey咨詢公司的首席安全性和隱私顧問達(dá)蒙?吉奧普佛特表示：“以前連Windows管理員都要會(huì)處理安全性問題,。但是事實(shí)證明這種模式并非長久之計(jì),。”

????目前,，外部的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性公司仍然扮演著十分重要的角色,，由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全威脅頻發(fā)，這些公司的業(yè)務(wù)甚至十分興旺,。不過最有增長前途的,，可能還是大企業(yè)里的那些仍在發(fā)展壯大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性團(tuán)隊(duì)。現(xiàn)在企業(yè)正在四處網(wǎng)羅各種水平的網(wǎng)絡(luò)專家,，他們之中既有初出茅廬的新手——可以為企業(yè)提供“三班倒”式的值班服務(wù),，也有可以替企業(yè)運(yùn)籌帷幄的行業(yè)骨灰級人物。

“合法黑客”必殺技

????不管你是擁有深厚IT背景的老槍,，還是初入江湖的菜鳥,，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全這一行的途徑多種多樣，每條道路需要的技能組合也各不相同,。吉奧普佛特稱,，六七年前的時(shí)候，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域主要是被那些擁有“貨真價(jià)實(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性經(jīng)驗(yàn)”的人所把持,。他們要么在防網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊或法律執(zhí)行方面擁有堅(jiān)實(shí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),，要么就是在能夠自行處理某些網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題的大型IT部門里干過。

????但是現(xiàn)在,，企業(yè)已經(jīng)不單單把眼光投向那些擁有長期經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老手,。證書只能表明你很嚴(yán)肅地看待這份工作，但僅憑證書卻并不能為你贏得這份工作,。你必須要對格外關(guān)注某些其它領(lǐng)域,，比如可以額外學(xué)習(xí)一門管理知識，或者學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估甚至心理學(xué)，才能脫穎而出,，成功入選,。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性團(tuán)隊(duì)都在采用交叉學(xué)科的分析方式，以便在網(wǎng)絡(luò)襲擊發(fā)動(dòng)之前發(fā)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)信號,。

????技術(shù)證書好比敲門磚,，它可以把你領(lǐng)進(jìn)門，但如果活干得不好的話,，還是一樣會(huì)被掃地出門,。吉奧普佛特強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在業(yè)界已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何清退濫竽充數(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)主義份子,?！澳憧赡鼙仨毜煤湍硞€(gè)像我這樣的人面對面坐下來，我會(huì)給你一個(gè)任務(wù),，要你在30秒鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)說服我錄用你,。”他說：“考證當(dāng)然是必要的,，但是只有突出某個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的知識深度,，才能贏得招聘者的青睞?！?/p>

????扎實(shí)的學(xué)術(shù)背景也會(huì)增加你獲得工作的機(jī)率：美國電話電報(bào)公司（AT&T）的安全總監(jiān)愛德華?阿莫羅索表示,，該公司最近招聘了10多名博士生，他們都是剛搞定畢業(yè)論文就被公司錄取了,。不過阿莫羅索和其他招聘者也表示,，他們也在尋找擁有黑客心態(tài)的電腦科學(xué)家。吉奧普佛特指出,，如果你恰好在計(jì)算機(jī)方面極有才華,，但是卻沒有高學(xué)歷，那么獲得工作的關(guān)鍵就是參與行業(yè)的演討會(huì)和會(huì)議,，利用這些場合來展示你的成熟,，告訴招聘者你是可以溝通的。如果人們無法忍受與你共事的話,，哪怕你在睡夢里都能編程也無濟(jì)于事,。

????沒有特殊的技術(shù)怎么辦？不要著急,，如果不擅長干鍵盤上的工作,，這個(gè)行業(yè)里還有越來越多的“混合工種”等著人做。比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的審計(jì)方面需要的人手可能不必懂編程,，但卻要知道如何進(jìn)行規(guī)范管理,。

????美國電話電報(bào)公司,、富國銀行（Wells Fargo）、花旗集團(tuán),、微軟（Microsoft）和波音（Boeing）這樣的大企業(yè)在招聘時(shí)給網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全人員開出的年薪大概都在5萬到12萬美元之間,。網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全是一個(gè)正在興起的行業(yè)——哪怕你以前是個(gè)黑客，現(xiàn)在想棄惡從善也猶未為晚,。

????譯者：樸成奎

????Don't let the headlines about New Corp.'s (NWSA) recent phone follies give you the wrong idea about hacking: Cyber crime is only getting more complex and dangerous, but it is creating new jobs for people who want to fight it. Recent high-profile hacks of government sites, Citigroup (C), and Sony (SNE) have added to the rush for more qualified staff. The Pentagon has committed to spend more on cyber security even as it slashes its overall budget. Increasing threats make cyber analysis a growth area for everyone from banks to startups.

Where the legal hackers are

????The good news is that the days of corporations skimping on internal cyber security are almost over. In the past, companies could get away with hiring external consultants for big jobs while simply reassigning IT managers to handle more standard threats. "A Windows administrator would have to do security as well," says Damon Geopfert, McGladrey's top man for security and privacy consulting. "But," he adds, "that has been proven an unsustainable model."

????Current outside cyber security firms will stick around and even flourish in the face of so many threats, but internal cyber security teams under development at major companies may provide the best growth opportunity. Businesses are looking for experts at all skill levels, from greenhorns in eight-hour shifts to industry greybeards who can watch the big picture.

The skills you need

????Whether you have a prior IT background or are only just entering the work force, ways to get into cyber security are diversifying alongside its skillsets. Six or seven years ago, Geopfert says, the field was dominated by people with "hardcore security experience" in defense, law enforcement, or a major IT department that handled some of its own security.

????But now, companies aren't simply looking for veterans with long-term experience. Certifications demonstrate you're serious about the job, but they don't cut it on their own. Differentiate yourself through additional areas of focus, such as a management knowledge, risk assessment, or even psychology to join expanding teams that use interdisciplinary approaches to spot the warning signs of an attack before it happens.

????While technical credentials can get you in the door, you'll get nailed if you can't handle the work. Geopfert stresses that the industry has learned how to weed out unqualified opportunists. "You're going to have to sit down with somebody like me that will ask you to talk me through processes in 30 seconds," he says. "Go get the certs, but highlight your depth of knowledge in specific areas -- recruiters will appreciate it."

????A strong academic background always helps: AT&T (T) has recently hired a dozen PhDs right out of their dissertations, according to chief of security Edward Amoroso. But Amoroso and other recruiters say they also look for computer scientists with a hacker's mentality. Even if you just have natural aptitude in lieu of an advanced degree, Geopfert says the key is to participate in industry chats and conferences where you can demonstrate maturity and show recruiters you can maintain a conversation. Being able to code in your sleep won't help if people can't stand to work with you.

????Not particularly technical? There are an increasing number of "hybrid" jobs if you're all thumbs on a keyboard. The auditing side of cyber security needs candidates who might not be able to write security programs but can understand how to regulate activity.

????With salaries from $50,000 to $120,000 dollars a year and companies such as AT&T, Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup, Microsoft (MSFT), and Boeing (BA) on the lookout for staff, cyber security is a growing industry -- even if you're a former hacker who wants to play it straight.