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分析:債限方案需配合第三輪量化寬松
 作者: Nin-Hai Tseng    時(shí)間: 2011年08月03日    來源: 財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)
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大規(guī)模的預(yù)算削減要到2013年才會(huì)開始,,但是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)屆時(shí)是否能夠承受這一打擊目前仍不明朗。
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????今天,,萬眾矚目的美國債務(wù)上限提升草案終于獲得通過,著實(shí)讓市場為之興奮了一陣,,然而在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇乏力的大環(huán)境下,,草案的最終細(xì)節(jié)和實(shí)施方案才是左右復(fù)蘇前景的關(guān)鍵所在。

????經(jīng)過了數(shù)周的政治角力,,奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和國會(huì)領(lǐng)袖們在周日深夜達(dá)成了一致意見——從而避免了違約,。參眾兩院將于晚些時(shí)候進(jìn)行投票表決,但是很顯然,,鬧劇還并未謝幕,。

????基于赤字削減計(jì)劃,華盛頓已就如何實(shí)施稅收和開支方案激辯了數(shù)月,。然而,,由于只涉及削減,不涉及增稅,,因此該計(jì)劃對GDP增長的影響仍是個(gè)未知數(shù),,而且自從2010年夏天以來,GDP一直增長步履蹣跚,。目前的問題在于,,計(jì)劃執(zhí)行后,第一,,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)到底會(huì)脆弱到什么程度,,第二,如此大規(guī)模的削減是否會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)超級疲軟期進(jìn)一步延長,。

????提案將分兩個(gè)階段將美國債務(wù)上限總計(jì)提高2.4萬億美元,。首先,,未來10年政府將削減開支9,170億美元,。然后,,國會(huì)將成立特別委員會(huì)來謀求剩下的1.5萬億美元赤字的出路,他們有可能會(huì)拿稅收和社會(huì)保障計(jì)劃開刀,。

????有跡象表明,,為了計(jì)劃的順利實(shí)施,國會(huì)議員一直都在未雨綢繆,,避免意外的阻撓,。然而鑒于過去幾周所上演的政治鬧劇,誰又忍心責(zé)備他們呢,?如果特別委員會(huì)最終完成的削減任務(wù)低于1.2萬億美元,,或者國會(huì)不采納其削減建議,,那么取而代之的將是一個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)的支出削減方案,。該削減方案將波及軍事開支以及醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。

????盡管用心良苦,,但該計(jì)劃對于目前疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇只字未提,。誠然,大部分削減措施要到2013年才正式生效,,也不會(huì)影響針對低收入家庭,、社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療援助的福利計(jì)劃。這樣,,在政府開支縮減之前,,經(jīng)濟(jì)仍有喘息的時(shí)間。政府開支占美國GDP的20%,,是僅次于消費(fèi)的美國經(jīng)濟(jì)第二大生力軍,。

????但從最近GDP增長的報(bào)道來看,經(jīng)濟(jì)何時(shí)會(huì)復(fù)蘇已變得越來越難以捉摸,。據(jù)咨詢公司Global IHS Insight的預(yù)報(bào)顯示,,第二季度,經(jīng)濟(jì)僅增長了1.3%,,而且前幾個(gè)季度的數(shù)據(jù)表明經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長和復(fù)蘇遠(yuǎn)比預(yù)期乏力,。在過去的6個(gè)月中,GDP的年增速僅為0.8%,。

????下半年經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的前景正急劇黯淡,。即使2013年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)不再低迷,恐怕在此之前出現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)性復(fù)蘇的可能性依然很小,。

????債務(wù)上限的提升暫時(shí)讓國會(huì)如釋重負(fù),,然而壓力將再次回到美聯(lián)儲身上,,它將再一次面臨激活經(jīng)濟(jì)的重任。也許國會(huì)應(yīng)該考慮將第三輪量化寬松計(jì)劃與此次債務(wù)上限上調(diào)方案進(jìn)行捆綁,,以備不時(shí)之需,。

????Markets today initially cheered the rough sketches of a highly anticipated deal to raise the U.S. government's debt limit, but how the nation's fragile economic recovery responds will depend on the final details of the plan and how it eventually rolls out.

????After weeks of political wrangling, President Obama and congressional leaders reached a deal late Sunday night – thereby avoiding a default. The Senate and House are expected to vote on a plan later today, but needless to say, the drama isn't over yet.

????The deficit-reduction plan sets the stage for months of debates over how Washington taxes and spends. And it's uncertain how a plan centered on spending cuts without tax increases will impact GDP growth, which has faltered since the summer of 2010. The question now is how much weaker could things get and could the scale of spending cuts prolong the incredibly soft patch?

????An outline of the deal would raise the debt ceiling by $2.4 trillion in two stages. First, it would cut spending by $917 billion over the next 10 years. Then, a special committee would be tasked to find another $1.5 trillion in savings, which could come through tax overhauls and changes to social programs.

????It appears lawmakers have tried to avoid any unforeseen hiccups to the plan. And who can blame them, given the political disaster that's played out over the past few weeks? If the committee doesn't find at least $1.2 trillion in savings, or Congress doesn't adopt its proposals, a pre-set array of spending cuts would kick in. This could include cuts in military spending and Medicare payments to health-care providers.

????However well intentioned, the plan doesn't address the extent of today's weak economic recovery. To be sure, the bulk of spending cuts wouldn't kick in until 2013 and wouldn't affect programs for low-income households, Social Security or Medicaid. Surely this gives the economy some time to heal before reeling in government spending, which currently makes up about 20% of GDP and the largest share of the U.S. economy next to consumption.

????But judging by the latest reports on GDP growth, it has become increasingly uncertain when the economy will really starting picking up. During the second quarter, it grew by only 1.3% and revisions to previous quarters show a deeper recession and a weaker recovery than previously portrayed, according to forecasting firm Global IHS Insight. For the past six months, GDP grew at an annual rate of only 0.8%.

????Prospects for a pickup during the second half of the year are fading fast. Even if the economy is no longer depressed by 2013, it will likely just have started growing in any meaningful way.

????So while Congress might be breathing a slight sigh of relief once the debt ceiling is raised, this will likely put pressure on the Fed to act in an effort to – once again – jumpstart the economy. Perhaps Congress needs to pair this debt deal with a back-up QE3 plan?




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@關(guān)子臨: 自信也許會(huì)壓倒聰明,演技的好壞也許會(huì)壓倒腦力的強(qiáng)弱,,好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就是循循善誘的人,,不獨(dú)裁,而有見地,,能讓人心悅誠服,。    參加討論>>
@DuoDuopa:彼得原理,是美國學(xué)者勞倫斯彼得在對組織中人員晉升的相關(guān)現(xiàn)象研究后得出的一個(gè)結(jié)論:在各種組織中,,由于習(xí)慣于對在某個(gè)等級上稱職的人員進(jìn)行晉升提拔,,因而雇員總是趨向于晉升到其不稱職的地位。    參加討論>>
@Bruce的森林:正念,,應(yīng)該可以解釋為專注當(dāng)下的事情,,而不去想過去這件事是怎么做的,這件事將來會(huì)怎樣,。一方面,,這種理念可以幫助員工排除雜念,把注意力集中在工作本身,,減少壓力,,提高創(chuàng)造力。另一方面,,這不失為提高員工工作效率的好方法,。可能后者是各大BOSS們更看重的吧,。    參加討論>>


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